新课标2019_2020学年高中英语限制性和非限制性定语从句讲义新人教版必修31561.pdf

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1、-1-Section Grammar 限制性和非限制性定语从句 语 境 自 主 领 悟 先观察原句 后自主感悟 1.This gift was the Amber Room，which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it.2.The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellowbrown colour like honey.3.This was a time when the two countries were at war.4.Howe

2、ver，the next King of Prussia，Frederick William，to whom the amber room belonged，decided not to keep it.5.Later，Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers.1.例句1 中的which引导的是非限制性定语从句，先行词为 the Amber Room；例句 4中的to whom 为“介词关系代词”引导的是非限 制 性 定 语 从 句，先 行 词

3、 为 Frederick William。2.例句 2中的 which 引导的是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 The amber；例句 3中 when引导的是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a time；例句 5 中 where 引导的是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a palace。3.在形式上非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别在于：关系词前是否有逗号。一、定语从句的种类 根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1 限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整。这种从句和主

4、句的关系十分密切，两者之间不用逗号分开；关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。引导限制性定语从句的关系代词有 who，whom，whose，that，which，as；关系副词有 where，when，why。This is the computer(that/which)he bought for his son yesterday.这是他昨天为儿子买的电脑。I will show you to the supermarket where you can find everything you want.我带你去一家超市，在那里你能找到你想要的一切东西。2 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和主

5、句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词或主句作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开。引导非限制性定语从句的关系词与引导限制性定语从句的关系词略有不同。除 that 和 why 不能引导非限制性定语-2-从句外，其他都可以。He is English，which I know from his accent.他是英国人，那是我通过他的口音知道的。This is our headmaster，who I think has something important to tell you.这是我们的校长，我认为他有一些重要事情要告诉你。即时训练 1 用适当的关系词填

6、空 Holly，who is from Australia，has a good command of Chinese.The dictionary，which our teacher bought yesterday，is helpful to us.I am looking forward to the day when my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1 形式不同 限制性定语从句和主句之间没有逗号；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号与主句隔开。Here is the

7、 man who has been punished by the boss.这就是那个被老板惩罚的人。(限制性定语从句)The project，which lasted three years，cost no less than$1 billion.这个工程历时三年，耗资多达十亿美元。(非限制性定语从句)2 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是整个主句。试比较：This is the best novel that I have ever read.这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(限制性定语从句，先行词是 novel)The

8、novel，which I read last night，is very interesting.我昨天晚上看过那部小说了，它非常有意思。(非限制性定语从句，先行词为 novel)The novel is very interesting，which makes me very excited.那部小说很有意思，这让我很兴奋。(非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容)3 关系词的使用情况不同(1)that，why不可用于引导非限制性定语从句 指物时要用 which代替 that，for which代替 why。Most people didnt vote for him，which

9、 disappointed him.大多数人没有投票支持他，这使他感到失望。I have told them the reason，for which I changed my mind.我已经告诉了他们我改变主意的原因。(2)关系代词替代情况不同 -3-关系代词 whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用 who代替，但在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who代替。This is the man(whom/who/that)we are talking about.这就是我们正在谈论的那个人。(限制性定语从句)The young man had a new girlfriend，whom he

10、 wanted to impress.这位年轻人新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下印象。(非限制性定语从句)在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可以用 that引导，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用 who或 whom。She has a younger brother，who is an English teacher.她有一个弟弟，他是一名英语老师。(3)关系代词省略情况不同 关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，而非限制性定语从句的所有关系代词均不可省略。This is a good film(which/that)I saw a few days ago.这是我几天前看过

11、的一部好影片。(限制性定语从句)The summer holiday，which were looking forward to，is drawing near.我们盼望的暑假就要来了。(非限制性定语从句)即时训练 2 用适当的关系词填空 Until now，we have raised 50，000 pounds for the poor children，which is quite unexpected.The exact year which/that Angela and her family spent together in China was 2018.Can you tell

12、 me the reason why he was absent yesterday?三、as 和 which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别 1 as 引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而 which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句，又可以是主句的一部分。As we all know，Lu Xun is a great writer.众所周知，鲁迅是一位伟大的作家。He failed in the experiment，which was unexpected.他实验失败了，这是没有料到的。2 as 引导的从句位置比较灵活，可位于先行词之前、之中和之后，而 which引

13、导的从句仅能位于先行词之后。He is a cheat，as everyone can see.每个人都看得出来，他是个骗子。-4-3 as 引导从句时常译为“正如”，而 which常译为“这；那”。常用句型有：as we all know，as is known to all，as everybody can see，as is expected等。He did the experiment successfully，as had been expected.正如期望的那样，他实验做得非常成功。As we all know，paper was first made in China.正如大家

14、所知，纸是中国发明的。即时训练 3 用适当的关系词填空 The weather turned out to be very fine，which was more than we could expect.As has been announced，we shall have our final exam next month.He failed in the driving test，as we had expected.单句语法填空 1 There was a prison on the island，from which nobody escaped.2 He has made grea

15、t progress in his work，of which his parents feel proud.3 I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noises.4 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better.5 Mr.Green said that Suzhou was the first city that he had visited in China.6 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields.7 The sun heats the earth，which makes it possible for plants to grow.8 Then he met Mary，who invited him to a party.9 There is a net bar around here，as I remember.10He changed his mind again，which made us all angry.