小学英语语法总结7966.pdf

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1、小学英语语法总结 一、时态小 结 时态定义特征 动词的变化规则 一 第三人称单数的变化情况:般 表示经常性或习惯性 every day/morning/1.一般情况在词尾直接加-s 现 的动作.usually 2.以 ch,sh,s,x 或 o 结尾的词加-es 在 3.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词,将 y 改成 i 再加-es 时 现 现在分词的变化情况:在 1.一般情况在词尾直接加-ing 表示现在或现在一阶 进 now/look/listen 段正在进行的动作.2.以 e 结尾的词,去掉 e 再加-ing 行 3.以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing 时 yesterday 一

2、 动词过去式的变化情况:morning/afternoon/evening 般 1.一般情况在词尾直接加-ed 表示过去某时发生的 last year/month 过 2.以 e 结尾的词加-d 动作或情况.a minute ago/an hour ago 去 3.以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词,将 y 改成 i 再加-ed this 时 4.以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed morning/afternoon/evening tomorrow 一 the day after tomorrow/般 主要构成 the next day/Monday 将 表示将要发生的事情 be goi

3、ng to/will+动词原形 at the weekend/tonight 来 be+形容词 tomorrow 时 night/morning/afternoon 凡是在 must,mustnt,can,can t,let s,d，o n w ill t后,m 的 a一y 定要用动词的原形 二、名词的复数。名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.可数名词的复数变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s,如:girl-girls,book-books,pen-pens 2.以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾的词,在词后加-es,如:class-classes,box-boxes,match-ma

4、tches,3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的,变 y为i 再加-es,如:city-cities,family-families,country-countries 4.以 f 或 fe 结尾的,变 f 或 fe为v 再加-es,如:knife-knives,wife-wives,life-lives,5.以 o 结尾的加-es 或-s,如:radio-radios,tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,zoo-zoos,photo-photos,6.man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,child-children,三、形容词的比较级、最高级。形容词

5、有比较级与最高级之分,单音节词的变化规则:1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-er 或-est,如:small-smaller-smallest,short-shorter-shortest 2.以 e 结尾的,加-er 或-est,如:large-larger-largest,nice-nicer-nicest.3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的,变 y 为 i 再加-er 或-est,如:busy-busier-busiest,heavy-heavier-heaviest.4.以重读闭音节,一个辅音字母结尾的,双写该字母,再加-er 或-est,如:big-bigger-biggest,thin-thi

6、nner-thinnest.5.多音节的词,前加 more,most,如:beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful.6.good-better-best 四、be 动词,助动词。现阶段 be 动词形式有:am,is,are,were,was,isn t,aren t,weren t,wasn 助动词形式有:do,does,did,dont,doesn t,didn 1.在英语句子中进行变化的时候,有 be 动词的就在be 动词上变化,变过去,否 定否定过去否定am-am not(第一人称I)am,is-was-wasnis-isn(第 三人称)are-we

7、re-weren are-aren(you 和其它人称)2.没有 be 动词的就要加助动词;否定过去过去否定do-d-on-did-didn does(第三人称单数)-doesn-t-did-didn 五人称代词物主代词主语宾格形容词性名词性I my mine me she her hers her he his his him it its its it you your yours you we our ours us they their theirs them 六特殊疑问词What is this?What is this in English?What is the matter?W

8、hat is the weather like?What is the country like?What is she/he/What do you like?What What does he do?What do you have for?What colour?What class?What grade?What time?What day?What do/does/did+?How are you?How old?How How many?How much?How long?How do/does/did+?Which+n.+（be 动词/助动词）+?Whose+n.+（be 动词/

9、助动词）+?Where+v.（be 动词/助动词）+sb.+?When+v.（be 动词/助动词）+sb.+?Who+v.（be 动词/助动词/行为动词）+sb.+?Why+v.（be 动词/助动词）+sb.+?有 can,will,must 这几个词的句子，所有的句型转换都在此词变化。1.数词变化规律及读法口诀 两大数词基和序，前表数量后第几。构成先谈基数词，1 至 12 请认真记。13 至 19teen 结尾齐，ty 结尾表示几十。若要表达几十几，几十短横 1 到 9。One hundred 一百记，若表几百几十几。几百 and 几十几，基数规律上述里。再把序数谈仔细，第一至三独立记。第四

10、至十九结尾 th,第结尾 th,第廿到九十有规律。数基础y 变 ieth。第几十几有特例，第几十由基数起，几用序数有道理。第一百 one hundred。若说第一百几十几。One hundred and 第几十几。谈此即告一段落,序有缩式莫忘记，上述须用心体味。2.句子种类口诀 句子按用途分四大体，陈述疑问感叹和祈使。陈述用来叙述一件事。疑问主要用来提 题祈使表达命令和请求。表达强烈感情感叹句。上述九是句种之定义。祈使主语 you 被抛弃 若将其变成否定形式，动词之前加dont是正理。3.陈述句变感叹句口诀陈述变感叹两句套。What 或 How 加其他成分表。What a(an)形加名用的妙。

11、剩余照写句末用感叹号。How 后副和形是正确道，其后照写感叹号堪称妙。4.一般现在时用法及句型转换 口 诀 经常习惯动作和真理，是一般现在时的定义。构成除单三皆动原式。若逢动词第三人称体，动词变单三 式有道理。若要变成否定的形式，动词原形之前加 dont除,单三人称外无特例。单三式前 doesn 动t 原基。句首 Do,Does 疑问起，Does 用单三人称限制，单三还原形没大问题。5.变动词单三人称口诀 一般情况动词尾-s 加。O,s,ch,sh 结尾“-es”没有差。辅音加 y 去 y为“-ies”是方法。6.现在进行时及句型转换 口 诀 现在正在进行之动作，用现在进行时来掌舵。构成 be

12、 加现在分词妥，be 的用法如同系动词。切记 be 是助动词没错，be 后面加 not 否定拓。Be 提句首疑问有把握，上述内容记清好处多。7.现在分词构成口诀 词尾直加-ing 是一般式，若遇无音 e 去之加-ing。重读闭音一辅音字母尾，双写该字母-ing 是正里。8.形容词和副词比较级和最高级构成口诀 结尾直加-er,-est 属一般，详细构成方法逐一来侃谈。一辅音结尾重读闭音节看，辅音双写-er,-est 是习惯。辅音加 y(ly)除外有型感，按照去 y,-er,-iest 方法办。上述皆属单音部分双音段，下面把多音节规律来看看。词前加 more,most 此规律唤。规则变化到此已全都

13、谈完。有些不规则变化请你记全。“双 好 ”better,best记的宽。“坏 病 ”worse,worst 莫记乱。“双 多 ”more,most不用管“老、远”两种形式别记篡，“有点”less,leas记t 清盼。9.感观使役动词记忆和使用口诀 1.记忆口诀：二听四看一感觉，使役动词有三个。或：一感二听三使四看。一感；feel 二听：hear,listen to 三使：make,let,have 四看：look at,see,watch,notice 使用口诀：感使动词真奇怪，to 在句中象妖怪。主动句里它走开，被动句里它回来。动词 let 要除外，to 词可来可不来。10.规则动词加-ed

14、 的读音口诀 元音后 t，浊音后 d，td 后读 id。注：浊音包括浊辅音和元音。11.时刻表达法口诀 时刻表达法作用大,衣食住行离不开它。整点时把点钟数打，时分俱全不好表达。请记下列几种方法:先时后分莫给弄差。若要说明几点过几分，可把 past 和 after 来抓。前分后时不能搞差，要说几点几分差，to 前分后时来表达。12.形容词和副词的比较等级及用法句型口诀 一者比较用原级。比较级限二者比。三者三者往上比，最高级的用法起。若要比项掌握齐，比较范围要搞细。比较级二句型记，做出句子没问题。若甲乙程度相同，as as结构体。PEP小学英语重点句型语法总结与分析 三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在

15、小学阶段共有 8 册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有 7 种：to be 句型、there be 句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去 时 句 型、情 态动词 can 引导的句型、be going to 句型等。现以5 8 册书为例，简要分析如下：一 to be 句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中 5 8 册的句型主要有：1.Who s your English teacher?Mr.Carter.2.What s he likeH?e s tall and strong.3

16、.Is she quiet?No,she isn She is veryt.active.4.Is she strict?Yes,she is,but she s very kind.5.What day is it today?It s Wednesday.6.What s your favourite fruit/food?7.They re sweet/sour/salty/healthy/8.When is your birthday?It s in May.9.My birthday is in June.Uncle Bill s birthday is in Juon.e,to 1

17、0.Is her birthday in June?Yes,it is.11.What s the date?12.This is Zhang Peng.13.Where is the cinema,please?It s next to the hospital.14.How tall are you？I m 164 cm tall.15.You are shorter than me.16.You re 4 cm taller than me.17.How heavy are you?I m 48 kg.18.I m thinner than you,and shorter.19.What

18、 s the matter with you?My throat is sore.20.How are you,Liu Yun/Sarah?二 there be 句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或 “某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：There is+可数名词单 数或不可数名词+时间或地点。There are+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第 5 册的 Unit 5 和 Unit 6 中，如：1.There are two bedrooms,a kitchen,a bathroom and a living room.2.There is a mirror,a bed and a big

19、closet.3.Is there a forest in the park?Yes,there is.4.Is there a river?No,there isn t.5.Are there any pandas in the mountains?No,there aren t.6.Are there any fish in the rivers?Yes,there are.三 一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加 s 或 es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及 否定句中需要用助动

20、词 do 或 does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usually often sometimes never always等。该句型主要分布在第5 册 Unit2&3，第 6 册 Unit1&2,第 7 册 Unit4,5,6,第 8 册 Unit2 中。如：Book5:1.What do you have on Thursdays?We have English,math and science on Thursdays.2.What do you do on Saturdays?I watch TV on Saturdays.3.I do my homework.4.What do y

21、ou have for lunch on Mondays?We have tomatoes,tofu and fish.5.I like fruit.But I don t like grapes.Book6:1.When do you eat dinner?I eat dinner at 7:00 in the evening.2.When do you get up?I usually get up at 12:00 noon.3.What do you do on the weekend?Usually I watch TV and go shopping.4.Sometimes I v

22、isit my grandparents.I often play football.Sometimes I go hiking.5.Which season do you like best?I like winter best.6.Why do you like summer/winter?Book7:1.How do you go to school,Sarah?2.Usually I go to school on foot.Sometimes I go by bike.3.I like collecting stamps.He likes collecting stamps,too.

23、4.Does she teach math?Yes,she does.5.Does she teach English？No,she doesn S hte.teaches math.6.What does your mother do?What does your father do?7.Where does she work?She works in a car company.8.How does she go to work?She goes to work by bus.9.Where does the rain come from?It comes from the clouds.

24、10.Where does the cloud come from?It comes from the vapour.11.Where does the vapour come from?It comes from the water in the river.12.The sun shines and the water becomes vapour.13.How do you do that?Book8:1.My nose hurts.2.How do you feel?I feel sick.How does Amy feel?3.You look so happy.You look s

25、ad today.四 现在进行时句型：表示说话时正在进行的动作或事件，或在短期内正在进行的动作或存在的情况。标志词是：now 也常用在Look!Listen!等后面。句型主要结构为：be 动词（am,is,are）+动词现在分词(v.ing)。该句型主要分布在第6 册 Unit4,5,6 中。如：1.What are you doing?I m doing the dishes.I m reading a book.2.Grandpa is writing a letter.Brother is doing homework.Mom is cooking dinner in the kitch

26、en.3.He is writing an e-mail in the study.3.What is it doing?It s eating bananas.4.What is she doing?She s jumping.5.What are they doing?They re swimming.They re climbing trees.6.Are you eating lunch?No,we aren t.7.Are they eating the honey?Yes,they are.8.Is he playing chess?Yes,he is.9.Is she count

27、ing insects?No,she isn t.五 一般过去时句型：表示过去发生的而现在已经结束的事件、动作或情况。句型基本结构为：主语+动词 过去式+其他。标志词通常是：yesterday,last week,last year等，在问句与否定句中要用助动词 did。该句型 分布在第 8 册 Unit3&4 中。如：1.What did you do last weekend?I played football.2.Did you help them clean their room?Yes,I did.3.What did you do yesterday?I went fishing.

28、4.Did you read book?Yes,I did.5.Did you clean your room?No,I didn t.6.Where did you go on your holiday?I went to Xinjiang.7.What did you do there?I sang and danced with my new friends.8.How did you go there？I went by train.此外，一般过去时也可用来表示客气的询问。如：Book3 Unit5,Book 5 Unit3 中的：What would you like for lun

29、ch?I d like some 六 情态动词 can引导的句型：表示有能力做某事，can 后面的动词要用原形。该句型主要分布在第 5 册 Unit4 和第 7 册 Unit1 中。如：Book4:1.What can you do?I can sweep the floor.I can cook the meals.2.I can water the flowers.3.Can you make the bed?No,I can t.4.Can you use a computer?Yes,I can.Book7:How can I get to Zhongshan Park?You can

30、 go by the No.15 bus.七 将来时：我们的教材中出现过两种表示将来时的句型，即：will 和 be going to句型，主要以 be going to 句型为主，表示将要做某事或打算做某事。句型主要结构：am/is/are+going to+v.原形。标志词有：tomorrow next weekend this morning this weekend next be going to Book7:1.What are you going to do this weekend?I am going to visit my grandparents.2.Where are

31、you going?I am going to the cinema.3.How is he going to Beijing?He is going to Beijing by plane.4.When is she going to Xiashan?She is going to go there at 9:00 am.小学英语疑问词用法总结 句子可分为四类 1、陈述句（肯定句和否定句）2、疑问句（一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句）3、祈使句（肯定句和否定句）4、感叹句。四大句子类型的相互转换，如：将陈述句变成一般疑问句：疑问疑 问调个头，把 be(系动词“is are am 放”在)最

32、前头。又如：将陈述句的肯定句变成否定句：否定，否定加“not，”加在何处，加在系动词的后面；在句子相互转换的题型中，最难的要算“就下列划线部分提问”或是“看答句，写 问 句”这 种 题 型 了，其实，我 们 只 要 熟练掌 握 疑 问 词（what，what time,what colour,where，when,who，whose，which，how，how old，how tall,how long,how big,how heavy,how much，how many 等等）具体用法，了解他们是针对什么提问的，这种题型就很容易做了。疑问词 意义用法 例句 1.What s your na

33、me?你叫什么名字？用来问是什么，叫什么，what 什么 2.What s your father?你爸爸是干什么的？做什么等 3.what is in your box?你的盒子里是什么？What time is it?几点了？What time 什么时间用来问时间 What time is it now?现在几点了？1.waht colour is your bag?你的书包是什么颜色？What colour 什么颜色用来问颜色 2.what colour is your book?你的书本是什么颜色？1.what bout this pair of shoes?这双鞋子怎么样？用来征求意

34、见或询问感受等，What about 怎么样2.what about you?你呢？大多用于承接上面的同样问题 3.what about your dad?你爸爸呢？1.what day is it today?今天星期几？What day 星期几 用来问星期几 2.what day was yesterday?昨天星期几？1 What s the date today?今天是几号？What date 什么日期 问具体的日期 2.what date is tomorrow?明天是几号？用来问目的，在一定情况下只 What for 为何目的 What did you buy that for?你

35、为什么要买那个？可以与 why 互换 1.when do you get up?你什么时候起床？when 什么时候 用来问时间 2.when did you go there?你什么时候去的那里？1.where is my ruler?我的尺子在哪里？where 哪里 用来问地点 2.where are you from?你是哪里人？3.where are you going to?你打算去哪里？1.which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季 节？which 哪一个 用来问具体的哪一个 2.which class are you in?你在哪一个班？3.whic

36、h one is my pen？哪一个是我的钢笔？1.who is that boy?那个男孩是谁？who 谁用来问人物是谁2.who are you going to with?你打算和谁一起去？3.Who is that pretty lady?那个漂亮的女士是谁？1.whose bag is this?这是谁的包？whose 谁的用来问东西是谁的2.whose bike is yellow?谁的自行车是黄色的？1.why do you like spring?你为什么喜欢春天？why 为什么用来问原因2.why did you go there?你为什么去那里？1.how are you

37、?你好吗？how 怎么样用来询问身体等状况2.how is your mother?你妈妈好吗？1.how old are you?你几岁了？How old 几岁用来问年龄2.how old is your father?你爸爸多大了？1.how long are your legs?你的腿多长？How long 多长用来问长度2.how long is your pencil?你的铅笔多长？How big 多大用来问物体的大小1.How big is your bedroom?你的卧室多大？How tall 多高用来问高度2.How tall is your brother?你弟弟有多高？1

38、.How heavy are you?你有多重？How heavy 多重用来问重量2.How heavy is this box?这个箱子有多重？1.How far can you dive under the water?在水下你能游多远？How far 多远用来问路程2.How far is it from here?从这儿去有多远？1.How many apples do you have?你有多少苹果？How many 多少用来问数量2.How many days are there in a year?一年有多少天？1.how much is this dress?这个连衣裙多少钱？

39、How much 多少钱用来问价格2.how much are these desks?这些桌子多少钱？用来征求意见或询问感受等，1.how about you?你呢？大多用于承接上面的同样问How about 怎么样 2.how about that shirt?那件衬衣怎么样？题，用法与what about 相同小学英语句型汇总一、一般疑问句：1、Did you read books?你读书了吗？Yes,I did是.的，我读过了。No,I didn 不，t.我没有读过。2、Is she quiet?她文静吗？No,she isn t.She s ver不 y，ac她tiv不e.。她很活跃

40、。Is she strict?她严格吗？Yes,she is,but she s是 ve的 ry，ki她nd是.，但是她很和蔼。3、Is this a teacher 这 s d 是 e一sk张?讲台桌吗？Is it cold?冷吗？Is her birthday in June?她的生日在六月吗？Is this your T-shirt?这是你的T 恤衫吗？Yes,it is.是的。No,it isn t./No,it 不，不 是s 的 no。t.4、Can you make the bed?你会铺床吗？Can you use a computer?你会使用电脑吗？Yes,I can.是的，

41、我会。No,I can 不，t.我不会。5、Are they ducks?它们是鸭子吗？Are they eating the honey?它们吃蜂蜜吗？Yes,they are.是的，它们是。No,they aren 不，t.它们不是。6、Is there a forest in the park?公园里有一个森林吗？Is there a river?那里有条河吗？Yes,there is.是的，那里有。No,there aren 不，t.那里没有。7、Are there any pandas in the mountains?山里有一些熊猫吗？Are there any fish in t

42、he rivers?河里有一些鱼吗？Yes,there are.是的，那里有。No,there aren 不，t.那里没有。8、Are you eating lunch?你（们）正在吃午餐吗？Yes,I am./Yes,we are.是的，我正在吃。/是的，我们正在吃。No,I am not./No,we aren 不，我 没t.有在吃。/不，我们没有在吃。9、Is he playing chess?他正在下棋吗？Yes,he is.是的，他是。No,he isn 不，t.他没有。10、Is she counting insects?她正在数昆虫吗？Yes,she is.是的，她是。No,sh

43、e isn 不，她 t.没有。11、Does she/he teach English?她（他）教英语吗？Yes,she/he does.是的，她（他）是。No,she/he doesn 不，t.她（他）不是。二、谈论时间：What time is it?几点钟？It s two o 两 clo点 ck钟.。It s 9:45.It s time for ma九th点 cla四 s十s.五。是上数学课的时间了。What day is it today?今天星期几？It s Wednesda星 y.期三When do you eat dinner?你几点吃晚餐？I eat dinner at 7

44、:00 in the evening.我晚上 7 点钟吃晚餐。When do you get up?你几点起床？I usually get up at 12:00 noon.我一般中午12 点钟起床。When is your birthday?你的生日是什么时候？It s in Ma在y.五月。My birthday is in June.我的生日在六月。Uncle Bill s birthday is in June,比 to尔o.叔叔的生日也在六月。Whats the date?几月几日？June 9th.六月九日。三、谈论颜色：What colour is it?什么颜色？It s wh

45、ite白.色。四、谈论地点：Where are you going this afternoon?下午你打算去哪？I m going to the bookstore.我打算去书店。Where did you go on your holiday?假期你去了哪？I went to Xinjiang.我去了新疆。Where does she work?她在哪工作？She works in a hospital.她在医院工作。Where does the rain come from?雨从哪来？It comes from the clouds.它从云里来。Where is the cinema,p

46、lease?请问电影院在哪？It s next to the hospital在.医院旁边。Turn left at the cinema,then go straight.It 在电 影s那 on左t转he，le然 ft.后直走。它在你的左边。There are two bedrooms,a kitchen,a bathroom and a living room.那有两个卧室，一个厨房，一个卫生间和一个客厅。There is a mirror,a bed and a big closet.那有一面镜子，一张床和一个大衣柜。The closet is near the table.衣柜在桌子

47、的附近。Many clothes are in the closet.很多的衣服在衣柜里。The trash bin is behind the door.垃圾桶在门后。五、谈论价格：How much is it?这个多少钱？It s ten yuan十.元。How much are they?它们多少钱？They re three yuan.它们三元。六、谈论数量：How many horses are there?那有多少匹马？Twelve.十二匹。七、谈论人物：Whos your English teacher?你的英语老师是谁？Mr Carter.卡特先生。Whats he like?

48、他长什么样？Hes tall and strong.他又高又强壮。How old are you?你几岁？八、谈论喜好：Whats your favourite fruit?你最喜欢的水果是什么？I like apples.They re我 sw喜e欢 et苹.果。它们很甜。I like fruit.But I don t like grapes.The我 y喜欢水果。re但s我 ou不 r.喜欢葡萄。它们很酸。Which season do you like best?你最喜欢哪个季节？I like winter best.我最喜欢冬天。Summer is good,but fall is

49、my favourite season.夏天很好，但秋天是我最喜欢的季节。Why do you like summer?你为什么喜欢夏天？Because I can swim in the lake.因为我可以在湖里游泳。Why do you like winter?你为什么喜欢冬天？Because I can sleep a long time.因为我可以睡很长的时间。Whats your hobby?你的爱好是什么？I like collecting stamps.我喜欢收集邮票。He likes collecting stamps,too.他也喜欢收集邮票。九、谈论事情：This is

50、my computer.这是我的电脑。That is your computer.那是你的电脑。Let s play footbal让l.我们踢足球吧。This is Zhang Peng.这是张鹏。What did you do last weekend?你上个周末做了什么？I played football.我踢了足球。What are you going to buy?你打算去买什么？I am going to buy a comic book.我打算去买一本漫画书。What are you going to do on the weekend?周末你打算去做什么？I m going t