初三英语下册四五单元提纲9504.pdf

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1、四单元提纲 1.Have you finished your English homework yet,Brian?你已经完成英语作业了吗，布莱恩？变疑问：Has he finished his homework yet?yet 用在疑问句中表“已经”。变否定：He hasnt finish his homework yet.yet 用在否定句中表“(迄今)还，尚”。Last time I saw him he was yet a poor man.yet 用在肯定句中表“仍然，还”。2.I havent decided which one to write yet.我还没决定写哪一个。特殊疑

2、问词+to do 名词性结构，可做宾语，表语，主语等 3.Compared with poems,stories usually have longer passages.和诗比起来，故事通常有较长的章节。compared with 过去分词短语做状语，和主语成被动关系 compare A with/to B 把 A 与 B 作比较 Lets compare a story with/to a pare A to B 把 A 比作 B We compare the young to the sun.4.Every story must have a beginning,a middle and

3、 an end.每个故事必须有一个开始，中间和结尾。must 情态动词 必须，表示责任或义务-Must I clean all the rooms?-Yes,you must./No,you neednt/dont have to.肯定，一定，表示推测 He must be ill.He looks so pale.mustnt 禁止，不允许 We mustnt use electricity in the shower or bathtub.It may hurt us.5.Although a poem has fewer words,its not always easier to wr

4、ite.虽然诗歌用词较少，但写起来不总是容易的。although=though 虽然；尽管 引导让步状语从句，与 but 不能同时出现 Although/Though he was ill,he tried to study.6.Sometimes writing less takes more effort than writing more.有时少些比多些须付出更多的努力。effort n.U,C 精力；努力 take more effort 付出更多的精力 make an effort to do sth.努力做某事=make efforts to do sth.=try to do s

5、th.7.This kind of poem always talks about a single topic.single adj.单一的；单独的 a single bed 单人床 a single ticket 单程票 a single room 单人房间 a single mother 单亲妈妈 8.Each line has a set number of words.each“每一个”，做主语时谓语用三单，做同位语时谓语用复数形式。Each of us has an English book.=We each have an English book.(each 做同位语)a se

6、t number of+名复 “一定数量的”，谓语用复数 A set number of famous Chinese songs were sung during the concert.a number of+名复，指“若干，许多”谓语用复数 the number of+名复 指“.的数量”谓语用单数 9.Lets look at another two poems as examples.another 又一个，再一个 another+数字（1）+可名复=数词+more+可名复 another three poems=three more poems another +可名单=one m

7、ore+可名单 another poem=one more poem 10.Express a thought or a feeling about your topic in four words.express v.表达 expression n.表达 express sth.to sb.向某人表达某事 He expressed his love to his country.express oneself 表达自己的想法和观点 Young children cant express themselves clearly.11.When he was cutting wood beside

8、 a lake,he lost his axe in the water.当他在湖边砍柴时，他的斧子掉到了水里。过去进行时：过去某一时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态 构成:主语+was/were+doing 时间状语:then,at that time,at 5:00 yesterday,when 引导的时间状语从句 I was helping my sister with her homework at that time.12.He had only an axe,and he needed it to make his living.他只有一把斧子，他需要靠他来谋生。make a/ones

9、 living(by doing sth).“(以某种方式)谋生”When he was young,he made his living by selling newspapers.make up 化妆；弥补；编造 make money 挣钱 make sure 确保 make a decision 做决定 make a mistake 犯错误 make progress 取得进步 13.The spirit dove into the lake and brought back a gold axe.小精灵潜入湖中,带回了一把斧子。dive-dove/dived-dived v.跳水，俯冲

10、 dive into.“跳入.中；潜入”The swimmer dived/dove into the river to save the girl.bring back 带回；还回；使记起（代中）All library books must be brought back before June 30.14.Because he was honest,he admitted to the spirit that it wasnt his axe.因为他诚实，所以他向精灵承认那不是他的斧子。admit-admitted-admitted v.承认；赞同 admit to sb.that 从句“

11、向某人承认.”The boy admitted to his parents that he was wrong.admit sth.to sb.向某人承认某事 The student admitted his mistakes to his teacher.admit(to)doing sth.承认做了某事 She admits(to)being strict with her children.15.The spirit went down a third time and returned with the woodcutters old axe.精灵又一次潜下去，带着樵夫的旧斧子回到水

12、面。a/an+序数词“又一，再一”He has seen the film three times,but he wants to see it a fourth time.(再一次)the+序数词”表示按顺序排列的“第”16.The spirit was so happy with the woodcutters honesty that she gave him the other two axes as presents.精灵对樵夫的诚实非常满意，以致把其他两把斧子作为礼物送给了他。be happy with/about (对某人或某事)满意的，放心的 Im not happy with

13、 his work this term.我对他这学期的表现不满意。拓：be sorry for 对感到抱歉、遗憾、后悔”,后加名词、代词、动名词 honest adj.诚实的 honesty n.诚实 to be honest 老实说 17.Once upon a time,there was a large,lovely garden.从前，有一个大而美丽的花园。一般过去时的标志：once upon a time =a long time ago/long long ago 很久以前 18.The giant cried in a loud voice.巨人大声地喊道。in a loud v

14、oice 大声地 in a low voice 低声地 They are chatting in a loud voice.He told me the news in a low voice.19.They ran away and dared not come back.他们跑开了而且不敢回来了。run away 逃跑；跑开 run away from 从逃跑 run-ran-run running dare+动词原形,情态动词“敢”,用于否定句和疑问句 Dare you tell her the truth?Tom dare not go into the haunted house(鬼

15、屋).dare to do 敢于做某事(实义动词 dared-dared,daring)I dare to tell her the truth.Tom doesnt dare to go into the haunted house.20.The poor children no longer had a place to play.可怜的孩子们再也没有玩的地方了。no longer/more 不再 The choice is no longer/more in their hands.not any longer/more 不再 She doesnt live here any longe

16、r/more.21.Summer turn to fall and fall turn to winter.从夏到秋，从秋到冬。turn to 变成；转向，翻到；求助于 22.The green grass was covered with snow,and the cold winds kept the birds away.青草被雪覆盖，寒风赶走了鸟。be covered with 被覆盖 cover with 用覆盖 The wound cant be covered with paper.Dont cover the wound with paper.keep away （使）离开 k

17、eep/stay away from 远离 23.Birds were flying about.Children were running about.鸟儿在到处飞，孩子们在到处跑。about:adv.到处；处处；各处 fly about；run about；walk about 大约；左右=around There are about/around 30 musicians in the hall.prep.关于；对于/on(比较专业)a book about/on flowers 24.“I will knock down the wall!”he said to himself.“我将

18、把墙推倒”他自言自语说。knock v.敲，敲打 knock at/on sth.敲.Can you hear somebody knocking at/on the door?knock down 击倒；撞倒；拆毁 代中原则 She was running after the ball when a car knocked her down.Its a pity that the old house was knocked down.25.He was trying to reach up to the spreading branches of a tree.他正努力向上够树上伸展的枝条。

19、spread v.spread-spread-spread The bird spread its wings.张开；展开；The disease spreads easily.传播 The fire was spreading quickly in the city.蔓延 26.At once the tree broke out in blossom.树马上就开花了。break out(break-broke-broken)(战争/火灾)爆发 World War broke out in 1939.blossom v.开花，开放 Most flowers blossom in spring

20、.n.开花，开放 break out in blossom n.怒放 27.The little boy stretched out with his arms,put them around the giants neck and kissed him.小男孩伸出了他的手臂，抱住了巨人的脖子并亲了他。stretch out 伸出；伸开；伸直 28.Along with them came the spring.春天随之而来。介词提前时，句子用倒装。=The spring came along with them.along with 和一起；随着(修饰主语，谓语动词与真正的主语保持一致)与

21、with，together with，along with，as well as 用法一样，遵循就远原则。Lucy,together with her friends,goes to school by bus.29.Ever since then,the giants garden has been a childrens playground.从那时起，巨人的花园就成了孩子的游乐场。ever since then 从那时起；从那以后(与现在完成时连用)=since then Ever since then,we have been friends.自从那时起我们就是朋友。30.Which

22、do you prefer to write,poems or stories?你更喜欢写那个,诗还是故事？prefer-preferred-preferred v.更喜欢 prefer to do=prefer doing 更喜欢做某事 I preferred to drink tea in the past.=I preferred drinking tea in the past.我过去更喜欢喝茶。prefer A to B 比起 B,更喜欢 A She prefers tea to coffee.比起咖啡来，她更喜欢茶。prefer doing A to doing B 比起做 B,更

23、喜欢做 A I prefer drinking tea to drinking coffee.比起喝咖啡来，我更喜欢喝茶。prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做 A 也不愿意做 B He prefers to stay at home rather than go out.他宁愿待在家也不愿意出去。31.I think a good story must have great characters and an interesting plot.我认为一个好故事必须有好的角色和有趣的故事。character n.角色；性格；特点 I want to play t

24、he character of the King.(角色)She has a quiet character.(性格)The whole character of the school has changed.(特点)32.At the beginning,I was afraid to try writing a poem.起初，我不敢尝试写诗歌。at/in the beginning “开始时;起初”,相当于 at first,强调开始的时间和起点。They were cheerful in/at the beginning.at the beginning of.在.的开始 A poli

25、ceman stood at the beginning of the street.33.But its too hard to write.但是它太难写了。too adj./adv.to do 太.以至于不能.他太小了以至于不能去上学。（3 种）He is too young to go to school.=He is so young that he cant go to school.（结果状语）=He isnt old enough to go to school.too.to do=so.that+(否定)句子=.not.enough to do sth.34.Then my t

26、eacher encouraged me to write a humorous poem because I am always saying funny things.后来，老师鼓励我写幽默的诗，因为我总是说一些有趣事情。humorous adj.幽默的；风趣的 humorously adv.幽默地 humor n.风趣；幽默 a sense of humor 幽默感 35.Then my teacher encouraged me to write a humorous poem because I am always saying funny things.后来，老师鼓励我写幽默的诗，

27、因为我总是说一些有趣的事情。be always doing 总是做某事 always 用于进行时，表示某种思想、情绪或者行为 反复发生，且含有不满，厌恶，烦躁，感叹等感情色彩。You are always making troubles！你总是找麻烦？！She is always telling lies.她总是撒谎。36.过去进行时：1.定义:表示在过去的某一时刻或某一段时间内进行或发生的动作。肯：He was reading fables at this time yesterday.否：He wasnt reading fables at this time yesterday.一般疑问

28、句：Was he reading fables at this time yesterday?特殊疑问句：What was he doing at this time yesterday?2.构成:肯:主语+was/were+doing 否:主语+was/were+not+doing 一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+doing 3.用法:表示在过去的某个时间点发生的事情。时间点如:at 9:00 yesterday;at this time last night;when he came in;at that moment When the telephone rang,we was ha

29、ving breakfast.某段时间内持续进行的动作或事情。时间状语如 from nine to ten last evening,或与 when,while,as 连接的时间状语从句 I was doing my homework from seven to nine last night.What was he doing all day last Sunday?在复合句中，如果主从句的动作同时发生，都用过去进行时 I was doing my homework while he was reading a newspaper.看具体语境 I didnt notice you becau

30、se I was answering a call.37.must 用法 1.表必须 We must do everything carefully.2.在否定句中表示不许,严禁 Cars mustnt be parked here,or the drivers will be fined.3.表示肯定推测，用在肯定句中，意为“一定”，“准是”You must be tired after the long walk.25-27 课提纲 1.experiment n.试验，实验 一个实验 an experiment experiments pl.做实验：do/make/carry out an

31、 experiment v.做实验 experiment on/with sth.2.turn.upside down=turn over 把.翻转/倒过来 拓展：turn on 打开，发动 turn off 关掉，切断 turn up 调大，出现 turn down 关小，拒绝 turn into 变成，进入 turn around 转身，转变 3.take.off.把.从.拿开 take off 脱下，起飞 4.pour v.倒出，倾倒，倾诉 pour out 涌出 5.correct adj.正确的，恰当的 反义词：incorrect 副词：correctly 拓展：correct v.

32、改正，矫正 6.scientific method 科学的方法 scientific adj.科学的 science n.科学 scientist n.科学家 method n.方法，办法 a method of/for(doing)sth.（做）某事的方法 method=way n.方法；办法 in this way=by this method 用这种方法 7.force（n）力量，武力，暴力 the force of.的力量 force v.迫使，强迫 force sb.to do sth.迫使某人做某事 8.conclude v.总结 conclude.from.从.推断 conclu

33、sion n.总结 make/draw a conclusion 做总结 9.Fill the dish half full with water.倒半碟水。half full with water 是形容词短语，在句中做状语，表伴随状态。10.lighter n.打火机；点火器 light v.点燃-lit/lighted-lit/lighted She lighted/lit the candle just now.n.光线 U 电灯C The tree needs much more light.adj.浅色的；轻的；明亮的 I like light blue./Its as light

34、 as feather.11.match n.火柴；C matches v.相称；相配 这个小女孩靠卖火柴为生。The girl made her living by selling matches.新衬衫和我的裙子很相配。The new blouse matches my skirt very well.12.use up“用尽；耗光”（代中原则）=run out of 我借了一些钱，但是我很快把它花光了。I borrowed some money,but I used it up quickly.他已筋疲力尽。He has used up all his energy.拓展：eat up

35、吃光 burn up 烧尽 give up 放弃 pick up 捡起；开车接送;偶然间学会；去取回 take up 开始从事 bring up 培养 end up 结束 dry up 干涸 13.rise-rose-risen-rising vi.上升；升起 太阳每天东升西落。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.价格正在快速上涨。Prices are rising rapidly.raise-raised-raised v.抬起；使升起;筹集;养育 He raised his hand to answer the

36、question.14.far 在该语境中译为“深，高（的程度）”how far 翻为“多高”They walked far into the forest.他们走到森林深处。常见用法：how far “多远”对距离进行提问 答语：Its+距离（from+地点）或 ten minutes walk 从你家到银行有多远？两千米。/8 分钟路程。-How far is it from your home to the bank?-Its two kilometers./Eight minutes walk.15.分数表达法：分子基，分母序。分子大 1，分母+s.分母若是 2 和 4，half,qu

37、arter 可代替。1/3 one third 3/5 three fifths 3/4 three quarters 已经完成三分之二的工作了。Two thirds of the work has been finished.我们班五分之三的学生是男生。Three fifths of the students in our class are boys.16.be made up of 由.组成 Our class is made up of three groups.我们班是由 70 名学生组成的。拓：make up 组成；编造;化妆 be made of 由.制成(看出原材料)The d

38、oor is made of wood.be made from 由.制成(看不出原材料)Paper is made from wood.17.solar system 太阳系 solar adj.太阳的;有关太阳的 solar energy/power 太阳能 18.look through 从.中看;透过.看去 他正透过门上的洞看。He is looking through the hole in the door.He looks through his notes before exams.浏览；快速查看 19.turn.around.使.翻过来；翻转 请把书翻过来。Please tu

39、rn the book around.20.I cant hear it clearly.Turn it up.调大声音 Its too noisy.Turn it down.调小声音 Its time for the news.Please turn on the TV.打开 Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.关闭 21.join 参加；加入(指成为某个团体、组织中的一员)join in/take part in 指参与某项活动 汤姆想加入篮球队。Tom wants to join the baskeball team.他经常参

40、加学校的活动。He often joins in/takes part in school activities.join the Party 入党 join the army 参军 22.unless conj.除非（引导条件状语从句）unless=if.not 除非你努力学习，否则你不会成功的。You cant succeed unless you work hard.23.double adj.双倍的;两倍的 a double room/bed 双人间/床 他今天做了两份工作。He did double work today.double n.双倍；两倍 4 是 2 的两倍。Four i

41、s the double of two.double adv.两倍地；双倍地 请把衣服对折一下。Please fold the clothes double.24.worth adj.值得.的;价值是.不能作定语，常与 be 动词构成系表结构 be worth+n.值.这辆小汽车值 20 万美元。This car is worth two hundred thousand yuan.be worth doing sth.某事值得做（主动表被动）这本书值得阅读。This book is worth reading.注意：worth 常用 well,really,much 等来修饰，不能用 too

42、,very,quite 等副词来修饰。25.even if/though 即使，虽然 （引导让步状语从句）即使你已经通过了考试，也应该像往常一样去努力。You should study hard as usual even if you have passed the exam.even if 不和 but 连用 28-30 课提纲 1.living things 生物 His grandpa is still living/alive.一只活着的鸟 a living bird a live show live la v adj.现场直播的 2.The geese migrate south

43、in autumn.south adv.向南;朝南 The geese migrate to the south in autumn.n.南方;南部 3.draw ones attention=catch/attract ones attention 吸引某人的注意力(draw drew drawn)那个奇异的蝴蝶吸引了我的注意力。The fantastic butterfly drew my attention.4.as+adj./adv.原级+as “和一样”I do my homework as _(careful)as my sister.5.as many as.多达;和一样多 我们

44、学校有多达 6000 名学生。There are as many as 6000 students in our plete doing sth We will complete doing the project.7.lie-lied-lied-lying v.说谎 lie-lay-lain-lying v.躺 lay-laid-laid-laying v.产卵；下蛋；放置 8.cut down 砍倒；砍伐；(代中)cut-cut-cut-cutting.cut it/them down 9.puzzling adj.令人费解的 puzzled adj.困惑的 10.in general=g

45、enerally speaking 总的来说 总的来说，我同意你的观点。In general/Generally speaking,I agree with you.11.more complex 更复杂 much,a lot,a little,a bit,even,still,far 等 修饰形容词和副词的比较级。口诀：“两多两少两甚至还有一个远去了”The problem gets even more serious than before.12.数百/千/百万/十亿计的 hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of 13.influence v.影响 T

46、he terrible weather influences the corn production.influence sb.to do sth.影响某人做某事 是什么影响你从事护理工作？What influenced you to take up nursing?have an influence on.对.有影响 My teacher has a great influence on me.14.except for 除.之外，说明整体情况后，对细节纠正。Your article is good except for several spelling mistakes.我喜欢这个文章，除

47、了它有一些拼写错误之外。except 除.之外，同类事物的排除,不包括后面的内容 Everyone is here_(除了)Tom,because he is ill.besides“除.之外，还有”，后面的内容也包括在内 As a Chinese,I can speak English besides Chinese.but 除.之外,常与 nothing,no,nobody 等表示 否定含义的词连用。15.sth.be caused by.某事由.导致 这场大火是由烟头导致的。The fire is caused by the cigarette.16.be related to/with

48、 和.有关；使相互关联 她和这件事故没关系。She is not related to/with this accident.17.follow ones/the instructions 按指示操作 carry out ones instructions 执行某人的指令 18.to ones surprise 令某人感到惊讶的是 To our surprise,the thief ran away.in surprise 惊讶地 He looked at me in surprise 19.suggest doing 建议做某事 We suggested putting off the sp

49、orts meeting.suggest+(that)sb.(should).I suggest(that)he(should)take his hand off the cardboard.20.push up/down 向上推/向下推 21.that those 1.用于 A,B 两者进行比较 2.A,B 两者有限定成分；3.that 指代可数名词单数或不可数名词，those 指代可数名词复数 The clothes in the shop is more expensive than those in that shop.The weather in Bejing in winter is much colder than that in Guangzhou.22.in place 在原地；在适当的位置 23.affect v.影响 affect/influence sth.effect n.have an effect/influence on.对.有影响 24.discovery n.发现；发觉 This is an important discovery.discover+n./pron./that.v.发现.He discovered America in1492.