八年级英语下人教版知识点全.pdf

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1、1 八年级英语下册知识点 Unit 1.whats the matter?一重点短语归纳 1.foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 2.have a cold 感冒 3.have a stomachache 胃疼 4.have a sore back背疼 5.have a sore throat 喉咙疼 6.have a fever发烧 7.lie down and(have a)rest 躺下休息 have a rest 休息 8.hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶 9.see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看医生 10.drink lo

2、ts of water多喝水 11.lots of,a lot of,a lot a lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of（a lot of）books in our library.There is a lot of water on the ground a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思；Thanks a lot.12.have a toothache牙疼 13.Thats a good idea好主意 14.go to bed 去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉 1

3、5.feel well 感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服 I dont feel well=Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.16.start doing/to do sth开始做某事 TO DO 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情 DOING是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。17.two days ago 两天前 18.get some rest 多休息,休息一会儿 19.I think so 我认为是这样 20.be thirsty口渴 21.be hungry 饥饿 22.be stressed out 紧张 23.listen to mu

4、sic 听音乐 24.healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 25.traditional Chinese doctors传统中医 26.need to do sth 需要做某事 I have a toothache.I need to see a dentist.我牙痛,我需要去看牙医.We need to keep our classroom clean.我们需要保持教室的干净.27.a balance of yin and yang阴阳平衡 28.for example例如 2 29.too much yin 太多的阴,阴气太盛 too much+不可数名词 太多的 much

5、 too+形/副 实在太 极其，非常 too many+可数名词复数 太多的 30.be good for sth./doing sth.对什么有益，对什么有好处 be bad for sth./doing sth.对什么有害 be good to 对好 be good at=do well in 在方面好，擅长 be good(bad)for、be good at 的相关用法 1.be good for 对.有益 Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。2.be good at 擅长于.Li Ping is go

6、od at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。=Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。be good at=do well in 如：Im good at math.=I do well in math.我擅长于数学。3.be good to 对.好 Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。31.get good grades 取得好成绩 32.angry 用法 be angry with sb 生某人的气 I was angry with him for keep

7、ing me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。be angry at/about sth 就某事生气 33.Chinese medicine 中药 34.be popular in+some place 在某地很流行 Chinese medicine is now popular in many western countries.现在中药在许多西方国家受欢迎。35.in western countries 在西方国家 36.Its easy to do sth 做某事是容易的。Its important to do sth.做某事很重要。37.balanced diet平衡

8、饮食 38.get tired 感到疲倦 be/get tired 39.go out at night在晚上出去 When you are tired,you shouldnt go out at night.疲倦时，晚上你不该外出 40.stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health 41.at the moment此时，此刻=now Im not feeling very well at the moment 42.enjoy sth.=like sth.(名词)喜欢某物,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong

9、 sth enjoy oneself(myself,yourself,herself,himself,themselves,ourselves,itself 反身代词)玩得高兴，过得愉快=have a good time=have a wonderful time=have fun 43.conversation practice 会话练习 44.host family 寄宿家庭 45.have a lot of headaches经常疼痛 3 Im tired and I have a lot of headaches.我很疲劳，而且经常头痛。46.a few+可数名词复数 少许 a lit

10、tle+不可数名词/形/副 一点 47.He shouldnt eat anything=He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西.48.give sb some advice给某人建议 give advice 提出建议 advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议 He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时 50.take medicine 吃药 服药 I have to take me

11、dicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。二 固定结构 Its+形+for sb.+to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。Its important to do sth.做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的 三重点句子 1.Whats the matter?Whats the ma

12、ter with you?你怎么啦？=Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you?I have a cold/have a sore back/have a stomachache 2.Thats too bad.You should/shouldnt 那太糟糕了.你应该/不该 You should lie down and rest/drink hot tea with honey/see a dentist/see a doctor.He shouldnt eat anything=He should eat nothing.他不应当吃

13、任何东西.3.Im not felling well.这里 well 表示身体状况，不能用 good代替 I dont feel well=Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.4.When did it start?About two days ago.什么时候开始的？大约两天前 5.I hope you fell better soon.我希望你很快好起来 这里 better是 well 的比较级 6.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.传统中

14、医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。这里 to be healthy是动词不定式短语，作目的状语 7.You should eat hot yang foods,like beef.你应该吃一些像牛肉之类的阳性食物。8.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。9.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。too much后跟不可数名词，而too many后跟可数

15、名词复数 4 10.Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle,and its important to eat a balanced diet.有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。Its easy to do sth.做某事容易/Its important to do sth.做某事重要 11.You should rest for a few nights.你应该休息几个晚上 12.I study late every night,sometimes until 2 am,but I dont think Im improving.我每天晚上学到很

16、晚，有时到凌晨 2 点钟，但我认为我没有提高。13believe in 信任某人，强调品质，believe sb.相信某人的话 I believe him,but I cant believe in him.他的话是真的，但是我不信任他这个人。14.I have a toothache.I need to see a dentist.need 意思为“需要”，作实义动词时，后跟动词不定式，否定式为 dont/doesnt/didnt need(to do sth.)；作情态动词时，只能用于否定句或疑问句中，否定式为neednt(do sth.)，除有过去式外，没有其它的形态变化 四知识结构 1

17、.情态动词 should 的用法 should 是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为应该.。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg.You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。-I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。-You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。2maybe 与 may be 1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the ques

18、tion.也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA,too.他可能也来自美国。2.may be中的 may为情态动词，译为“可能是.”。如：He may be from the USA,too.他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师 3too many,too much与 much too 1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：There are too many students in our class.我们班上有太多的学生。2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数

19、名词。如：We have too much work to do.我们有太多的工作要做。3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：The box is much too heavy,so I cant carry it.箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。4 few、a few、little、a little 的区别和联系：1.few/a few 用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思，有几个。例如：He has few friends here,he feels lonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There are a few eggs

20、in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。2.little/a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。5 a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。例如：There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？5 notuntil 直到(否定句)才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词 She didnt leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up.=He didnt go shopping un

21、til/before he got up.until/till 直到（肯定句）动词为延续性动词 We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.一知识点：短语动词小结 常见短语动词结构有下面几种：1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜 这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动 词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放 在短语动词后。2.动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to

22、属于 这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。3.动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗尽 4.动词+名词(介词)如：take part in 参加 catch hold of 抓住 1.cheer(sb.)up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴 clean up 打扫 clean-up n.打扫 2.homeless adj.无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩 home n.家 4.sick adj.生病的 作表语、定语 ill adj.生病的 作表语，不能作定语 5.volunteer to

23、 do v.志愿效劳、主动贡献 volunteer n.志愿者 e up with 提出 想出=think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上 7.put off doing 推迟做某事 put on 穿上(指过程)put up 张贴 8.write down 写下 记下 9.call up 打电话 make a telephone call 打电话 10.set up 成立 建立 The new hospital was set up in 2000.这座医院是在 2000年成立的。11.each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与 of 连用 every 每个

24、 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与 of 连用 12.put to use 把 投入使用，利用 They put the new machine to use.他们把新机器投入使用 6 13.help sb.(to)do 帮助某人做某事 help him(to)study help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事 help him with English help do 帮助做某事 help study 14.plan to do 计划做某事 plan+从句 I plan to go to Beijing.=I plan(that)I will go to Beijing.

25、我计划去北京。15.spend doing 花费做 I spent a day visiting Beijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spend on sth.花费在 I spent 3 years on English.16.not only but(also)不但 而且 用来连接两个并列的成分 (1)引导以 not only but(also)开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。因此 Not only do I feel good but(also).是倒装句。也是说得要 把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：Not only can I do it but(also)I

26、 can do best.我不仅能做到而且做得最好。Not onlybut(also)接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如：Not only Lily but(also)you like cat.不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。Not only you but(also)Lily likes cat.不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。常见的就近原则的结构有：Neither nor即不也不(两者都不)Neither you nor I like him.我和你都不喜欢他。Either or 不是就是(两者中的一个)Either Lily or you are a student.Not

27、 only but(also)There be 17.join 参加(指参加团体、组织)如：join the Party 入党 take part in 参加(指参加活动)如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会 18.run out 与 run out of run out(become used up).其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本 身就含有被动意义。His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花光了。My patience has completely run out.我没有一点耐心了。Our time is running o

28、ut.我们剩下的时间不多了。run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。He is always running out of money before pay day.他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换 如：The petrol is running out.汽油快用完了=We are running out of petrol.我们快把汽油用完了。Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了。=We are running out of time 19.take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 be similar

29、 to 与.相像 take after 相像 7 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾 20.work out v.+adj.结局，结果为 The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的这个策略效果很好。算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）He never seems to be worked out.他好像永远不会疲乏似的。He worked out a plan.他制订了一个计划。I have worked out our total expenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用。21.hang out 闲荡

30、闲逛 I like to hang out at mall with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。22.be able to do 能 会 be unable to do 不能 不会 23.thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如：thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我 24.for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问 You dont have money.Thats for sure.你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。25.fill with 使充满 用填充 She filled the bowl with water.她用水填满碗。2

31、6.like prep.像 27.help sb.out 帮助做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)I cant work out this math problem.Please help me out.我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。28.train n.火车 train v.训练 train sb.to do.训练某人做某事 She trains her dog to fetch things.她训练她的狗去取东西。29.at once=right away 立刻 马上 如：Do it at once.马上去做。Ill go there at once/right away.我马上去那里。30

32、.one day 有一天(指将来/过去)some day 有一天(指将来)如：One day I went to Beijing.有一天我去了北京。Some day Ill go to Beijing.有一天我将去北京。31.specially adv.特意地 专门地 特别地 special adj.特别的 32.donation n.捐赠物 donate v.捐赠 赠送 33.part of speech 词性 词类 34.disabled adj.肢体有残疾的 disable v.不能 35.hand out 分发 hand out bananas give out 分发 give out

33、 sth to sb.分.给某人 give up doing 放弃 give up smoking 放弃吸烟 give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth.to.give away money to kids give sb.sth.给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱 give sth.to sb.给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线 36.volunteer 可数名词“志愿者”adj.自愿的 vi.volunteer to do sth They are the Chinese Peoples Volunteers.他们是中国人民志愿军。I vo

34、lunteer to help you.我自愿帮助你。8 37.no longer=not any longer 指时间上不再延续。no more=not any more 指动作上不再延续。二短语 1.clean up 清扫 2.give out 分发，发放 3.cheer up=makehappier 使.高兴，使.振作 4.after school study program 课外学习班 e up with=think up 提出，想出 6.put off 推迟 7.write down 写下，记下 8.put up 张贴 9.hand out 分发，发放 10.call up 打电话

35、11.ser up=establish 建立 12.be home to sb 是某人的家园 13.volunteer ones time to do sth 自愿花时间干.14.putto use 把.投入使用 15.elementary school 小学 16.plan to do sth 计划干.打算干 17.coach a football team for kids 训练少年足球队 18.start a Chinese History club 开办一个中国史俱乐部 19.run out of 用完，耗尽 20.take after 在性格或长相方面与父母相象 21.fix up

36、修理 22.give away 捐赠 23.be similar to 与.相似 24.ask for 索要 25.a call-in center for parents 家长热线 26.hang out 闲荡 27.put up signs asking for singing jobs 张贴寻求唱歌工作的广告 28.run out of money for singing lessons 学唱歌的钱用完了 29.disabled people 残疾人 30.for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问 31.fillwith.用.填充.be full of 装满了.32.help.out 帮助.

37、做事，解决难题（摆脱困境）33.a specially trained dog 一只经过特殊训练的狗 34.train sb to do sth 训练某人干.35.fetch my book 把我的书拿来 36.part of speech 词性 三句子 1We cant put off making a plan.Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。9 2She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre a

38、t her local elementary school.她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用 3Not only do I feel good about helping other people,but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。4The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school.这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。5.He a

39、lso put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.几米想出的这个办法很效。7He did a radio interview.他接受了电台的采访。8We need to come up with a plan.我们需要指定一个计划。9You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。10He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give

40、away to children who dont have bikes.他现在有 16 辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一重要词组及短语 1.Could you please do sth.?你能吗？/请你干好吗？2.do the chores 做杂务 3.do the dishes 洗餐具 4.sweep the floor 清扫地板 5.take out the trash 倒垃圾 6.make ones bed 铺床 7.fold ones clothes 叠衣服 8.

41、clean the living room 清扫客厅 9.stay out late 晚归 e over 过来 11.have a test 考试 12.get a ride 搭车 13.use ones computer 使用某人的电脑 14.hate sth./hate to do sth./hate doing sth.讨厌某事/做某事 like to do(doing)sth.15.do the laundry=do some washing=wash clothes 洗衣服 16.make breakfast/make dinner=do some cooking 做饭 17.was

42、h the car 刷车 18.work on 从事，忙于 work at 学习、致力于、在上下工夫 19.borrow some money 借一些钱 borrow sth.from sb.向某人借某物(借入)lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.借给某人某物(借出)You can borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱。10 Can you lend me your bike?你能借给我你的自行车吗？20.invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事 They invited me to join their

43、 club.他们邀请我参加俱乐部。invite sb to a place invite you to my party 21.go to the store 去商店 22.agree sb.to do sth.同意某人做某事 agree with sb.同意某人的意见 disagree sb.to do sth.不同意某人做某事 disagree with sb.不同意某人的意见 23.take care of=look after 照顾、照看、照料 take good care of=look after well 把照管得好 26.take sb.for a walk 带某人去散步 27

44、.play with sb.和某人玩 28.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(做过)（1）do,make 短语归类 do the dishes 洗餐具 do my homework 做我的家庭作业 do chores 做家务，处理琐事 do the laundry 洗衣 do the shopping 购物 do some reading 读书 make your bed 铺床 make breakfast 做早餐 make dinner 做晚饭 make tea 泡茶，沏茶 make a cup of coffee 冲一杯咖

45、啡（2）关于 to 的短语总结：have to do sth.不得不，必须做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事 hate to do sth.讨厌做某事 like to do sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想做某事 love to do sth.热爱做某事 forget to do sth.忘记做某事 start to do sth.开始做某事 begin to do sth.开始做某事 ask sb to do sth.请某人做某事 二重点句型 1.Could you please clean your room?Yes,sure./Sorry,I cant.

46、I have to do my homework first.2.Could I please use the car?Sure./Certainly./Of course./No,you cant.I have to go out.在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can,11 could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一

47、个概念。例：Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?作允答可以各种各样：如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes,(do)please.或 Of course.(you may/can).或 Thats OK/all right.如果不同意，可以说 Im sorry you cant.或 Im really sorry,but I have to use it today.要避免说 No,you cant.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。Unit4 Why dont you talk to your parent

48、s?一.重要词汇和句型 1.get (1)买 get sth.for sb.=get sb.sth.为某人买某物 Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping?=Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping?(2)得到,到达 Where did you get the book?When did you get the letter?He got home late last night.(3)使,让 get +宾语+宾补 使某人 某物 怎么样 Please get you coat cle

49、an.Get your mouth closed.get sb.to do sth.使某人 某物做某事 I got him to call Jim yesterday.(4)(逐渐)变得The weather gets warmer and days get longer.Why did the teacher get angry?2.how about what about 后跟名词 代词 动词 ing 形式。(1)向对方提出建议或请求 How about going out for a walk?How about something to eat?(2)向对方征求意见或看法 How ab

50、out the TV play?How about buying the house now?(3)询问天气或身体情况 How about the weather in Hainan Island?How about your parents?Are they living with you?(4)谈话中承接上下文 Im forty years old.How about you?Im from Beijing.How about you?3.receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday.receive