整理精品高考备考_经典写作_之分类突破讲座.doc

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1、 。 。 。 。 。 。 。高考备考“经典写作”之分类突破讲座第一辑：调查讨论 观点纷呈（对比类写作要点）I实战点睛对比类写作已成为英语书面表达中一个非常重要的形式。1999年高考题要求学生根据所给画介绍学校三年间的新变化；2001年高考题要求学生比较减负前后的学习情况；2002年高考题要求学生比较“公园要不要收门票”的两种不同观点；2004年北京春季高考要求学生根据所给图画比较过去和现在的生活变化情况。不管在工作学习中还是在日常生活中，对比是人们分析问题和解决问题的重要方法和手段，这就不难理解为什么对比类写作是高考写作中的一个重要形式。对比类写作一般有两种方式：一是集中比较或对比（集中说明一

2、个对象的诸种特征）；二是逐点比较或对比（一条一条地说明两者的异同）。对比类写作可以大致分为以下几种：一、今昔对比在作今昔对比时，要注意时态的变化。谈到过去的情况要用过去时态（主要是一般过去时），谈到现在的情况要用现在时态（主要是一般现在时）。今昔对比的写作格式是：开头（提出什么事情发生了变化）对具体事例作对比结论。写作方式既可采用集中比较，也可采用逐点比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：1. 开头常用句型(1) Great changes have taken place. 发生了巨大变化。 Great changes have taken place in my hometown

3、in the last five year. Quite a few changes have taken place in my school since you left China. Over the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life.(2) Things have begun to improve since 自从以来，事情有了好转/改善。 Things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learn

4、ing load.2. 对比常用句型(1) used to, but now 过去常，但是现在(2) in the past, but now 在过去，但是现在(3) once, but now 曾经.，但是现在(4) Things are different now. 情况已大不同了。(5) But now, everything has changed. 但是现在全变了。Where the playground used to be now stands another new building-our library. I used to have to work even at wee

5、kends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time.My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home. Once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and oth

6、er programs on TV.When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture, but now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment.在作对比时，为避免句型重复，可适当变换一些句式，比如：(1) Another change is 再有一个变化是Another big change is in the housing conditions.(2) Whats more, 还

7、有Whats more, I can go to bed earlier than in the past. 3. 结尾常用句型In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience.2004年北京春季高考题范文Changes In Our LifeOver the past twenty years or so, great changes have taken place in our life(主题句). Take my family for exampl

8、e(过渡句). My parents contacted others mainly by sending them letters in the past, but now we call long distance at home(对比一). And once my parents listened to the radio for news and other information, but now we watch the news and other programs on TV(对比二). Another big change is in the housing conditio

9、ns(过渡句). When they got married about twenty years ago, my parents lived in a small room crowded with furniture, but now we have moved into a big new three-room apartment(对比三). In short, changes in our life in the past twenty years have brought us comfort and convenience(总结句).二、正反观点对比对同一件事情，人们常有不同的看法

10、，即正反两种观点。在写作时，常使用一般现在时。写作格式一般是：提出问题两种不同观点对两种不同观点的论据（理由）逐项作对比。有时题目会要求说出自己的观点，可在结尾段加上自己的观点并简要说明理由，最好不要重复前面的已谈到的理由。写作方式一般采用集中比较。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：正反观点对比常用句型 (1) We have a discussion about 我们对进行了一次讨论。Weve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.(2) We have had a surv

11、ey on 我们对开展了一次调查。Weve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools.(3) Opinions are divided on the question. 在这个问题上意见有分歧。(4) Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 有两种不同意见。(5) Others have different opinions. 其他人有不同看法。(5) Sixty percent of the students are

12、 for the idea, while forty percent of the students think otherwise. 有60%的学生支持这个观点，然而有40%的学生则不这样认为。(6) Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to, but forty percent of the students dont think so. 60%的学生认为是必须的，而40%的学生则不这样认为。(7) On the one hand, On the other hand, 一方面，另一方面在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：

13、(1) Whats more, 还有就是Whats more, we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social customs of the country where we study, as well as improve our English.(2) Besides, 除此之外Some students cannot discipline themselves. Besides, its far too expensive to study abroad, which is a load to the family.当然在提出

14、多个论据时，也可用First, Second, Third, 来列举论据。2002年高考题范文Dear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks(提出问题).Opinions are divided on the question(过渡句). 60of the students are against the idea of entrance fee. They believe a public par

15、k should be free of charge(观点一). People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Changing entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away(论据一). What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city(论据二).On the other hand, 40 t

16、hink that fees should be charged(观点二) because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers(论据一), and to buy plants and young trees(论据二). They suggest, however, fees should be charged low. Yours trulyLi Hua 可以看出，这类文章的写作，首先要提出问题，即双方讨论的问题。接下来提出观点一，并用一系列论据进行阐明。说明完观点一之后，再提出观点二，继续用论据进行说明。如果需要说明自己的观点，

17、可接下来说明自己的观点。三、数据分析比较此类题目要求考生通过对数据的分析比较得出某一结论或说明某一现象。在写作时不要对数据进行简单的列举，而是要通过对数据进行分析，得出某一结论。即应该通过对数据比较得出某物增长了多少或减少了多少，而不是简单的写成今年是多少去年是多少。时态常用一般现在时和一般过去时。写作方式最好采用逐个比较而不宜采用集中比较。写作格式一般是：说明现象数据比较得出结论。在写作时可用以下句型来组织完成整篇文章：常用句型：1. We can see from the chart that. 我们可以从图表中看出2. We can see from the table that 我们可

18、以从表格中看出We can see from the chart above that the environment in the Yellow River Valley is getting worse and worse.3. A has increased by X%. A增长了X%。4. A has doubled in the past five years. A在过去五年里增长了两倍。北京近年来交通工具发生了很大变化。请根据下表和所给提示，用英语写一篇短文，以便刊登在某家对外发行的英语杂志上。年份交通工具自行车出租车私人汽车公共汽车20011,000,000125,000250,

19、70017,60020021,650,000273,000390,80018,900特点方便，健身快捷，便宜富有慢，脏，拥挤Along with the city development, the transport system is also changing(主题句). We did a survey on the different transportations.According to the result, people more and more prefer convenient transportations, like taxi, which doubled in the

20、 past year(比较一). Besides, private cars have been increasing rapidly with the high living standard(比较二). While public bus, which was considered the main transport in the city, now is thought by most people dirty and crowded(比较三). But on the other hand, bicycle, as another traditional transportation,

21、is still widely accepted for its convenience and benefit to peoples health(比较四).In a word, people are enjoying an easier and more conventional life(总结句).数据比较类文章通常也要求先提出主题句，即通过数据比较要说明的问题。接下来对数据进行比较。在边进行比较时边说明问题，在进行多项比较时，要注意句与句之间的过渡与衔接。最后要写好总结句，即你对这一现象作出自己的理解。高考英语对比类写作实战模版对比观点题型（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

22、1有一些人认为。2另一些人认为。3我的看法。 The topic of -（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of -（支持A的理由一）What is more, -理由二). Moreover, -(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in

23、the following three reasons. Firstly,-(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),-（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),-(理由三). From my point of view, I think -（我的观点）. The reason is that -(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对

24、这一观点Some people believe that -（观点一）. For example, they think -（举例说明）And it will bring them -(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,-(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, -(反对的理由之二)Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that -(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)议论文的框架(1

25、)不同观点列举型（选择型）Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat_作文题目.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_观点一_.Intheirviewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,_原因一_.Furthermore,inthesecondplace,_原因二_.Soitgoeswi

26、thoutsayingthat_观点一_.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat_观二_.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand，_原因一_.Ontheotherhand,_原因二_.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat_观点二_. AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat_观点一或二_.Itisnotonlybecause_,butalsobecause_.Themore_,themore_

27、.II高考真题体验NMET 1999 假设你是李华，在一所中学读书。最近收到美国朋友Smith先生的来信。他三年前参观过你校，听说现在变化很大，希望了解有关情况。参照下图，给他写一封信，介绍你校的变化。注意：1.回信须包括图画的主要内容，可以适当增减细节，使内容连贯；Dear Mr Smith,I was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to tell you something about my school. You are right. Quite a few changes have taken place. On one side

28、 of the road there is a new classroom building. On the other side, where the playground used to be, now stands anotherbuilding - our library. In it there are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. The playground is now in front of the school. We have also planted a lot of trees in and around

29、the school. I hope you come and see for yourself some day, Best wishes, Yours, Li HuaNMET 2001 假如你是李华。你的澳大利亚朋友Dick听说中国的中小学正在减轻学生的学习负担，来信询问有关情况。请你根据下表提供的信息，写一封回信，谈一谈减负给你的学习和生活带来的变化。周末活动（减负前）周末活动（减负后）白天：上课、做作业白天：参观博物馆、学习电脑、绘画等晚上：做作业晚上：看新闻、读书、看报就寝时间：11:30就寝时间：11:30Dear Dick, How nice to hear from you a

30、gain. You want to know what is going on in schools in China? In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I dont know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free t

31、ime. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.Best wishes, Li HuaNMET 20

32、02 最近，你校同学正在参加某英文报组织的一场讨论。讨论的主题是：公园要不要收门票？请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论情况。60%的同学认为40%的同学认为1、不应收门票2、公园是公众休闲的地方3、如收票，需建大门、围墙，会影响城市形象1、应收门票，但票价不宜高2、支付园林工人工资3、购新花木注意：1、信的开头已为你写好。 2、词数：100左右。 3、参考词汇：门票：entrance feeDear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether an entrance fe

33、e should be charged for parks. Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believed a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people aw

34、ay. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should

35、 be charged low. Yours truly, Li HuaNMET 2004湖北卷 二班的同学进行了一场有关英语学习的讨论。讨论的题目是：学习英语要不要从儿童时期开始？请你根据下表中的提示写一篇短文，介绍讨论的情况。一些同学认为另一些同学认为1应从儿童时期开始学习英语2儿童时期记忆力好，可以记住很多单词3能为以后的英语学习打下坚实的基础1不应从儿童时期开始学习英语2儿童时期既要学汉语拼音又要学英语，易混淆3会影响汉语学习和今后的英语学习讨论未取得一致意见注意：1文章的起始句已给出； 2词数：100左右（不包括已给的起始句）； 3参考词汇：基础foundation 汉语拼音Chin

36、ese pinyin The students of Class 3 had a discussion about whether it is necessary to start learning English from childhood . Some of them think that English learning should start from childhood . As little boys and girls have a very good memory ,they can learn a lot of English words by heart . This

37、will help them lay a solid foundation for their future English learning . But others do not agree . Young children have to learn Chinese pinyin at school . If they study Chinese pinyin and English at the same time , it will be very easy for them to mix them up . This will do a lot of harm not only t

38、o their Chinese learning but also to their future English learning . In short , the students have not arrived at any agreement yet .NMET 2005全国卷（四川、云南、陕西等地区用）假设你是李华，最近国内一家英文报纸正在讨论北京动物园是否应迁出市区。以下是你所在班级讨论的情况。请你给该报写一封信，反映讨论结果。赞成迁出：反对迁出：1游客多，交通堵塞2郊区环境好1建于1906年，中外闻名2搬迁易造成动物死亡注意：1词数100字左右，信的开头已为你写好。2可根据内容

39、要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3参考词汇： 郊区suburbJune 3 ,2005Dear Editor ,Recently ,our class have had a heated discussion about whether the Beijing Zoo should be moved out of the city . Some of my classmates are in favor of the move .They say large crowds of tourists to the zoo will result in traffic jams .They also

40、 say that once moved ,animals will have more space and better living conditions in the suburbs .However ,other students are against the idea ,saying that the Beijing Zoo, built in 1906 ,has a history of 100 years ,and is well known at home and abroad .So it should remain where it is .Whats more ,mov

41、ing may cause the death of some animals .To move or not ,this is a big decision which has to be made by people in Beijing. Yours truly, Li HuaNMET 2005江西人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。赞成的理由反对的理由你的看法1广交朋友2可自由表达思想3利于外语学习1浪费时间2影响学习3可能上当受骗？参考词汇： 网络朋友on-line friend(s)，上当受骗to be ch

42、eatedShould students make friends on line ?Some people say yes .The internet helps make many friends .Chatting on line ,students can more freely express their feelings and opinions ,and even get help with their foreign language studies .Others ,however, think students should not .They say making fri

43、ends on line is a waste of time ,which should be spent more meaningfully on study .Besides ,some students get cheated on line.It is my opinion that students should place their study ,health and safety before other things .As for friendship ,we can readily find it in our classmates and other people a

44、round us. NMET 2005福建目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：主要原因考试偏多、偏难不用功、懒惰取悦父母、老师个人看法作弊不对，违反校规要诚实，努力学习（其他看法）注意：1短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥； 2短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数； 3词数：100左右。 4参考词汇：作弊 cheat（v.）My Opinion on Cheating in ExaminationsIt is known

45、 to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.As students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. On the other hand, some of us are lazy and dont work hard at their lessons. So when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get b