2020年高考英语热点内容专练九阅读理解11617.pdf

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1、 1 【命题趋势】1.考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。2.理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。3.信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。考试说明中根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。4.句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句

2、、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。5.体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现语言是文化的载体这一理念。【满分技巧】一、细节理解类题型 一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节、具体的内容构成的，所有这些信息以某种顺序（时间、空间、情感变化等）排列起来，来进一步解释或阐释主题，体现文章的主旨大意。细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力，属于表层理解题范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大，细节理解题多从文章的某个具体事实或细节出发来设计题目。此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问，也常使用下列方式来提问：1.Which

3、of the following statements is(not)true/correct?2.Which of the following is not mentioned?3.All of the following are true except.4.According to the passage,when/where/why/how/how/what/which,etc.?二、推理判断类题型 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层

4、理解题。热点 09 阅读理解 2 此类题的设问常常包括 infer,imply,suggest,conclude 等词，这类题的设问方式主要有：1.We can infer from the Passage that_.2.What can be inferred from the Passage?3.Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage?4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_.5.The author suggests in this paragraph that_.6.

5、The writer implies that_.7.It can be inferred that_.8.It can be concluded from the Passage that_.9.On the whole,we can conclude that_.10.From the text we can conclude that_.11.After reading the Passage we may conclude that_.12.What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage?13.The author is inclined t

6、o think that_.14.When the writer talks about,what he really means is that _.15.Whats the writers attitude/feeling towards.?16.In the writers opinion,.三、词义猜测类题型 阅读理解题中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思。历年英语高考题中均有此类题目，有的文章尽管没有专门设题，但由于文章中常常出现生词，因此，词义的猜测还是贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中。解这类题目一般是通过上下文去理解或根据构词法去猜测。判断一个单词的意思不但离不开句子，而且还需要把句子放

7、在上下文中，根据上下文提供的线索加以猜测。运用构词法,语境等推测关键词义。四、主旨大意类题型 主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力，提问的内容可能是全文的大意，也可能是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。怎样把握主旨大意题呢？通常有以下几种方法：（一）阅读文章的标题或副标题 文章的标题是一篇文章的题眼，通过阅读标题或副标题可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。（二）寻找文章的主题句 分析篇章结构，找出文章主题。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过仔细阅读短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主题句来归纳出文章的主题.若短文由若干段组成，除 3 仔细阅读第一

8、段的首句外，还须仔细阅读每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章的首句，有时也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用来说明和阐述主题句。因此，在确定文章的中心思想时，要求学生重视阅读文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常贯穿在全文中，因此要求学生综观全文，对段落的内容要融会贯通，对文章透彻理解后归纳总结。主题句的特点是：1.相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括；2.主题句一般结构简单；3.段落中其他句子必定是用来解释，支撑或发展主题句所表达的思想的。【热点话题】应用文广告类、记叙文人物故事类、说明文科技环保类、议论文社会现象类【限时检测】（建议用时：30 分钟）A（江西师范大学附

9、属中学 2019 届高三三模）话题：应用文，美国夏洛特市的文化活动 难度：建议用时：5 分 Our Annual Cultural Events A Night in Rio We are proud to bring the energy and enthusiasm of Brazilian Carnival to Charlotte with A Night in Rio!Get a taste of Carnival through dancing,live music,authentic food,drinks and marketplace.Put on your green an

10、d yellow,and join us for the unforgettable experience of Brazilian Carnival!Date:Saturday,February 24,2018 TICKETS AVAILABLE ONLY AT THE DOOR Location:Neighborhood Theatre,Charlotte Time:7 PM Ritmo&Sabor We are thrilled to bring the annual celebration Ritmo&Sabor Festival!Featuring dance performance

11、s and FREE dance lessons and delicious,authentic Latin cuisine,this festival will be a fantastic celebration for the entire family to enjoy!Food and beer will be available for purchase.Come out to enjoy a great summer evening of Ritmo&Sabor!Date:Saturday July 2,2018 Location:International&Cultural C

12、enter,Charlotte Time:511 PM FREE ADMISSION 4 Las Amricas Join us in the annual celebration LAS AMRICAS!We display our history and identity of Latin America through musical performances,story-telling and poetry.Enjoy yourself with local artists,shop your way through a market of arts and crafts and jo

13、in in some of the finest Latin American cuisine.Date:August 18,2018 Location:Midwood International&Culture Center,Charlotte Time:27 PM Admission is FREE.Latin American Festival Festival Latinoamericano returns for its 28th year,with musical artists and dance performances,a diverse authentic selectio

14、n of Latin American food,visual artists,and a street festival environment with activities for the whole family.Location:Symphony Park at South Park Mall,Charlotte Date:Saturday Sept.29(1-8pm)Admission:$10;Children aged 8&under are free.1.What does Ritmo&Sabor mainly provide?A.Music and visual art.B.

15、Food and beer.C.Dance and poetry.D.Dance and food.2.What can you do at Las Amricas?A.Buy some local crafts as souvenirs.B.Enjoy typical Latin American beer.C.Dance in green and yellow clothes.D.Watch local dancers performances.3.Which event requires a ticket for a seven-year-old child?A.Las Amricas.

16、B.Ritmo&Sabor.C.A Night in Rio.D.Latin American Festival.【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了美国夏洛特市一年一度的文化活动的相关信息。1.D【解析】细节理解题。由 Ritmo&Sabor 中的!Featuring dance performances and FREE dance lessons and delicious,authentic Latin cuisine.!可知，以舞蹈表演、免费舞蹈课和美味的正宗拉丁美食为特色。所以 Ritmo&Sabor 节主要提供的是舞蹈和食物。故 D 选项正确。5 2.A【解析】细节理解题。由

17、Las Amricas 中的 Enjoy yourself with local artists,shop your way through a market of arts and crafts and join in some of the finest Latin American cuisine.可知，与当地的艺术家一起狂欢，在艺术品和工艺品市场购物，享受最好的拉丁美洲美食。所以你能在 Las Amricas 节上购买一些当地工艺品作为纪念品。故 A 选项正确。3.C【解析】细节理解题。由 A Night in Rio 中的 TICKETS AVAILABLE ONLY AT THE

18、DOOR 可知，参加这个文化活动，需要门票。所以 A Night in Rio 要求 7 岁的孩子购票才可进入。故 C 选项正确。B（2019 天津耀华中学高考模拟）话题：记叙文，成长的烦恼 难度：建议用时：5 分 OK，I said to my daughter as she bent over her afternoon bowl of rice.Whats going on with you and your friend J.？J.is the leader of a group of third-graders at her camp-a position Lucy herself

19、occupied the previous summer?Now,shes the one on the outs and every day at snack time，she tells me all about it，while I offer the unhelpful advice all summer long.Shes fond of giving orders,Lucy complained.Shes turning everyone against me.Shes mean.And shes fat.Excuse me，I said，struggling for calm.W

20、hat did you just say？Shes fat.Lucy mumbled（含糊地说）.Were going upstairs，I said，my voice cold.Were going to discuss this.And up we went.Id spent the nine years since her birth getting ready for this day，the day wed have the conversation about this horrible word.I knew exactly what to say to the girl on

21、the receiving end of the teasing（取笑），but in all of my imaginings（想象的情况），it never once occurred to me that my daughter would be the one who used the F word-Fat.My daughter sat on her bed，and I sat beside her.How would you feel if someone made fun of you for something that wasnt your fault？I began.She

22、 could stop eating so much，Lucy mumbled，mouthing the simple advice a thousand doctors have given overweight women for years.its not always that easy，I said.Everyones different in terms of how they treat food.Lucy looked at me，waiting for me to go on.I opened my mouth，and then closed it.Should I tell

23、 her that，in teasing a womans weight，shes joined the long tradition of critics？Should I tell her I didnt cry when someone posted my picture and commented，Im sorry，but arent authors who write books marketed to young women supposed to be pretty？Does she need to know，now，that life isnt fair？I feel her

24、eyes on me，waiting for an answer I dont have.Words are my tools.Stories are my job.Its possible shell remember what I say forever，and I have no idea what to 6 say.So I tell her the only thing I can come up with that is absolutely true.I say to my daughter,I love you，and there is nothing you could ev

25、er do to make me not love you.But Im disappointed in you right now.There are plenty of reasons for not liking someone.What she looks like isnt one of them.Lucy nods，tears on her cheeks.I wont say that again，she tells me，and I pull her close，pressing my nose against her hair.As we sit there together，

26、I pray for her to be smart and strong.I pray for her to find friends，work she loves，a partner who loves her.And still，always，I pray that she will never struggle as Ive struggled，that weight will never be her cross to bear.She may not be able to use the word in our home，but I can use in my head.I pra

27、y that she will never get fat.4.The underlined sentence in Paragraph I indicates that Lucy _.A.often makes fun of her friend J.B.has turned against her friend J.C.gets along well with her friend J.D.has begun to compete with her friend J.5.Why does the author want to discuss with Lucy？A.Because she

28、wants to offer some other helpful advice.B.Because she has prepared the conversation for nine years.C.Because she is really shocked at Lucys rudeness.D.Because she decides to tell Lucy a similar story of her own.6.What does the author want her daughter to know？A.It is not easy to take the doctors ad

29、vice to eat less.B.People shouldnt complain because life is unfair.C.She herself was once laughed at for her appearance.D.People shouldnt be blamed for their appearance.7.It can be inferred from the passage that _.A.the author earns a living by writing stories B.the author is a fat but good-looking

30、woman C.the author predicted what would happen to her daughter D.the authors daughter agreed with her from the beginning 8.The authors attitude towards her daughter can be best described as _.A.satisfied and friendly B.indifferent but patient C.loving but strict.D.unsatisfied and angry 7【文章大意】本文属于记叙

31、文，在这个以瘦为美的世界里，你也许是个异类而被嘲笑、被排挤，从满怀期待到默然不语，一直尝试摆脱这一切却发现实属不易。这世上没有人能更爱你：一位胖母亲用自己的成长故事说出了对女儿的爱和期许。4.B【解析】推理判断题。根据Whats going on with you and your friend J?J.is the leader of a group of third-graders at her campa position Lucy herself occupied the previous summer.Now shes the one on the outs,作者询问女儿和 J 之间

32、发生了什么事，J 现在是夏令营领导，这个职位以前是 Lucy 的，得知 Lucy和 J 反目成仇了。选 B。5.C【解析】推理判断题。根据第二、三段 Shes fond of giving orders,Lucy complained.Shes turning everyone against me.Shes mean.And shes fat.Excuse me，I said，struggling for calm.What did you just say？Shes fat.得知 Lucy 抱怨 J.爱发号施令长得又肥又胖，听到这些作者感到出乎意料，没想到女儿会用肥胖这个粗鲁的词眼。因此选

33、 C。6.D【解析】细节理解题。根据 My daughter sat on her bed,and I sat beside her.How would you feel if someone made fun of you for something that wasnt your fault?得知作者想要告诉女儿：人们不应该因为外貌而被别人指责。选 D。7.A【解析】推理判断题。根据 Words are my tools.Stories are my job.得知作者是靠写作谋生的。选 A。8.C【解析】推理判断题。通过作者和女儿的对话，可知作者深爱女儿但是又严格要求自己的女儿。选 C。C

34、（天津市宝坻一中 2019 届高三第三次模拟）话题：说明文，消极思想对人的不利影响和培养积极思想的方法策略 难度：建议用时：5 分 Apart from psychological illness，we are all largely responsible for our own emotional health.What we say to ourselves over and over for days,weeks,months，and sometimes years,has a great effect on how we see ourselves.This also contrib

35、utes to many mental health disorders.Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds,but if youre buried in them and believe them,they could be wearing your sense of self-esteem.Here are a few beliefs that indicate you may need to switch the channel：Im not good en

36、ough?/I dont deserve.?/No one likes me?/Im a failure?Negative thoughts remind you of your bad feelings and they bring your focus on your failures,and they get you nowhere.What can you do?Here are some suggestions：Switch the channel when negative thoughts appear.Self-talk is not so obvious that we of

37、ten dont notice its effect on our mood and belief systems.Key things to notice are if only or what if statements:the 8 former keeps you caught in the past with regret,while the latter keeps you fearful of the future.There is nothing you can do about the past,and the future isnt here yet,so stay in t

38、he present moment.Recognize that actions always follow beliefs.Youll find yourse lf behaving in ways that are consistent to your beliefs.So,start believing the best about yourself：act as if you believe that youre a valuable and worthy person.Develop positive self-talk rather than negative self-talk.

39、Instead of always looking down upon yourself in your head,think of some things you actually like about yourself.What are your strengths?What are you good at?Instead of saying Im a loser，try saying，I am capable./Im good at./I accept myself the way I am.Thinking poorly about ourselves gets us nowhere

40、and is extremely self-limiting.Decide today to turn off the negative self-talk channel in your mind and develop your true potential.9.From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _.A.lots of people have no sense of self-esteem B.focusing on negative thoughts may have bad effect on people C.negati

41、ve thoughts will strengthen our sense of self-esteem D.few people have negative thoughts and mental problems 10.The underlined word wearing in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.A.strengthening B.protecting C.weakening D.replacing 11.What do the suggestions in the text tell us?A.Our beliefs alwa

42、ys come after actions.B.Positive self-talk does good to our mental health.C.Looking down upon ourselves is a sign of modesty.D.What ifkeeps you stuck in the past with regret.12.The text encourages us to _.A.get rid of negative thoughts B.get anywhere we like C.think highly of others D.turn off the s

43、elf-talk channel 13.This text is most likely to appear in _.A.a recreation guide B.a medical journal C.a science textbook D.a travel brochure【文章大意】本文属于说明文，主要讲述消极思想对人的不利影响，以及培养积极的思想的方法策略。9.B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的 What we say to ourselves over and over for days，weeks，9 months，and sometimes years，has a gr

44、eat effect on how we see ourselves.This also contributes to many mental health disorders.以及第二段中的 Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds 可以判断出，消极的思想会对人产生不利的影响，故答案为 B。10.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词前后的内容 Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the ch

45、annel of our minds,but if youre buried in them and believe them 可知，这里指的是消极的思想可能会减弱人们的自尊感（sense of self-esteem）。故 wearing 在此与 weakening 的意思最接近，表示 减弱，故选 C。11.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 What can you do?Here are some suggestions：以及文章最后四段的内容可推知，积极的自我暗示对我们的心理有益，故 B 项正确。12.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段 What can you do?Here are s

46、ome suggestions：可知，本文告诉我们消极思想的危害以及避免消极思想的方法，故选 A。13.B【解析】推理判断题。由于本文主要说明的是消极思想和积极思想对人们所产生的影响，故本文最有可能出现在医学杂志上，选 B。D(2019 年安徽省合肥市第六中学最后一卷)话题：说明文，电子产品噪音的危害 难度：建议用时：5 分 More than one billion young people risk damaging their hearing through the overuse of smartphones and other audio devices,the UN warned

47、Tuesday,proposing new safety standards for safe volume levels.Currently,about five percent of the global population,or some 466 million people,including 34 million children,suffer from disabling hearing loss.Young people are particularly likely to develop such risky listening habits.Around half of t

48、hose between the ages of 12 and 35,or 1.1 billion people,are at risk due to long and severe exposure to loud sounds,including music they listen to through personal audio devices,the UN health agency said.In a bid to safeguard hearing,the World Health Organization and International Telecommunications

49、 Union issued an international standard for the manufacture and use of audio devices.WHO considers a volume above 85 decibels for eight hours or 100 decibels for 15 minutes as unsafe.The safe listening devices and systems standard calls for a sound allowance software to be included in all audio devi

50、ces,to track the volume level and duration of a users exposure to sound,and to evaluate the risk posed to their hearing.This system could alert a user if they have dangerous listening habits.WHO is also calling for parental as well as automatic volume controls on audio devices to prevent dangerous 1