中考英语复习教案九.pdf
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1、 二.句子的种类 句子种类 按照句子的用途,英语句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。按照句子的结构,英语句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。中考对句子的考查主要集中在以下几个方面:1.陈述句的构成形式及基本用法;2.祈使句的构成形式及基本用法;3.一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句的构成形式及基本用法;4.由 what,how 引导的感叹句的构成形式、用法及区别 (一)陈述句 1肯定式 2否定式 (1)加 not 构成的否定句 (2)由 no,hardly,never,nobody,nothing 等构成的否定句。其中两者的全部否定用 neither 或 nor,部分否定用 b
2、oth+not.如:Neither of them knows French.Both of them dont know French.三者或三者以上的全部否定用 none,nothing,nobody,no one 等,部分否定用 all,many,every 加 not 构成 如:None of these answers are right.All these books are not mine.(3)在某些句子中,按语意应放在 that 从句中的否定词 not 被移前到主句的谓语动词中,这种否定提前的情况用于 think,believe,suppose 等动词,如:I dont b
3、elieve it will be very cold tomorrow.(二)疑问句 按结构可分为四种 1一般疑问句:(1)用 Yes,No 来回答的疑问句。(2)往往把 be,助动词,情态动词置于句首。(3)在一般疑问句中,如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向,句中常用非肯定词,如:Is there anything wrong with your car?如果提问人对答案有肯定的意向,即希望得到肯定的回答,则在该用非肯定词的地方用肯定词,如:Would you like some drink?因此,在招待客人或向人表示乐意提供帮助时,通常用 some 代替 any。2特殊疑问句:用疑问代
4、词或疑问副词提问的句子,不用 Yes,No 回答。(1)疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成份时,用疑问词+一般疑问句,如:When will you go?(2)疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的顺序相同,如:Whose father works in Shanghai?Who is on duty today?常用的特殊疑问句 询问内容 疑问词或句型 例 句 回 答 职业,身份 what What is your father?He is a doctor.姓名或关 who Who is that boy?He is Jack.He is my 个性化设计 系 brother
5、相貌特征 whatlike?What is she like?What does she look like?She is beautiful.目的 whatfor?What did they come here for?To attend a meeting.原因 why Why did they come here?Because they have a meeting to attend.天气 how whatlike?How is the weather today?What is the weather like today?Its fine.颜色 what color?What d
6、olor is her skirt?Its red.服装尺寸 what size What size does he wear?He wars 40.几点钟 what time What time is it?Its 7:30.星期几 what day What day is today?Its Tuesday.几号,日期 what is the date?What is the date today?Its May 2.年龄(多大)how old How old is he?He is 38.持续多长时间(多久)how long How long have you been here?For
7、 five months.长度(多长)how long How long is the bridge?Its 500 metres.距离(多远)how far How far is it from here to the zoo?Its 6 kilometres.频度(多经常)how often How often do you come back?Once a week.时间经过(多快)how soon How soon will she arrive?In an week.数量(多少)how many(可数名词)how much(不可数名词)How many jackets do you
8、have?How much coffee do you want?Three.Two cups.价格 how much How much is it?How much does it cost?Five dollars.高度(多高)how tall(人,树)how high(山,建筑物)How tall is she?How high is the tower?Shes 1.73 metres.Its 450 metres.3反意疑问句 (1)构成:陈述句+简略问句 肯定 否定 否定 肯定 简略问句的主语与陈述句保持一致,只能用人称代词(there 除外),简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句保持一致
9、,如果是否定,一定要用简写。如:3/6 Jim isnt a student,is he?/There are some books in it,arent there?(2)陈述部分 Im.结构,疑问部分一般用 arent I,如:Im late,arent I?(3)陈述句中有 little,few,no,never,nothing,nobody,hardly 等词表示否定时,简略问句用肯定。(4)陈述句中有指物的不定代词 nothing,something,anything 时,简短问句中用代词 it,陈述句中有指人的不定代词 everyone,no one,someone,everyb
10、ody,nobody,anybody 时,简短问句中用代词 he 或 they,如:Everyone is here,arent they/isnt he?(5)陈述句的主语是指示代词 this,that 等时,疑问部分的主语在形式上与前者不同,但在逻辑上却与前者一致,如:This is very important,isnt it?(6)陈述部分如果是“I(dont)think(believe,suppose.)+宾语从句”时,疑问部分中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的主语和动词保持一致,如:I dont believe she knows it,does she?(7)含有情态动词 must
11、的句子表示猜测时,疑问部分与 must 后面部分一致,不能用 mustnt,如:You must be tired,arent you?当 must 表示“有必要”时,疑问部分用 neednt,如:You must go home right now,neednt you?当 mustnt 表示禁止时,疑问部分一般用 must,如:You mustnt walk on grass,must you?(8)祈使句的反意疑问句 肯定祈使句+will you/wont you?否定祈使句+will you?Lets.+shall we?(包括对方)Let us.+will you?(不包括对方)(9
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