人教新课标高二英语必修五Unit1Greatscientists词句精讲精练.pdf

《人教新课标高二英语必修五Unit1Greatscientists词句精讲精练.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《人教新课标高二英语必修五Unit1Greatscientists词句精讲精练.pdf（8页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、 第 1 页 Unit1 Great scientists 学习目标 重点词汇 conclusion;attend;cure;absorb;blame;link;announce 小词简析 重点短语 put forward;apart from;be strict with；make sense；make+名词 重点句型 1.every time+从句 2.suggest+从句 3.so.that 知识讲解 重点词汇 conclusion【原句回放】Draw a conclusion 得出结论【点拨】conclusion n.结论，结束 I found the conclusion of th

2、e TV series was very amazing.我觉得那个电视剧的结尾很令人惊讶。No conclusion should be drawn before all the facts are buttoned down.所有事实弄清楚之前不能得出结论。注意相关短语：draw/reach/make/come to/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 bring sth.to a conclusion 使结束 in conclusion 最后，总之 Ive come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for

3、 the job.我断定他不适合做这项工作。In conclusion,Id like to say Ive enjoyed staying here so much.总之，我想说我在这里过得非常愉快。【拓展】conclude vt.&vi.使结束；推断出 The doctor concluded that his disease was cancer.医生断定他的病是癌症。Let me conclude my speech with a saying:where there is a will,there is a way.让我用一句谚语结束我的讲演：有志者，事竟成。expose【原句回放】

4、But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但当他想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。【点拨】expose vt.使暴露，揭露，使面临，使遭受（与介词 to 连用）She smiled suddenly,exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.她突然笑了，露出一口洁白的牙齿。The little girl did not want to expose her fears to anyone.小女孩不想把

5、恐惧暴露于任何人。My job as a journalist is to expose the truth.我作为新闻记者的工作就是揭露事实。As a journalist in the war,she was exposed to many dangers.作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中。Its important to expose students to good art and music.第 1 页 使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐很重要。【拓展】exposure n.（与 to 连用）暴露，揭露；曝光，底片张数，曝光时间 attend【原句回放】John Snow was a fam

6、ous doctor in London so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.约翰斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。【点拨】attend vt.照顾，护理；出席，参加 Ive voiced my opinion at every meeting Ive attended.在我参加的每一个会议上我都发表我的观点。Born in India,he attended high school in Madras.他出生在印度，在马德拉斯上了中学。She

7、 is attended by a 24-hour nursing staff.她 24 小时被护士照顾。区分：attend，take part in,join,join in 1）attend 出席，参加（会议、课程class、婚礼、葬礼funeral 等），着重指出席。2）take part in 和 join in 指参加活动，如 take part in a discussion/after-class activity。3）join 可以表示“加入”一群人中，如 join us。We are going to the movies.Are you willing to join us

8、?我们要去看电影，你愿意加入我们吗？4）join 还可以表示“加入”某组织、团体。如：join a club=become a club member 加入一个俱乐部，成为一个俱乐部的成员【拓展】n.attendance 出席(情况)，考勤 So every class,I am going to check your attendance.每节课我都要检查你们的出勤情况。control【原句回放】He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他意识到只有找到病因，霍乱才能被控制。【点拨】con

9、trol vt.&n.控制，统治，克制，管理 1）control 作名词时要注意其词组 When we took control of the company,it was losing money.（take control of 掌控）我们接管公司时，公司是赔本的。The driver lost control of the vehicle on an icy road.(lose control of 失去控制)在一段冰面上，司机无法控制汽车了。The island is now under French control.（under the control of 在.的控制之中）这个岛

10、屿现在受法国人控制。Decisions on financial matters are beyond my control.财政方面问题的决定我无法控制。（beyond/out of control 无法控制）2）control 作动词 New teachers often find it difficult to control their classes.新老师经常发现很难控制班级。We must do more to control the spread of the virus.我们必须采取措施控制病毒的蔓延。Carol struggled to control her anger.

11、卡罗尔努力控制住愤怒。cure【原句回放】Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人们既不了解它的病因，也不了解 第 1 页 它的治疗方法。【点拨】cure vt.&n.治愈，治疗；疗法。常用结构：cure sb.of.治好了某人的.cure(n.)for.治疗.的方法 Will you be able to cure me of my headache,Doctor？医生，你能治好我的头痛吗？TB is a serious illness,but it can be cured.结核病是严重的病，但是可以治愈。Is there a cert

12、ain cure for cancer yet?迄今为止有没有癌症的治疗方法?【拓展】cure,treat cure 强调结果，即“治愈”，而 treat 表示“治疗”，强调过程，不涉及结果。absorb【原句回放】The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。【点拨】absorb vt.吸收，吸引；使专心 Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.植物

13、可以吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。Things in colour can often absorb childrens attention easily.颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。【拓展】be absorbed in 全神贯注于 The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.那位作家全神贯注于写作，都忘了弹烟灰了。I was absorbed in a book and didnt hear your call.我专心看书，没有听见你叫我。blame【原

14、句回放】It seemed that the water was to blame.看来水是罪魁祸首。【点拨】blame vt.责备，谴责；n.过失；责备 常用结构：be to blame(for sth.)对（坏事）负有责任，应受责备 blame sb.for sth.因某事而责备某人 blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎到某人身上 Which driver was to blame for the accident?哪位司机是事故的肇事者？You cannot blame anyone for your failure of your marriage.你婚姻失败不能责备任何人。Ma

15、ny children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误受责备。The driver blamed the accident on the cyclist.司机把车祸归咎于骑脚踏车的人。【拓展】blame n.过失；责备 Why do I always get the blame for everything?为什么每件事都怪我？The company is ready to bear/take the blame for what has happened.这家公司

16、愿意为发生的事承担责任。link【原句回放】In another part of London,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。【点拨】link vt.&n.连接，联系 常用结构：link A to/with B 把 A 与 B 联系/连接起来 第 1 页 The new bridge will link the island to the mainlan

17、d.新的桥梁将把该岛与大陆连接在一起。The interest of his is linked with that of the country 他的利益同国家的利益联系在一起。Is there a link between smoking and lung disease?吸烟与肺部疾病之间有关系吗？【拓展】join.to.和 connect.with/to 也有“把.与.连接起来”之意。announce【原句回放】With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted wat

18、er carried the virus.有了这个额外的证据，约翰斯诺就能够肯定地宣布被污染的水携带着病毒。【点拨】announce vt.&vi.宣布，通告，通知。其宾语可以是宣布的事，但不接双宾语。常用于 announce sth.to sb.The captain announced that the plane was going to land.机长宣布飞机要着陆了。The government yesterday announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs.政府部门昨天向媒体宣布创造一百万个新的工作机会的计划。

19、【拓展】announcement n.通知，宣告；通告 announcer 播音员 小词简析 1.contribute vi.&vt.-contribution n.contribute 捐献，贡献，捐助，起促进作用。常与介词 to 连用。Most people contributed some money to/towards the new church.大多数人都为新教堂捐献了一些钱。A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health.适度的运动有益健康。2.handle vt.处理，操纵；n.柄，把手 She handled a

20、 difficult argument skillfully.她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。3.pollute vt.-pollution n.污染，弄脏 The water from the factory polluted the river.这家工厂排出的水污染了这条河。4.analyse vt.-analysis n.分析 The coach tried to analyse the cause of our defeat.教练努力设法分析我们失败的原因。5.reject vt.拒绝，不接受，抛弃 He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截

21、了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。6.instruct vt.指导，命令，通知 注意：instruct sb.to do sth.指导或命令某人做某事 Ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.我接到命令在这里一直等到讲课的人到了。7.positive adj.积极的，肯定的，确定的-negative 消极的，否定的 I am positive that I gave you his address.我肯定把他的地址给你了。8.defeat vt.&n.打败 They were defeated in the football

22、 match.他们在足球赛中输了。重点短语 put forward 【原句回放】Who put forward a theory about black holes?谁提出了黑洞理论？【点拨】put forward vt.提出；推荐，提名；提前、把（表等）往前拨 第 1 页 The plan you put forward at the meeting is well worth considering.你在会上提出的建议很值得考虑。We all put him forward for the position of club secretary.我们一致推举他当俱乐部秘书。My watch

23、was slow so I put it forward ten minutes.我的手表慢了，我往前拨了十分钟。【拓展】含 put 的短语:put off 延期；推迟 put out 熄灭；扑灭 put away 收拾；整理；储存（钱）；储存备用 put aside 节省（钱、时间）；储蓄 put up with 忍受；忍耐 put up 建造；张贴 put on 穿上；演出 put together 汇总 apart from【原句回放】Apart from the construction mentioned above,you have also learned the follow

24、phrases.除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语。【点拨】apart from 除之外；另外 apart from 根据上下文的不同，既可以用作 besides，in addition to；也可以用作 except或 except for。He didnt know anyone in the room apart from his grandfather.(except)除了祖父外，房间里的人他都不认识。Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher(except for)除了少许缺点之外，他是个很好的老师。Apart from

25、the injuries to his face and hands,he broke both legs.(besides)除了脸部和双手受伤外，他两条腿也断了。【拓展】相关短语：1）in addition to 除之外，还.，与 besides 同义。In addition to the killed and wounded,many were missing.除了伤亡之外，还有许多人失踪。注意：in addition 意为“另外”，一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。You need money and time.In addition,you need diligence.你需要金钱和时间，

26、此外你还需要努力。2）besides 表示一种累加关系，指“除了什么之外，还有”，但是，在否定句中，besides 也表示“除”，与 but,except 同义；3）except/but 表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有 4）except for 除之外，指所排除的部分是前面所述对象的细节，与所述部分不是一类事物。be strict with 【原句回放】strict with 【点拨】be strict with sb.对某人要求严格 The teacher is strict with us in everything.老师对我们事事严格要求。The Smiths are ve

27、ry strict with their children.史密斯夫妇对子女很严格。第 1 页【拓展】be strict in/about sth.对某事严格 lead to【原句回放】Although he had tried to ignore them,all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion.虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出同样的结论.【点拨】lead to 导致，引起，通向（注意 to 是介词）。注意：1.lead 的过去式、过去分词是 led，led。（lead,led,led

28、-ABB 型）2.lead sb.to some place 领某人到某地。3.lead to+结果（积极的 positive 或消极的 negative 皆可）He led his teacher to a secret cave.他带着老师来到了这个秘密山洞。There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.毫无疑问，紧张的压力会导致身体上的疾病。Hard work will lead to success.努力工作就能够取得成功。【拓展】to 是介词的短语：devote oneself to 献身；致力于 be used

29、 to 习惯于 look forward to 盼望，期待 stick to 坚持 pay attention to 注意 注意：这些短语中 to 是介词，其后要接动词的-ing 形式。make sense【原句回放】Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在那里，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。【点拨】make sense 说得通，有道理，有意义（sense 感觉，感官，make sense 相当于 be reasonable，can

30、 be understandable）1.It makes good sense to continue with the reforms.继续进行改革是非常有道理的。2.What you say doesnt make sense.你说的话没有道理。3.Why are you late for school again?你今天怎么又迟到了？Im sorry,but I didnt mean to do that.I met some aliens and they just got me to the moon,studied me,but found nothing special wit

31、h others,and then they set me free.对不起，我不是故意的。我遇到了外星人，他们把我掠到月球上，检查了我，发现我没有什么特殊的，把我放回来了。Well,it doesnt make sense.Can you make up a better excuse?你的话说不通，你能不能编个更好的理由呀？【拓展】common sense 常识，人之常情 make no sense 讲不通；无意义 make+名词【原句回放】Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using make+a+noun.

32、看看这些简单的动词，用“make+a+noun”构成另一个结构。【点拨】make+a+noun 英语中常用“make+a/an+n.”结构代替一个简单的动词。make a telephone call=to telephone 打电话 make a conclusion=to conclude 得出结论 make a decision=to decide 做出决定 第 1 页 make an achievement=to achieve 做出成就 make a contribution=to contribute 对做出贡献 make a description=to describe 描写

33、make a suggestion=to suggest 建议 make a plan=to plan 做计划 make a speech=to speak 发表演说 make a change=to change 变化 make an investigation=to investigate 做出调查 make a noise=to be noisy 喧闹 下面这些短语不符合这个结构：make a face 做鬼脸 make ones way to 前行 make up ones mind 下决心 make friends 交朋友 make dinner 做晚餐 make the bed 铺

34、床 make money 挣钱 make sure 确认 make room for 为.让出空位 重点句型 every time+从句【原句回放】So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.所以每次爆发时有大批惊恐的人们死去。【点拨】every time 作连词用，引导时间状语从句，意思是“每次”。类似用法的短语还有 each(any,next,the first,the last)time。Every time I meet him,I always think of the thi

35、ngs that happened between us.每次见到他，我总想起我们之间发生的事情。We became friends the first time we met in Washington.我们第一次在华盛顿遇到就成了好朋友。suggest+从句【原句回放】1)The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。2)To prevent this from happening again,John Sno

36、w suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。【点拨】suggest 接宾语从句时，有两种含义：1）suggest 意为“表明，暗示”。此时后接的宾语从句的谓语动词不能用虚拟语气，而要用一般的陈述语气。如原句 1)。再如：His accent suggested that he was from Beijing.他的口音表明他是北京人。The girls pale face suggested that she was seriously ill.女

37、孩儿苍白的颜色表明她病得很重。2）suggest 意为“建议、提议”。此时后接的宾语从句或主语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。He suggested that the work(should)be started at once.他建议马上动工。It is suggested that he(should)go there at once.据建议，他应该立即去那里。【拓展 1】suggest 的名词 suggestion 作“建议、提议”讲时，所接的表语从句和同位语从句也用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，其中 should 可以

38、省略。My suggestion is that he(should)go at once.我的建议是他立即去那里。His suggestion that the boy(should)go there alone seemed strange.第 1 页 他提出的男孩儿单独去那里的建议似乎很奇怪。【拓展 2】用法类似的其他动词：动词 advise，decide，insist,demand,desire,require,request,command,order,recommend,ask,urge 等后面的宾语从句，谓语动词一般也用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，其中 should

39、可省。而其名词对应的名词性从句也有此用法。The commander ordered that the bridge(should)be blown up.司令命令把桥炸掉。English teachers give advice that we(should)make good use of every chance to speak English.英语老师们建议我们充分利用每个机会说英语。so.that 和 such.that【原句回放】In two particular streets,the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than

40、500 people died in ten days.有两条街霍乱如此严重，以至于 10 天内 500 多人死亡。【点拨】so.that 如此.以至于。与 such.that 用法相似。归纳：such+adj.+n.(复数/不可数名词)such+a/an+adj.+n.so+adj./adv.+that.so+adj.+a/an+n.so+many/much/little/few+n.记忆小口诀：so 形副，such 名，“多少”加名 so 就行，so 形 a 名也说得通。如：1）She was so angry that she burst out crying.（so 修饰形容词或副词-

41、so 形副）她如此生气，以致大哭起来。2）He was such an impatient driver that he went through the red light.他如此地不耐烦，以致闯了红灯。（such 修饰中心词是名词的短语-such 名）3）There was so much noise outside that we could hardly hear the teacher.外面噪音很大，以致我们听不到老师的话。（名词由表示数量的 many、much、little、few 修饰时，用 so 修饰。-“多少”加名 so 就行）4）He was so impatient a driver that he went through the red light.他如此地不耐烦，以致闯了红灯。（such+a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词-so 形 a 名也说得通）