中考语法专题12：祈使句、感叹句.pdf

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1、1/4 中考英语总复习：专题十二 祈使句、感叹句 一、祈使句（一）、祈使句的结构及用法 祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。主语通常被省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹号或句点。1.肯定的祈使句（1）动词原形+其他 如：Stand up,please.=Please stand up.请起立。但有时会在句首加上主语或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。呼语常与句子隔开，动词仍然用原形。如：Mary，clean the windows！And you boys，wash the floor!（2）Be+adj.如：Be careful!=Look out!=Take care!（3）Le

2、ts+动词原形 如：Lets go to school together.2.否定的祈使句(1)Dont+动词原形 如：Dont stand up.Dont be careless.Dont let them play with fire.(2)Lets(let sb)+not+动词原形 如：Lets not say anything about it.3.祈使句的反意疑问句(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用 will you 或 wont you。如：Please open the door,will/wont you?(2)否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用 will you。如：Do

3、nt be late again,will you?(3)以 lets 开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用 shall we，let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为 will you 或 wont you.如：Let us stay here,will/wont you?Lets turn on the TV,shall we?4.特殊形式的祈使句。祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：Help!Patience!Quickly!Hands up!5.祈使句的强调形式。有时为了加强语气，可以再动词前加上 do，表示“务必，一定”。如：Do be caref

4、ul!(二)、祈使句用于两个重要句型中 1“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。2“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。如：Hurry up,and youll catch the train.(If you hurry up，youll catch the train)Hurry up，or youll miss the train(If you dont hurry up，youll miss the train)二、感叹句 （一）感叹句的结构及用法 感叹句是抒发强烈感情的句子，如欢乐、兴奋、惊奇、愤怒、悲伤等

5、，书面语中句末用感叹号。常由 what 或者 how 引导,都表示“多么”。1、what 引导的感叹句 what 修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：2/4（1）What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+（主语+谓语）！如：What a nice girl(she is)!What an interesting movie（it is）!（2）What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+（主语+谓语）！如：What kind women they are!What nice music/bad weather/good news（it is）!2、how 引导的感叹句 how 用来修

6、饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构有：（1）How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！如：How hard the workers work!How clever the girl is!注意：当 how 修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。如：How fast the runner runs!（2）How+形容词+a+名词+主语+谓语。如：How clever a boy he is!（二）特殊形式的感叹句 1、在口语中常用省略句，有时只用一个词或词组。如：Great!How cold!Look out!What a fool！What a pity!My goodness!2、Here/Ther

7、e 开头的感叹句：(1)Here/There+主语（代词）+谓语 如：Here he comes！(2)HereThere+谓语+主语（名词）如：Here comes the bus！实战演练(250)计分:1 _ food youve cooked!A.How a nice B.What a nice C.What nice 2._terrible weather we are having these days!A.What B.What a C.How 3.-_ _ I had!-You really had a lot.A.What a great time B.What great

8、time C.How great time 4._ he runs!A.How fast B.What fast C.What a fast 5.The TV is too loud.Please_.A.turn it down B.to turn it down C.turning down it 6._ late again,Bill!A.Dont B.Dont be C.Not be 7._ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.A.Not B.Doesnt C.Dont 8.Please help me carry it,

9、_ _?A.will I B.will you C.shall we 9.Dont make so much noise,_ _?A.will you B.wont you C.shall we 10.Kate,_ your homework here tomorrow.A.brings B.bring C.bringing 3/4 11._ me the truth,or Ill be angry.A.Telling B.To tell C.Tell 12.-_ nice girl Alice is!-Yes,she is always ready to help others.A.What

10、 a B.How C.What 13._ exciting it was to see the 2010 EXPO!A.What B.What an C.How 14._ the lights when you leave a room.A.Turn off B.Turning off C.To turn off 15._ tall the girl is!She is sure to become a good basketball player.A.How B.What a C.What 16.-Try not to be late for school next time.-Sure,I

11、 _.A.dont B.wont C.havent 17._ _she dances!A.How good B.How well C.What well 18._ _ _ bright girls they are!A.What B.What a C.How 19._ _ hard work it is!A.How B.What C.What a 20.Please _ _,theyre having a meeting.A.not be so noisy B.be quite C.no speaking 21._ _ to meet me at the station.Ill be wait

12、ing there.A.Not forget B.Forget not C Dont forget 22.Lucy,_ _ the door or someone will come in.A.close B.closes C.closing 23._play soccer in the streets.Its too dangerous.A.Lets B.Dont C.Do 24._ _ friendly he is!A.What B.How C.What a 25.Its a fine day.Lets go fishing,_ _?A.wont we B.will you C.shall

13、 we 26.A sign with the words“_ _”is often found in a bus.A.No parking B.No smoking C.Turn Left 27._ _his father works!A.How careful B.How carefully C.What careful 28._ _heavy snow!A.What a B.What C.How 29._the mooncakes are!A.How delicious B.What delicious C.What a delicious 30.Cindy,_ to be here at

14、 8 oclock.A.is sure that B.will be sure C.be sure 31.Let us do it at once,_?A.shall we B will you C do we 4/4 32.Please _ look outside.Look at the blackboard.A.not B.dont C.arent 33._ tell a lie.A.Not B.No C.Never 34.-You look very tired._ stopping to have a rest?-All right.A.Why not B.How about C.W

15、hy dont 35.They are very tired.Why _ have a rest?A.not they B.no they C.dont they 36._ your child.Well look after him.A.Not to worry about B.Dont worry about C.No worry about 37._ talk any more!Its time for class!A.Stop B.Dont C.No 38._ exciting news!Well have a long vacation after the exam.A.How B.

16、What an C.What 39._ speak loudly in the movie theater.A.Cant B.Dont C.Not 40.Its 7:30 now.Lets _ work.A.go B.going to C.go to 41._ time flies!A.What B.How C.What a 42._ a pity!A.How B.What C.How a 43.Lets _ loudly in public.A.dont talk B.no talking C.not talk 44._ Mr Right is!A.How kind man B.What k

17、ind man C.What a kind man 45._ from Beijing to London!A.How long way it is B.What a long way is it C.What a long way it is 46._ nice picture you gave me!A.How B.What C.What a 47._ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A.How,how B.What,what C.How,what 48._ _ beautiful your new dress is!A.How B.What C.What a 49._ _old bike Li Lei is riding!A.What a B.What an C.How 50._I miss you!A.What B.How C.How do 参考答案：15 C A A A A 6-10 B C B A B 11-15 C A C A A 16-20 B B A B B 21-25 C A B B C 26-30 B B B A C 31-35 B B C B C 36-40 B B C B C 41-45 B B C C C 46-50 C A A B B