如何有效的提高托福阅读成绩.docx

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1、如何有效的提高托福阅读成绩 面对托福阅读这一个问题，你想到了有效的提高的方法了吗?现在学习啦就带你一起去看看有效的提高托福阅读成果的方法。 如何有效的提高托福阅读成果 在考托福阅读的时候先读完全文再做题?这是没有必要的;那么是不读文章干脆看题目，然后回到原文当中来找寻对应点么?其实也不对。因为许多人对于原文的理解达不到考试的要求。 对于托福口语和托福写作两项表现不佳的国内学生来说，托福的阅读和听力假如不拿到27分以上话，想拿到托福100分是真的很有难度的。 在考托福阅读的时候先读完全文再做题?这是没有必要的;那么是不读文章，干脆看题目，然后回到原文当中来找寻对应点么?其实这样也不对。因为许多人

2、对于原文的理解达不到考试的要求。对于托福阅读来说，最好的方式，就是读一段做几个题，然后发觉涉及到其次段的内容的时候，再起先读其次段，当读完其次段的时候，再回头来做几个题，而且做每道题的时候，都肯定要回到原文当中，来比照原文才能进行选择，而不是依据记忆来进行选择。 不过这并不意味着，我们不须要很细致的理解原文。恰恰相反，托福阅读的重中之重，就是对于原文的理解，不过很惋惜的是，许多托福考友，要么沉醉于大量做题无法自拔，要么沉迷于技巧，希望技巧解决一切。事实上，单词量是阅读的基础，在达到足够词汇量的前提后，通过比照翻译的练习，对正文进行深层次的细致理解，明确文章背后隐藏的实际含义，同时通过加大习题量

3、提升自己的做题及阅读速度，三管齐下，方能切实地提高阅读成果 那么单词可以解决一切么?应当也不会，但是但此时解决一切的起先。当我们把单词这一关过了之后，就可以进入今日所想探讨的范围了，就是细致性的理解。 当我们说到理解的时候，许多考友总是在说，我理解了，但是就是做不对题。简洁来说，这是不行能的事情，因为托福考试考的就是你的理解，假如你理解了，但是做不对题，那么只有2种可能，1 你单纯的是因为做题少，不理解托福考试的思路，但是者最多也就是能让你1篇文章错2-3道出了单词题之外的其他题目，而且其他2篇文章最多错1道题。假如多于此的话，那就很有可能是第2种可能，也就是并没有真正的理解。当然，还有第3种

4、可能，也就是查单词之前，没理解，查单词之后才理解了。 其实简洁来说，假如做了5套TPO阅读之后，仍旧不能让自己稳定在27分以上的话，那么其实就是在理解上有问题了。那么，理解，究竟要理解到什么层面呢?今日 略微翻译一段，你体会一下。 原文：A symbiotic relationship is an interaction between two or more species in which one species lives in or on another species. There are three main types of symbiotic relationships: pa

5、rasitism, commensalism, and mutualism. The first and the third can be key factors in the structure of a biological community; that is, all the populations of organisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area. 文学化翻译版：共生是物种之间的一种交互作用，其中一个物种必需依靠另外一个物种以生存。共生关系共有三种类型：寄生、共栖和互惠共生。其中

6、第一种和第三种是一个生物群落构成的关键要素。所谓生物群落，指的是在某个特定区域内，全部生物体共同生存并且相互影响。 细致理解版(括号内为讲解)：共生关系其实是2种，或者2种以上的物种的一种相互作用(也就是2个，或者多个生物须要基情的生活在一起)，在这样一种共生关系之中，其中的一种生物必需住在另外一种生物的体内或者体表。主要有3种共生关系：大P，大C，和大M( 也不懂他们之间的差别是什么-_-)。第一个(大P)和第三个(大M)是这样一种生物学群体结构之中的最关键的(也就是大P和大M是生物群体之中最为常见的，这也就是说大C出现的是最少的，最不着老爷和太太待见的);这也就是说，全部生物体都住在一起，

7、而且很有可能在一个特定的区域生活在一起(哦!原来这句话是在说明biological community生物群落，究竟是什么意思的)。 到细致理解版这个层面，这个理解才算是到位的，才是可以做对题目的，前面的文学化翻译版翻译的都对，但是你总是隐隐隐约的感觉缺少一点什么。而我们假如想在阅读里面取得高分的话，就肯定要达到细致理解版这个层面才行。单词不相识怎么破?接着背单词!阅读速度慢怎么破?做题多了之后，速度自然就快了。时间来不及了怎么破? 想要取得托福阅读高分必备的三种实力 想在托福阅读中取得好的成果，多阅读背景学问文章，可以了解背景学问，可借此机会熟识学科常用词汇。 想要取得托福阅读的高分总的来讲

8、须要这三种实力：信息定位实力、速读理解实力、研读整理实力。在平常要多留意阅读自然科学、人文科学、艺术、商务等学科的文章，练习熬炼这三种实力。 想在托福阅读中取得好的成果，那么你要了解托福阅读考试机制。在托福阅读中，一般选材会涉及自然科学(天文、地质、生物学等)、人文和社会科学(文学、历史、人类学、社会学等)以及艺术和商务等学科领域。多阅读这些文章，一方面可以了解相关的常识和背景学问，同时可借此机会熟识不同学科的常用词汇。 一、信息定位实力 练习快速扫描，在文章或段落中定位并查找重要的事实和信息，包括主题信息、概念名称、日期、地点和数字等。常常反复地练习，可以提高阅读的速度和流利程度。 二、速读

9、理解实力 1 在驾驭语法学问(如：语句结构、代词等)以后，应采纳各种手段，努力扩大词汇量，扫除阅读中存在的生字障碍。 2 练习速读，训练通过快速阅读而非逐句细读发觉文章主旨的实力。托福阅读考试的选材，从文体角度看，大多是说明体和争论体的正式书面语文章。其语篇模式一般为导言、主题、支撑、结论四部分，并且每一段落的开头常可发觉主题句。 依据英语语篇的上述特点，阅读时留意文章的首尾段落以及每一段落的起先一、二句话，常有助于快速发觉所读内容的主旨。同时，留意语篇中一些具有语义提示作用的信息词和短语(见漫谈六)，对于重要信息的快速查找和定位也是有帮助的。 3 还可以依据托福考试的题型有针对性地进行一些练

10、习，包括就文章中出现的代词(he， they， that， these， it， one， others等)，找出它们所指代的名词;依据文章供应的信息，练习推理、预料和归纳结论的实力;选择阅读中遇到的生字，依据前后语句所供应的上下文线索揣测字义，例如： Everyone faces times when one goal or another has to come first; deciding which goals are most important is setting priorities.(依据语句结构，划线单字的意义由is提示是指the most important goals

11、) A skyscraper， or building more than twenty stories high， is built on a foundation of concrete supported by piles driven into the ground.(句中or在这里表示“或者说”，提示划线单字的意义为building more than twenty stories high) Unlike her gregarious sister， Jane is a shy， unsociable person who does not like to go to partie

12、s or to make new friends. (从Unlike所表示的比照关系，可以确定划线单字的意义正是shy， unsociable的反面，即sociable， friendly) In spite of the fact that the beautiful egret is in danger of dying out completely， many clothing manufacturers still offer handsome prices for their long， elegant tail feathers， which are used as decorat

13、ions on ladies hats.(从全句的意思，特殊是描述其特征的feathers等词，可推断划线单字是指a type of bird) 三、研读整理实力 1 训练阅读除须要培育理解文章含义和增加查找信息的实力外，还应适当留意所读材料的组织结构及写作手法，例如：该文章的组织方式可能是比较比照、分类、因果等，某个例子在阐述过程中有何作用。这有助于理解把握文章内涵和归纳概括内容提要。 2 练习概括提要，区分主要与次要内容。对于描述过程的文章，可练习按依次总结步骤，写出提要。若文章涉及信息分类，可尝试制作图表并将相关内容分类排列。虽然新托福考试并不要求自己设计分类图表，但这项练习有助于加强信

14、息整理的意识，可以帮助考生更快适应此类题型。见下例： Scholars opinion about why L. cave dwellers hid their art(学者关于L.洞居民为何躲藏其艺术发表的观点) Reasons to substantiate this opinion (证明此观点的理由) Reasons to disprove this opinion (反证此观点的理由) 3 依据提要或图表对阅读内容进行口头或书面的总结概述，以协作口语和写作部分综合型考题的须要。 4 选取句子或段落练习释义解述(paraphrase)。一方面，阅读测试包含考查对解述语句的辨识实力;此外

15、，在口语和写作部分的综合型考题中也须要运用此项技能。 托福阅读真题练习1 The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of centuries from town economies to their present urb

16、an structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century. In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are now New England and Middle Atlantic states in th

17、e United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were imported. Merchandising establishments were, accordin

18、gly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other cities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, thes

19、e cities increased in importance. This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isolation and the economic self-sufficiency of the pl

20、antations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest factors in the selection of plantation land was t

21、he desire to have its front on a water highway. When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorded a city of over one million. It was not until af

22、ter 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865). 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Euro

23、pe. (B) The evolution of cities in North America (C) Trade between North American and European cities (D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England. 2. The word they in line 4 refers to (A) North American colonies (B) cities (C) centuries (D) town economies 3.

24、The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following? (A) Their economic success (B) The type of merchandise they exported (C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements (D) The pace of their development 4. The word accordingly in line 1

25、1 is closest in meaning to (A) as usual (B) in contrast (C) to some degree (D) for that reason 5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to (A) an abundance of natural resources (B) financial support from colonial governmen

26、ts (C) proximity to parts of Europe (D) a favorable climate 6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe? (A) Manufacturing equipment (B) Capital goods (C) Consumer goods (D) Raw materials 7. According to th

27、e passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the (A) location of the plantations (B) access of plantation owners to shipping (C) relationships between plantation residents and city residents (D) economic self-sufficiency of the pla

28、ntations 8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern cities were (A) more prosperous (B) smaller (C) less economically self-sufficient (D) tied less closely to England than to France 9. The word recorded in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) imagi

29、ned (B) discovered (C) documented (D) planned 10. The word drawing in line 28 is closest in meaning to (A) attracting (B) employing (C) instructing (D) representing 11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a time of (A) significant obstacles to industrial

30、growth (B) decreased dependence on foreign trade (C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms (D) increased migration from northern states to southern states 答案：BBDDC DCBCA C 托福阅读真题练习2 PASSAGE 20 (25) In seventeenth-century colonial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in th

31、e fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the ston

32、ework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire. Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney. On these rested the ends of a lug pole from which pots

33、were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, i

34、t was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from. Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the ov

35、en faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of oven wood, consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls were extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread do

36、ugh was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked. Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron bake kettle, which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is said to have worked well when it was placed in the firepl

37、ace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid. 1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss? (A) methods of baking bread (B) fireplace cooking (C) the use of iron kettles in a typical kitchen (D) the types of

38、 wood used in preparing meals 2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate (A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces (B) that they served diverse functions (C) that they were usually larger than northeastern fireplaces (D) how

39、they were safer than northeastern fireplaces 3. The word scorched in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) burned (B) cut (C) enlarged (D) bent 4. The word it in line 6 refers to (A) the stonework (B) the fireplace opening (C) the mantel tree (D) the rising column of heat 5. According to the passage ,

40、 how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century? (A) By placing the pot directly into the fire (B) By putting the pot in the oven (C) By filling the pot with hot water (D) By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire 6. The word obtain in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) maintain

41、(B) reinforce (C) manufacture (D) acquire 7. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug pole? (A) It was made of wood not readily available. (B) It was difficult to move or rotate. (C) It occasionally broke. (D) It became too hot to touch. 8. It can be

42、 inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, oven wood produced (A) less smoke (B) more heat (C) fewer embers (D) lower flames 9. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT: (A) It was used to heat the kitchen every day. (B) It was built as par

43、t of the main fireplace. (C) The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney. (D) It was heated with maple sticks. 10. According to the passage , which of the following was an advantage of a bake kettle? (A) It did not take up a lot of space in the fireplace. (B) It did not need to be tight

44、ly closed. (C) It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven. (D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time. 答案：BCACD DCBAA 如何有效的提高托福阅读成果本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第22页 共22页第 22 页 共 22 页第 22 页 共 22 页第 22 页 共 22 页第 22 页 共 22 页第 22 页 共 22 页第 22 页 共 22 页第 22 页 共 22 页第 22 页 共 22 页第 22 页 共 22 页第 22 页 共 22 页