专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷173(题后含答案及解析).docx

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1、专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷 173 (题后含答案及解析)题型有：5. READING COMPREHENSION PART VREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. For each question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answ

2、er.(1) Considering that industry analysts claim that hospital price calculations are arbitrary, we asked hospitals nationwide a simple question: How do you calculate your sticker prices? Five declined tocomment or didn t provide an answer, leaving Murray Askinazi, senior vice-president and CFO of La

3、wrence Hospital Center in Bronxville, New York, to offer this explanation; For an outpatient MRI (磁共振成像) , as an example, his hospital calculates its charge based on such factors as the cost of buying or leasing the machinery, the wear and tear on that machine, staff salaries, the climate control an

4、d electric bill, cleaning costs, local competitive pricing, and other costs related to the hospitals overhead, like malpractice insurance.(2) Surprisingly, medical services can vary wildly from one hospital to the next. The median charge for acute appendicitis admissionsat 289 medical centers and ho

5、spitalsthroughout California, for example, ranged from $1,529 to almost $183,000, an Archives of Internal Medicine study reported in April. Within San Francisco alone, the range between the lowest and highest charge was nearly $ 172,000.(3) But hospital sticker prices matter only to a limited extent

6、 because they typically get trumped ( 胜过) by a higher power; the amounts that insurance companies are willing to pay for those services. The figures are determined by a negotiated contract that dictates the rate at which the companies will reimburse the hospital on the patients behalf. In addition,

7、the rates paid by Medicare and Medicaid, Askinazi adds, often fail to cover the hospitals cost of providing the service in the first place, which means some of those costs are often shifted to commercially insured patients.(4) Now, all those factors affect the math for one simple outpatient test. Fo

8、r an inpatient hospital stay, those computations sprout into an intricate vine in which every service (from radiology to pathology) generates its own charges. The hospital also has facility charges, covering room and board, certain room-use fees (such as the operating room), and nursing services, al

9、l of which get consolidated into the bill sent to you and your insurance company.(5) As technology advances, those charges rise. Palmer had a client from Louisville, Kentucky, who was astonished to receive a charge of $45,330 for a prostate surgery and an overnight stay (insurance would cover only $

10、4,845). The billing department told Palmer that the steep price was not only because it was a robotic procedure but also because patients who receive the high-tech surgery shortly after the hospital starts offering it are helping to recoup ( 偿 还 ) the facilitys equipment costs.1. Which of the follow

11、ing can be inferred from Para. 3?A. Some of the hospital costs will be covered by commercial insurance companies.B. The insurance companies are willing to pay for all the charges.C. Hospital sticker prices usually get trumped by a higher power from the hospital.D. The rate that insurance companies w

12、ill pay is determined by themselves.正确答案：A解析：推断题。文章第三段最后部分提到，一部分医疗费用会转移到投保了商业保险的病人身上，A与文意表述一致，故为正确答案。B含有绝对词all， 且所表述内容在文中并未提及，故排除；该段第一句提到了医院标价问题的影响有限，因为另一个更加强大的因素对病人的影响更大：保险公司愿意为医疗服务支付的数额，由此可知，该因素并不是来自医院，而是来自保险公司，故排除C； 由该段第二句可知，保险公司赔偿比率由公司和患者协商决定，故排除D。 知识模块：阅读2. The phrase “an intricate vine” in Par

13、a. 4 refers to. Athe difficulty for an inpatient hospital stayB. the huge amount of hospital chargesC. the problem in calculating hospital chargesD. the complexity of hospital charges正确答案：D解析：语义题。原文第四段第二句中an intricate vine 的字面意思为“一棵错综复杂的葡萄藤”，结合接下来的内容“The hospital also has facility charges， covering

14、room and board ，certain roomuse fees”可知，医院账单很复杂，而不是账单价高，故D为正确答案，同时排除B。A和C在文中并未提及，故均排除。 知识模块：阅读3. The example of Palmers client in the last paragraph indicates that. Athe technology applied in medical services is quite advancedB. the client spent $45,330 on a prostate surgeryC. the improvement of tec

15、hnology may lead to the rise of hospital chargesD. the surgery was conducted by robots only正确答案：C解析：推断题。由原文最后一段第一句可知，随着科技的进步，医院收费也随之上升，接下来所举的例子旨在论证这一主题，故C为正确答案。A属于断章取义，故排除；B的细节表述有误，45 330 美元的花费不仅包括手术费用， 还包括住院费，故排除；D含有绝对词 only，与文意不符，故排除。 知识模块： 阅读(1) Conservationists on Tuesday appealed to countries t

16、o urgently address new threats to whales, dolphins and other cetaceans (鲸类动物) as climate change opens up previously inaccessibleareas of the Arctic and industries move into new areas.(2) As emotional arguments broke out in the annualInternational Whaling Commissions (IWC) conference between pro- and

17、 anti-whaling nations over the right of small, aboriginal groups to hunt a few whales each year, WWF appealed to countries to better regulate fishing and stop the oil and gas industries devastating populations.(3) “A few thousand whales are killed each year because of whaling but 300,000 whales, dol

18、phins and other cetaceans are killed just in fishing gear. Now the greater threat is from the oil and gas industries. Cetaceans have so far been lucky because the Arctic has been mostly inaccessible but as climate change develops new areas are opening up. These are some of the most important areas l

19、eft for whales and cetaceans,” said Wendy Eliott, head of the WWF delegation to the meeting in Panama.(4) “It is essential these issues are addressed by the IWC. But whaling governments like Norway, Iceland and Japan refuse to acknowledge the conservation committee of the IWC and do not participate.

20、 “(5) Shell plans to begin drilling operations in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas off Alaska as early as this month, and other oil companies are planning new off-shore drilling platforms in the Russian far east near the feeding area of critically endangered western gray whales. There are only an estim

21、ated 26 breeding females remaining and the oil-rich zone off Sakhalin Island is the only place where they can teach their calves to feed, said Elliott. “This could mark the beginning of a massive oil exploration effort, ” she said.(6) The IWC, which is regularly torn by disputes, grants five-year pe

22、rmits to communities with a strong tradition of subsistence whaling. This year, several Caribbean countries, including St. Vincent and the Grenadines, as well as the USA, Russia and Denmark areasking approval from the commission for their annual quota of whales to be renewed. Most whaling opponents

23、do not try to block small-scale aboriginal hunts as they do not threaten larger whale populations. While governments argue that the use of whales and dolphins contribute to national food security, cultural preservation and sustainable livelihoods, some are seen by conservationists as ill-disguised c

24、ommercial whaling.(7) On Monday, pro-whaling countries led by Japan shot down a Latin American-led proposal to create a no-kill zone for whales in the southern Atlantic Ocean. Argentina, Brazil, South Africa and Uruguay put forward a proposal to declare the southern Atlantic a no-kill zone for whale

25、s, a largely symbolic measure as whaling ended there long ago.(8) Thirty-eight countries voted in favor of the measure and 21 voted against, with two abstentions. Under commission rules, proposals need to enjoy a “consensus” of 75% support for approval.4. According to the passage, the heated dispute

26、s in the annual IWC conference were about.A. the urgency of handling new threats to whalesB. the small native groups right of whale huntingC. the poor management of fishingD. the drilling of oil in the Arctic正确答案：B解析：细节题。文章第二段第一句提到，在国际捕鲸委员会的年度大会上， 支持与反对捕鲸的国家围绕原住民小团体每年少量捕鲸的权利展开了激烈的争 论，所以选B。A“处理对鲸鱼新威胁

27、的紧迫性”在第一段中有所提及，但这是环保人士于周二呼吁各国所做的事情，故排除；C“捕鱼业管理不善”和D “在北极勘探石油”在文中均有所提及，但这是世界自然基金会呼吁各国改进的地方，并非会议争论的问题，因此均排除。 知识模块：阅读5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the responsibilities of IWC? ATo regulate whale hunting.B. To make whales adapt to climate change.C. To grant whaling permits.D. To renew th

28、e annual quota of whales.正确答案：B解析：细节题。原文第三段中虽然提到气候变化，但指的是随着气候变化活跃起来，北极新开发的地区将逐渐开放，并未表明国际捕鲸委员会的责任是让鲸鱼适应天气的变化，所以B为正确答案。第二段第一句和第四段第一句都表明国际捕鲸委员会负责管理捕鲸，因此排除A；由第六段第一句可知，国际捕鲸委员会可以给予一些团体五年的捕鲸许可证，故排除C；第六段第二句提到一些国家请求委员会批准其年度捕鲸配额的延期，故排除D。 知识模块：阅读6. We can learn from the passage that the proposal about the no-k

29、ill zone was.Adenied Baccepted Cpostponed Dup in the air正确答案：A解析：推断题。文章倒数第二段第一句表明，以日本为首的支持捕鲸的国家否决了在南大西洋设立禁猎区的提案，由此可知A为正确答案。如果不熟悉短语 shot down，也可以从文章最后一段做出推断，即根据委员会的规定，提案需有 75的成员国“一致”支持才能通过，而该段第一句表明，有38 个国家投票支持该提案，21 个国家反对，2 个国家弃权，由此推知，该提案的支持率大约是62，低于 75，由此可知该提案“被否决了”。 知识模块：阅读(1) Alzheimers disease ha

30、s no cure. There are, however, five drugs known and approvedthat can slow down the development of its symptoms. The earlier such drugs are administered, the better. Unfortunately, the disease is usually first noticed when people complain to their doctors of memory problems. That is normallytoo late

31、for the drugs to do much good. A simple and reliable test for Alzheimer s that can be administered to everybody over the age of about 65, before memory-loss sets in, would therefore be useful.(2) Theo Luider, of the Erasmus University Medical Centre in Rotterdam, and his colleagues think they have f

32、ound onebut it works only in women. They made their discovery, just reported in the Journal of Proteome Research, by tapping into a long-term, continuing study that started in 1995 with 1,077 non-demented and otherwise healthy people aged between 60 and 90. At the beginning oftheproject,and subseque

33、ntlyduringtheperiods1997-1999and 2002-2004, participants were brought in for a battery of neurological ( 神经学的) and cognitive investigations, physical examinations, brain imaging and blood tests.(3) During the first ten years of the study, 43 of the volunteers developed Alzheimers disease. When Dr. L

34、uider compared blood samples from these people with samples from 43 of their fellow volunteers, matched for sex and age, who had remained Alzheimers-free,hefoundsomethingstartling.Levelsofasubstancecalled pregnancy zone protein had been unusually high, even before their symptoms appeared, in some of

35、 those who went on to develop Alzheimer s disease.(4) Those “some” , it turned out, were all women. On average, levels of pregnancy zone protein in those women who went on to develop Alzheimers were almost 60% higher than those of women who did not.In men, levels of the protein were the same for bot

36、h.(5) The reason for this curious result seems to be that the brain plaques (斑块)associated with Alzheimers disease are themselves turning out pregnancy zone protein. Certainly, when Dr. Luider applied a chemical stain specific to that protein to the plaques of dead Alzheimer s patients he found the

37、protein present in them. (6) Confusingly, though, it was there in the plaques of both sexes. Presumably, female cells (and therefore the plaques of female brains) make more of it than male cells do.But that remains to be proved. Whatever the reason, however, this result means that women, at least, m

38、ay soon be able to tell whether and when they are at risk of Alzheimersand thus do something about it before they start losing their minds.7. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. No medication can slow down the development of Alzheimers symptoms.B. People who always complain are most likely

39、 to have Alzheimers disease.C. Doctors had better tackle Alzheimers disease when people are 65 years old.D. To detect Alzheimers disease before memory loss is crucial.正确答案：D解析：细节题。原文第一段最后一句提到，如果有一种简单、可靠的方法能在患者记忆力开始衰退之前检测出该病，并且适用于任何 65 岁以上的人，这种方法会大有裨益，所以D“在患者记忆力衰退之前诊断出阿尔茨海默病是很重要的”陈述正确，为正确答案，同时可知C是对这句

40、话字面意思的曲解，故排除；根据本段第二句可知，有五种药物可以减缓阿尔茨海默病症状的恶化，故排除A；B是对本段第四句“不幸的是，这一疾病往往是在人们向医生抱怨记忆力出现问题时才开始被注意到”字面意思的曲解，故排除。 知识模块：阅读8. What does Dr. Luiders study tell us about the pregnancy zone protein? AIt never increases before the appearance of Alzheimers symptoms.B. Levels of it remain stable for mens lifetime.

41、C. Women developing Alzheimers usually have lower levels of it.D. The brain plaques connected with Alzheimers produce it.正确答案：D解析：细节题。原文第五段第一句提到，出现这一惊人结果的原因似乎是与阿尔茨海默病有关联的脑部斑块自身会产生妊区带蛋白质，故D“与阿尔茨海默病有关的大脑斑块产生妊区带蛋白质”为正确答案。根据第三段最后一句可知，在一些患者的阿尔茨海默病症状出现之前，妊区带蛋白质也异常高，故排除A；根据第四段可知，出现上述症状的多为女性，而男性则不同，他们患有阿尔茨海

42、默病之前和之后，妊区带蛋白质的水平都是一致的，C陈述错误， 故排除；同时可知，B曲解了本句的意思，故排除。 知识模块：阅读(1) It was not so long ago that parents drove a teenager to college campus, said a tearful goodbye and returned home to wait a week or so for a phone call from the dorm. Mom or Dad, inturn, might write letters yes, with pens. But going to

43、college these days means never having to say goodbye, thanks to near-saturation of cellphones, e-mails, instant messaging, texting, Facebook and Skype. Researchers are looking at how new technology may be delaying the point at which college-bound students truly become independent from their parents,

44、 and how phenomena such as the introduction of unlimited calling plans have changed the nature of parent-child relationships, and not always for the better.(2) Students walking from biology class to the gym can easily fill a few minutes with a call to Mom s office to whine (抱怨) about a professor s l

45、ecture. Dad can pass along family news via e-mail. Daily text messaging is not uncommon. Some research suggests that todays young adults are closer to their parents than their predecessors. Professors have figured out that some kids are e-mailing papers home for parents to edit. And Skype and Facebo

46、ok might be more than just chances to see a face that s missed at home; parents can peer into their little darlings messy dorm room or his messy social life.(3) Experts said the change dates to 9- 11, which upped parents anxiety over being out of touch with their children. And the rising cost of col

47、lege can threaten parents willingness to let children make mistakes as they learn how to be adults. Many of todays college students have had so much of their schedule programmed, so they may not know what to do with time and solitude, said Barbara Hofer, a Middlebury College psychology professor.(4)

48、 Researchers are looking at these changing relationships, formed inthe last few years after parents got smartphones and Facebook accounts too and learned how to use them. “Theres a tremendous diversity in how kids handle this. Some maintain old rules. But for many, many young people, they grow up essentially with the idea that they dont have to separate from their parents,” said Turklea, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology whose specialty is technology and relationship. “Its a