人教版英语必修一至必修四语法知识复习与练习(详细版).pdf

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1、必修一至必修四语法知识复习必修一至必修四语法知识复习Book 1 Unit 1-2Book 1 Unit 1-2直接引语与间接引语直接引语与间接引语直接引语到间接引语的转变直接引语到间接引语的转变注意间接引语中时态，人称，注意间接引语中时态，人称，时间状语，地点状语以及其他部分要根据情况发生变化。时间状语，地点状语以及其他部分要根据情况发生变化。1.1.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A。I had walked last weekB.he had walk

2、ed that weekC。I walked last weekD。he has walked this week如果引语部分是客观事实或真理如果引语部分是客观事实或真理,则变为间接引语，则变为间接引语，定语从句定语从句中时态不需要发生变化。中时态不需要发生变化。2.The teacher asked her，“Does the sun rise in the east？”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east。A.if riseB.if risesC.whether roseD.whether did rise引语部分为一般疑问句，变为间接

3、引语由连词引语部分为一般疑问句，变为间接引语由连词 whetherwhether 或或 if if引导引导,后面用陈述句语序后面用陈述句语序3.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were we thisB。that we were thatC.if were we thisD.if we were that直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，由相应的疑问词直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语，由相应的疑问词whowho，whomwho

4、m，whose,whose,how,how,when,when,why,why,wherewhere 等引导等引导.句句式式asked+asked+疑问词疑问词+陈述句语序陈述句语序4。Jane said，“What did he hear about a week ago？Jane asked _ about _。A.that he heard a week agoB。what he had heard a week beforeC。what he had heard a week agoD。if he heard a week ago直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不直接

5、引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，定式，并在动词不定前加并在动词不定前加 tell,asktell,ask，orderorder 的宾语。的宾语。句式句式.tell,.tell,askask，order sb to do/not to doorder sb to do/not to doEg:The solider ordered：”Be quiet。”The solider ordered us to be quiet.My teacher asked me:”Dont laugh.”My teacher asked me not to laugh.Book 1 Unit

6、 3Book 1 Unit 3 现在进行时表示将来时现在进行时表示将来时表示最近按计划或安排打算要进行的动作，表示最近按计划或安排打算要进行的动作，可以用现在进行可以用现在进行时表示将来时。时表示将来时。句子中一般有以下特点句子中一般有以下特点:1 1。表示位置转移的动词表示位置转移的动词 go come leave start arrive staygo come leave start arrive stay 等等5.What are you going to do tonight?-I am going to attend the lecture,and then we _ to the

7、bookstore。A。wentB.goC。are goingD.have gone6。-Im going to the States。-How long _ you _ in the States？A.are;stayedB.are;stayingC.have;stayedD.did;stay2 2。表示交通方式、表示交通方式、行程安排的动词行程安排的动词 fly,walk,ridefly,walk,ride，drivedrive，taketake（a bus,a taxia bus,a taxi），take offtake off 等等7。Ladies and gentlemen,plea

8、se fasten your seat belts.Theplane _。A.takes offB。is taking offC。has taken offD。took off3 3。也可用于其他动词。也可用于其他动词8。Ive won a holiday for two weeks to Florida.I _ mymum。A.am takingB.have takenC.takeD.will have takenBook 1 Unit 4-Unit 5Book 1 Unit 4-Unit 5Book 2 Unit 1&Unit 5Book 2 Unit 1&Unit 5定语从句定语从句定语

9、从句用于修饰名词，被修饰的名词成为先行词，引导定定语从句用于修饰名词，被修饰的名词成为先行词，引导定语的从句需要借助关系词语的从句需要借助关系词/引导词引导词关系词的作用：关系词的作用：1 1 在定语从句中代替先行词；在定语从句中代替先行词；2 2 在定语从句中充当特定成分在定语从句中充当特定成分;3 3 连接主语与定语从句连接主语与定语从句e.ge.gThe man who lives next to us sells vegetables.The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.(who lives next to us(who live

10、s next to us 为定语从句为定语从句,修饰先行词修饰先行词 the man,the man,关系关系词词 whowho 在定语从句中代替在定语从句中代替 the manthe man，在句中作主语。，在句中作主语。）关系代词That关系副词人、物主 语、宾 语 When时间状语（省）Which 物主 语、宾 语 Where 地点状语(省）Who人主 语、宾 语 Why（省)原因状语Whom 人宾语（省）Whose 人、物与名词搭配，做定语选择关系代词还是选择关系副词，选择关系代词还是选择关系副词，要看定语从句缺少什么要看定语从句缺少什么成分成分9。Where did you get

11、to know her?-It was on the farm _ we worked。A。thatB.thereC。whichD。where10。Where did you get to know her？It was on the farm _ we visited last month。A。whatB.thereC。whichD。where11。I still remember the wonderful time _ I had togetherwith them in Xinjiang。A.thatB.whenC。in whichD。on which12。I still rememb

12、er the wonderful time _ we lived inAmerica.A.thatB。whenC.in which D.on which13.In the end，Japan and Korea reached the point _ bothsides sat down and had a peaceful talk.A.whereB。thatC.whenD。Which强调句强调句 it is/was.it is/was.。that/whothat/who。与定语从句。与定语从句判断判断:去掉强调句的结构完整，去掉强调句的结构完整，这是强调句，这是强调句，否则考虑定语从否则考

13、虑定语从句句14。It was in Sichuan Province _ the earthquake caused agreat loss。A.whereB。whichC.whenD。thatIt was Sichuan Province _ the earthquake caused agreat loss。A。whereB。whichC。whenD.that非限制性定语从句不能用非限制性定语从句不能用 thatthat，其他的关系词根据从句缺什，其他的关系词根据从句缺什么成分以及先行词是人是物进行选择么成分以及先行词是人是物进行选择15。They will fly to Washing

14、ton，_ they plan to stay fortwo or three days.A.whereB。thereC.whichD.when16.By serving others，a person focuses on someone other thanhimself or herself,_ can be very eye-opening andrewarding.A.whoB.whichC。whatD。that17。Great changes have taken place in that school。It is nolonger what it was 20 years ag

15、o,_ it was so poorlyequipped。A.whenB.whichC。whatD.that18。I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend，_ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.A.whichB.whereC.whoD。that非限制性定语从句中，非限制性定语从句中，whichwhich 和和 asas 都可以指整个句子，但都可以指整个句子，但asas 还有“正如还有“正如 的意思，的意思，whichwhich 放句末放句末19。Jim passed the driving t

16、est，_ surprised everybody inthe office。A.whichB。thatC.thisD.itBook2 Unit5Book2 Unit5 介词介词+关系代词引导定语从句关系代词引导定语从句1.1.某些动词，形容词，名词搭配，如某些动词，形容词，名词搭配，如talk to sb.talk to sb.中的介词置中的介词置于定语从句之前于定语从句之前,这时则要考虑使用介词这时则要考虑使用介词+相应的关系代相应的关系代词的结构。词的结构。20.The computer,_ he paid￥3，000，was once ownedby his uncle.A。which

17、B。for whichC。thatD.to that21。For many cities in the world，there is no room to spreadout further，_ New York is an example。A.for whichB。in whichC.of whichD.from which22.Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued fora long time.A。of whichB。with whichC。about whichD。into which2.2.介词介词+关系代词代替关系副词，其中

18、介词的选择看先行词关系代词代替关系副词，其中介词的选择看先行词的固定搭配的固定搭配23.The reason _ he was late again was that he wascaught in a traffic jam in the rush hour。A.whichB。in whichC.for whichD.of which24.Thefootballmatch_thestudentscompetedyesterday was very wonderful。A。in whichB.whichC。in thatD.that3.3.其他情况其他情况,如句子表达的需要，数词如句子表达的需

19、要，数词+of+of+关系代词关系代词,whose,whose+名词名词=the=the 名词名词+of which+of which 等等25。His glasses,_ he could see nothing,was taken awayby a naughty boy.A.whichB。without whichC。with whichD.without those26。At last we found the hole in the wall _ the mouse gotinto the house last night。A.in whichB.whichC.through whi

20、chD。by which27.Last week，only two people came to look at the house，_ wanted to buy it。A.none of themB。both of themC.none of whomD。neither of whom注意复习只能用注意复习只能用 thatthat 的情况（这里不多讲）的情况（这里不多讲）Book 2 Unit 2Book 2 Unit 2 Unit 4 Unit 4 被动语态被动语态（一般将来时的被动语态“将被做”will be done/be going tobe done，现在完成时的被动语态“已经被

21、做”have/has been done正在进行时的被动语态“正在被做”be being done）1.1.时态的判断要看上下文的动作关系，有时可以通过句中的时态的判断要看上下文的动作关系，有时可以通过句中的时间状语判断时间状语判断2.2.主动被动的判断看主语是执行动作，还是承受动作主动被动的判断看主语是执行动作，还是承受动作28。Why dont we choose that road to save time？The bridge to it _。A。has repairedB.is repairedC。is being repairedD。will be repaired29.It is

22、 said that a new robot _ by him in a few days.A。designedB。has been designedC.will be designedD.will have been designed30.Why does the Lake smell terrible？-Because large quantities of water _。A。have pollutedB。is being pollutedC.has been pollutedD。have been polluted31.A new cinema _ here.They hope to

23、finish it nextmonth。A.will be builtB。is builtC.has been builtD.is being built32。In the last few years thousands of films _ all overthe word.A.have producedB。have been producedC。are producingD.are being produced33.He says that Mr.Zhang _ to the factory next week.A。is sentB。would sendC。was sentD。will

24、be sent34。What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally,I think it will exist along with home shoppingbut _.A.will never replaceB。would never replaceC.will never be replacedD。would never be replaced35。I like these English songs and they _ many times onthe radio.A。taughtB。have taughtC。

25、are taughtD。have been taughtBook 3 Unit 1Book 3 Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 2 情态动词情态动词情态动词的学习情态动词的学习,要结合具体的语境，要结合具体的语境，可以借助中文表达帮助可以借助中文表达帮助理解。理解。1 1。猜测的表达。猜测的表达 must(must(肯定肯定)may(may(可能可能)might(might(可能可能弱）弱）cantcant（不可能）（不可能）2.can2.can 表示猜测“可能表示猜测“可能 时，用于疑问句时，用于疑问句注意：注意：:：:：mustnmustn t t 禁止禁止3.注注意意委委婉婉表表达

26、达,回回答答不不需需要要委委婉婉(would-could-can/cant）Could you help me?Yes，I can。4.4.情态动词情态动词+have done+have done原本。原本。表示对过去事情的懊悔等表示对过去事情的懊悔等表示对过去事情的猜测表示对过去事情的猜测:must have done 肯定做过may/might have done 可能做过cant/couldnt have done 不可能做过5.5.几种一般疑问句的答语，几种一般疑问句的答语，祈使句回答，祈使句回答May I do.。?No，you had better not.Need I do.？N

27、o,you neednt.Must I do。.？No,you dont have to./No，Remember to lock the door.I will。Dont forget to lock the door。I wont.6.shall6.shall 用于一，三人称表征询意见用于一，三人称表征询意见will/wontyou neednt.Book 3 Unit 3Book 3 Unit 3 Unit 5 Unit 5 名词性从句名词性从句1.1.名词性从句在句子中充当主语名词性从句在句子中充当主语,表语，表语，宾语，宾语，同位语等成分，同位语等成分，需要有引导词引导（除了宾语从句

28、中一种情况，即句子中第需要有引导词引导（除了宾语从句中一种情况，即句子中第一个宾语从句中的一个宾语从句中的 thatthat 可以省略，其他都不能省略引导词）可以省略，其他都不能省略引导词）2.2.首先判断从句类型首先判断从句类型:一般看从句的位置一般看从句的位置宾语从句:及物动词或者介词后面主语从句:句子开头表语从句：系动词（be 动词）后面同位语从句：具体说明先行词（名词)的具体内容，注意几个常见的名词（news，idea，question,fact 等）其次判断从句缺不缺成分，用不用补充意思：其次判断从句缺不缺成分，用不用补充意思：不缺无意填 that不缺补“是否”填 whether/i

29、f 缺成分缺意思看情况，缺什么补什么36。_ the baby could speak a full sentence made hisparents very happy。A。ThatB。WhatC.WhyD。If37。_ the baby could speak made his parents very happy.A。ThatB。WhatC。WhyD.If38。_well go camping tomorrow depends on theweather.A.If B.Whether C。ThatD。Where39.That warm-hearted woman often helps

30、 _ is introuble。A.whoB。whomC.whoeverD.whomever(Wh-ever(Wh-ever 表强调）表强调）3.3.区别同位语从句与定语从句：区别同位语从句与定语从句：定语从句：先行词可以放回定语从句：先行词可以放回从句中，同位语从句，先行词不能放回从句中，先行词与同从句中，同位语从句，先行词不能放回从句中，先行词与同位语从句是等同内容。位语从句是等同内容。40.I cant accept the fact _he passed away last year.41。I cant accept the fact _he told me yesterday。4.4

31、.注意形式主语和形式宾语注意形式主语和形式宾语 it it，复习句型！，复习句型！!！!It is necessary/important/impossible。.that。.It is a pity/a shame.that。.。find/think/consider/make it+adj。/n。+宾语从句42.He didnt make _ clear when and where the meetingwould be held.A.thisB.thatC。itD。these43We thought _ strange that Tom did not come yesterday.A

32、。that B.itC.thisD.what44._ surprises me most is that the students can do somuch homework every day。A.ItB。WhatC.ThatD.Which45。_ is still unknown when the president will make a。public speech。A.ItB.ThatC.HeD。What对比：46._is known to all that Beijing is the capital of China.47。_is known to all is _Beijing

33、 is the capital of China.48。_is known to all，Beijing is the capital of China.5 5。陈述句语序陈述句语序49。Can you make sure _ the gold ring？A.where Alice had putB.where had Alice putC。where Alice has putD。where has Alice put6.6.注意从句中注意从句中(should(should）dodo 的用法的用法 suggest/advice/insist/request/command。.。+宾语从句中

34、suggestion/require/request/command+同位语从句 suggestion/require/request/command。.is 表语从句 It is necessary/important.。+真正的主语从句50.It is suggested that we _ to the park later。A.will goB。wentC。goD.hasgoneBook 4 Unit 1Book 4 Unit 1主谓一致主谓一致详细看课件或笔记（熟记）详细看课件或笔记（熟记）Book 4 Unit 2Book 4 Unit 2 Unit 4 Unit 4V Vingi

35、ng 形式形式1 1。V Vinging 形式在句子中作主语，宾语形式在句子中作主语，宾语,表语，补语表语，补语,状语状语2 2。形式主语和形式宾语。形式主语和形式宾语 it it，复习句型和短语，复习句型和短语 It is no use doing sth.There is no telling/knowing。.无法知道 look forward to doing sth.The book is worth reading.=The book is worthy of beingread.3.3.要考虑时态和主被动要考虑时态和主被动DoingBeing doneHaving doneHav

36、ing been done51。_ the front door _，he had to enter the roomthrough the back door。A。Seen,paintedB。Seeing,being paintedC.Being seen,being paintedD。Seeing，painting52。_the movie,she still wanted to go to the cinemaagain.A.WatchingB。Being watchingC。Having watchedD。To watch53。_several time，he finally unde

37、rstand the meaningof the sentence.A。TeachingB.Being taughtC.Having taughtD。Having been taught54._ his telephone number,she had some difficulty gettingin touch with Bill.A。Not knowingB.Knowing notC。Not having knownD.Having not known(有时两个动作时间先后不用特别强调，这个需要多做题，形成语感。）4 4。如果逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则要补充。如果逻辑主语不是句子的主语，

38、则要补充 doingdoing 的逻辑的逻辑主语主语55.Being a small boy，_.A.my father took me with him to FranceB。I went with my father to FranceC。My father went with me to FranceD.My father took me to France56.Because his mother was ill，he had to take care of her.改写句：_,he had to take care of her.A。Being illB.His mother was

39、 illC。His mother being illD。His mother ill5 5。否定。否定 notnot 都是放在都是放在 doingdoing 前面前面57。_ made the teacher very angry.A。Toms not finishing his homeworkB。Not Toms finishing his homeworkC。Tom not finishing his homeworkD.Not Tom finishing his homework6 6。注意。注意 inging 类形容词和类形容词和 eded 类形容词的区别：类形容词的区别：inter

40、estinginteresting&interestedinterested，boringboringboredbored，frighteningfrightening frightenedfrightened 等等58.This is a _ movie and everyone was _.A.moved,movingB。moved,movedC。moving,movedD。moving,moving7 7。注意固定。注意固定 inging 短语的表达：短语的表达：generally speakinggenerally speaking 等等59._ all things into consideration，I dare to say it is notthe best。A.TakingB.TakenC。Being takenD。Totake答案答案1-5B B D B C610B B A D C1115A B A DA16-20A A B A B2125C C C A B2630C D C C C3135D B D C D3640A B B D40。that(同从）414541.that/which/省略（定从）C B B A465046.It47。what;that48。AsC C51-55B C D A B5659C A C A