全国英语等级考试三级（pets3级）历年真题试卷(一).docx

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1、全国英语等级考试三级（pets3级）历年真题试卷(一)材料题（江南博哥）根据下面资料，回答26-30题。The political career of Cicero, a great Roman statesman and the most well-known speech-mak-er of his time, was a remarkable one. At the time, high political offices in Rome, though techni-cally achieved by winning elections, were almost exclusively

2、 controlled by a group of wealthy no-ble families that had held them for many generations. Cicero s family, though noble, was not one of them, nor did it have great wealth. But Cicero had a great deal of political ambition; at a very young age he chose as his basic belief the same one Achilles was s

3、aid to have had: to always be the best and overtop the rest. Lacking the advantages of a proper family origin, there were essentially only two career options open to him. One was a military career, since military success was thought to result from exceptional personal qualities and could lead to pop

4、ularity and therefore political op-portunity as was the case much later for American presidents Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight D. Eisen-hower. Cicero, however, was no soldier. He hated war, and served in the military only very brief-ly as a young man.Instead, Cicero chose a career in the law. To prepar

5、e for this career, he studied law, rhetoric,and philosophy. When he felt he was ready, he began taking part in legal cases. A career in the law could lead to political success for several reasons, all of which are still relevant today. First, a lawyer would gain a great deal of experience in making

6、speeches. Second, he could also gain ex-posure and popularity from cases. Finally, a successful lawyer would build up a network of politi-cal connections, which is important now but was even more important in.Cicero s time, when po-litical competition was not conducted along party lines or on the ba

7、sis of doctrine, but instead was based on loose, shifting networks of personal friendships and commitments. Cicero proved to be an excellent speech-maker and lawyer, and an outstanding politician. He was elected to each of the principal Roman offices on his first try and at the earliest age at which

8、 he was legally allowed to run for them.26单选题To win an important office in Ciceros time，a candidate should_A.be born of a wealthy familyB.possess political experienceC.launch a national campaignD.convince the general public正确答案：A参考解析：参考译文西塞罗是罗马时期一位著名的政治家和演说家，政治生涯显著。在那一时期，罗马的高级官职尽管需要严格依据法律通过选举产生，但历代以

9、来，政界官员几乎都完全受控于显赫的富有家族组织。西塞罗的家族虽然是贵族，但并非其中之一，没有巨大的财富。但是西塞罗有着强烈的政治抱负，在年幼时期，他就将据说是阿基里斯的理念作为自己的基本信念：永远做最好，超于他人。由于没有特有家族出身的优势，他面临的只有两种职业选择。一个是从军，因为军事功绩被视为卓越个人能力的体现并为其带来声誉，正如之后的美国总统尤利西斯格兰特和德怀特戴维艾森豪威尔。然而西塞罗并不是位战士，他讨厌战争，年轻时只在军中服役了很短时间。他选择了另一条道路，法律。为了给自己的政治生涯做准备，他学习了法律、修辞学和哲学。当他认为准备充分时就开始接触法律案件。通过法律达到政治成功有许多

10、原因，直到今天也同样适用。首先，律师在准备陈述的过程中会获得许多经验。其次，通过案件律师会获得一定的曝光度和声誉。最后，一个成功的律师会建立自己的一套政治关系网络。政治竞争不是通过政治路线或基本教义，而是通过不牢固的变化的友谊和承诺，这对现在的社会来说很重要，对当时的罗马时期来说更为重要。西塞罗不仅被人们视为一个杰出的演说家、律师，而且也是一位出色的政治家。他在达到被选举年龄时的首次竞选中，就成功当选为罗马主要官员。【精析】细节题。文中第一段第二句提到“At the time，high political offices in Rome，though technically achieved

11、by winning elections，were almost exclusively controlled by a group of wealthy noble fami-lies that had held them for many generations”在那一时期，罗马的高级官职尽管需要严格依据法律要通过选举产生，但历代以来，政界官员几乎都完全受控于显赫的富有家族组织。由此可知，在西塞罗时期想要当选，就要来自富有的家族，故选A。27单选题Cicero came from a family with_A.great wealthB.remarkable fameC.politica

12、l ambitionD.noble background正确答案：D参考解析：细节题。从文中第一段第三句“Ciceros family，though no-ble，was not oneofthem，nor didit havegreatwealth”可知，西塞罗的家庭也是贵族，故选D。28单选题Unlike Cicero，Ulysses Grant attained his political position due to_A.his strong beliefsB.his personal relationsC.his military achievementsD.his powerfu

13、l speeches正确答案：C参考解析：细节题。文中第一段倒数第三句提到“One was a military career，since military success was thought tolater for American presidents Ulysses SGrant”一个是从军，因为军事功绩被视为卓越个人能力的体现并为其带来声誉，正如之后的美国总统尤利西斯格兰特。由此可知，美国总统尤利西斯格兰特的政治地位是通过军事成就实现的，故选C。29单选题A Roman politicians career prospects were strongly influenced by

14、_.A.their partys supportB.their social connectionsC.their political doctrineD.their public popularity正确答案：B参考解析：推理题。文中第二段倒数第三句提到“Finally，a success-ful lawyer would build upwhen political competition Was not con-ducted along party lines or on the basis of doctrinebut instead was based on loose，shifti

15、ng networks of personal friendships and com-mitments”一个成功的律师会建立自己的一套政治关系网络。政治竞争不是通过政治路线或基本教义，而是通过不牢固的变化的友谊和承诺。由此可知，罗马政治家生涯的前途受友谊和承诺，即社会关系的重要影响，故选B。30单选题Cicero was elected to the principal offices when_A.he got support from his friendsB.he began his career as a lawyerC.he was committed to social serv

16、icesD.he was just old enough to run for them正确答案：D参考解析：细节题。文中第二段最后一句提到“He Was elected to each of the principal Roman offices on his first try at the earliest age at which he was legally allowed to run for them”他在达到被选举年龄时的首次竞选中，就成功当选为罗马主要官员。由此可知，西塞罗在刚满被选举年龄时就被选为主要官员，故选D。材料题根据下面资料，回答31-35题。One of the

17、key challenges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely crowded.London, for example, will somehow have to deal with a projected 100,000 extra inhabitants every year until 2016. The c

18、urrent plan of building new satellite towns of the city causes a lot of prob-lems-but architecture think tanks are working on ambitious solutions that go vertical instead of horizontal in search of space.In terms of population density, London is one of the least crowded major cities in the world-fou

19、r times fewer people per square kilometer than Paris, for example, six times fewer than New York and eight times fewer than Cairo. But the fact remains that the city s population is growing at a rapid rate, and horizontal expansion into the surrounding areas is eating up increasingly important agric

20、ultural land, as well as worsening all the transport problems that come with urban growth.Popular Architecture would propose a radically different solution. The proposal is to go up-wards, with vertical towers of considerable size, each representing an entire new town by the time it s completed. Eac

21、h tower would be 1500 meters high. Beyond mere accommodation, each tower would function as an entire town unit, with its own schools, hospitals, parks and gardens, sports facilities, business areas and community spaces. The population density of such a tower could help lower the individual energy re

22、quirements of each inhabitant, reducing the ecological impact of the population as a whole.The village towers are considered as hollow tubes, with large holes to allow light and air through the entire construction. Occasional floor discs spread throughout the height of the building will give inhabit

23、ants large central areas in the middle of the tube to use as gathering spaces.While the building itself is unlikely ever to be seriously considered for construction-imagine the number of elevators it would need，let alone the safety implications of open areas at such heights and with such wind exposu

24、re-the concept can serve as a conversationstarter for urban planners looking to face the challenges of the current and coming centuries.31单选题One key challenging task for urban architects in future is to_A.build new satellite townsB.work out ambitious plansC.design less crowded citiesD.accommodate mo

25、re inhabitants正确答案：D参考解析：参考译文在未来50年里，城市建筑的主要挑战之一将会是如何在已经极度拥挤的都市塞下更多的人。例如，到2016年，伦敦将应对每年预计增加的10万居民。目前建造“卫星镇”的计划带来了很多问题，但是建筑学智囊团致力于从垂直而不是水平方向去寻找空间。根据人口密度，伦敦是世界上最不拥挤的大城市之一，它每平方公里的人口数比巴黎低四倍，比纽约低六倍，比开罗低八倍。但是，城市的人口仍在迅速增长，向周围地区的拓展加剧了城市扩张带来的交通问题，也在吞噬重要的耕地。流行建筑提出了完全不同的解决方法向上延伸的垂直塔建筑。巨大的垂直塔完工后代表一个完整的新城镇，每个塔高1

26、500米。除了基本的居住功能，每个塔还将作为一个完整的城镇，内设学校、医院、公园和花园、运动设施、商务中心以及社区空间。这种塔型建筑的人口密度会帮助减少居住者的个人能源需求，减轻整体人口对生态的影响。这种塔型建筑就像中空管，整个建筑体内有许多大的开孔，能够透出光线和帮助空气流通。偶尔的楼层圆盘造型分布在高楼上，会给居民更大的中心空间，方便他们聚在一起。当建筑物本身不再被传统意义地作建造所用，想象一下它所需的电梯数量，更不用说在这等高度和风向下的开放区域存在的安全隐患问题。不过这个设想可以作为城市规划者面对目前或未来挑战时的开场白。【精析】细节题。文中第一段第一句提到“One of the ke

27、y challen-ges in urban architecture over the next 50 years will be figuring out how to squeeze vast numbers of additional people into urban areas that are already extremely crowded”在未来50年里，城市建筑的主要挑战之一将会是如何在已经极度拥挤的都市塞下更多的人。由此可知，未来城市建筑的主要挑战之一是容纳更多的居民，故选D。32单选题Which of the following cities has the larg

28、est population density?A.CairoB.ParisC.LondonD.New York正确答案：A参考解析：推理题。文中第二段第一句提到“In terms of population density，London is one the least crowded major cities in the worldand eight times fewer than Cairo”根据人口密度，伦敦是世界上最不拥挤的大城市之一，它每平方公里的人口数比巴黎低四倍，比纽约低六倍，比开罗低八倍。由此可知，开罗的人口密度是最大的，故选A。33单选题Horizontal expans

29、ion not only wastes land，but makes it hard for London to_A.handle its safety problemsB.resolve its transport issuesC.control its population growthD.measure its population density正确答案：B参考解析：细节题。文中第二段第二句提到“But the fact remains that the citys population is growingas well as worsening all the transport

30、problems that come with urban growth”但是，城市的人口仍在迅速增长向周围地区的拓展加剧了城市扩张带来的交通问题，也在吞噬重要的耕地。由此可知，水平空间的拓展不仅浪费土地还会造成交通问题，故选B。34单选题The vertical tower would represent an entire new town in itself because_A.it is energy-savingB.it is cost-effectiveC.it is self-sufficientD.it is comfortoriented正确答案：C参考解析：推理题。文中第三

31、段倒数第二句提到“Beyond mere ac-commodation，each tower would function as an entirewith its own schools，hospitals，parksbusiness areas and community spaces”每个塔还将作为一个完整的城镇是因为它内部还设有学校、医院、公园商务中心及社区空间等，这些使得这个城镇生活所需都可以自给自足。故选C。35单选题For city planners today，the idea of building a vertical tower can become_A.atopic f

32、or funB.a shocking realityC.a modest proposalD.a source of inspiration正确答案：D参考解析：推理题。从文中最后一段可知，目前这种垂直塔型建筑还有很多问题，比如说，所需电梯数量多，存在安全隐患等等，但是可以作为设计者的一个灵感的来源，故选D。材料题根据下面资料，回答36-40题。John:One of the main differences between a man s and a woman s body is that men are generally less capable of bending their bo

33、dy than women. You may think it is not important whether your body can bend easily or not, but it is. Stretching your muscles regularly will help you to move more effectively. It can also help you to stay injury-free, relax your muscles and in turn reduce stress.Mike :Doing uninterrupted sessions ma

34、y make you feel like you are doing the best thing for your body. But not giving yourself a break between workouts will mean that you will burn out, and do more harm than good. You should be taking a day off from exercising every two to three days as a minimum ideally. Takinga rest will mean that whe

35、n you train again you can train harder.Paul :Lots of men fall into the trap of thinking that in order to be better and achieve more, they have to perform all of their exercises at a super fast pace. Although it s true for some exercises, for oth-ers this is just not the case. Take weight lifting for

36、 example. When lifting slowly, you can increase the amount of time your muscles are tense for and increase the blood flow.David:Some men are terrible for sticking to the same fitness routine, but doing different types of fit-ness activities means that you work different parts of your body, and by do

37、ing this you improve your core strength and your balance. It is often difficult for most men to try new things. If you dont want to go into a fitness class on your own, take a friend with you.Helen :Women seem to be much better than men at taking a different approach to fitness. They en-gage physica

38、lly and mentally with their fitness programs, which has many health benefits. One is that your stress levels can decrease. And some practices of this approach, such as Tai Chi, can im-prove bone health. To take advantage of these health benefits, find what suits you best from among the many differen

39、t fitness techniques that are out there.Now match the name of each person (36 -40) to the appropriate statement.Note: there are two extra statements.Statements36John37Mike38Paul39David40HelenATry to diversify your fitness activitiesBBody and mind should be engaged in exercisingCSlow fimess activitie

40、s fit men betterDMen should take intense sessions frequentlyERegular stretching improves bodys flexibilityFWorkout speed depends on what exercise you doGA regular rest between workouts is necessary36单选题第(36)题选ABCDEFG正确答案：E参考解析：参考译文约翰：男性和女性身体主要的不同之一是男性身体弯曲的能力没有女性好。你可能认为无论你的身体能否轻易弯曲并不重要，但事实并非如此。经常伸展肌肉

41、会帮助你更有效地运动，它同样能帮助你免受伤害，放松肌肉，也会帮助你减轻压力。迈克：连续不间断的训练可能会让你觉得对身体很好，但是连续训练不休息就意味着你会过度疲惫，这样做弊大于利。你应该至少每两到三天运动后休息一天，这样是比较理想的。休息一下意味着当你再次训练时，你可以更加努力地训练。保罗：很多男性陷入了一个误区：为了做得更好、得到更多，他们要以很快的速度进行锻炼。尽管有些运动需要速度，但有些并非如此。以举重为例，当缓慢举起时，你可以增加肌肉紧张的时间和血液流动。大卫：一些人坚持不了做同样的健身计划，但是做不同类型的运动意味着你锻炼身体的不同部位，这样能强化你的核心力量和平衡能力。大部分人尝试

42、新的运动是很难的。如果你不想一个人去上健身课，可以和你的朋友一起去。海伦：女性似乎比男性更擅长选择不同的健身方式。她们能将身心都投入到训练课程中，这对健康有很多益处。其一是能减轻你的压力，一些如太极这样的运动可以提高骨骼健康。充分利用运动带来的益处，在众多的运动中找到最适合自己的。【精析】主旨题。约翰的观点是“Stretching your muscles regularly will help you to move more effectivelyIt can also help you to stay injury-free，relax your muscles and in turn

43、reduce stress”，他认为经常伸展肌肉会帮助人们更有效地运动，它同样能帮助人们免受伤害，放松肌肉，也能减轻压力，与E项“经常伸展会提高身体的灵活性”观点相符，故选E。37单选题第(37)题选ABCDEFG正确答案：G参考解析：主旨题。迈克的观点是“You should be taking a day off from exercising every two to three days as minimum ideally”，他认为连续训练不休息弊大于利，应该至少每两到三天运动后休息一天，与G项“锻炼期间定期休息是很重要的”观点相符，故选G。38单选题第(38)题选ABCDEFG正确

44、答案：F参考解析：主旨题。保罗的观点是“Although its true for some exer-cises，for others this is just not the case”，他认为有些运动需要速度，但有些不需要，与F项“运动速度取决于运动项目”观点相符，故选F。39单选题第(39)题选ABCDEFG正确答案：A参考解析：主旨题。大卫的观点是“but doing different types of fit-ness activities means that you work different parts of your body，and by doing this you

45、 improve your core strength and your bal-ance”，他认为做不同类型的运动意味着你锻炼身体的不同部位，这样能强化核心力量和平衡能力，与A项“尝试丰富你的运动类型”观点相符，故选A。40单选题第(40)题选ABCDEFG正确答案：B参考解析：主旨题。海伦的观点是“They engage physically and men-tally with their fitness programs，which has many health bene-fits”，她认为女性能将身心都投入到训练课程中，这对健康有很多益处，与B项“身体和心灵都应该投入到运动中”观点

46、相符，故选B。材料题根据下面资料，回答41-45题。In 2009, Dan Black was hit by a car in his hometown of Chepstow, Wales, as he was biking to his job at a grocery store.(41)_ During his recovery, he suffered a stroke that rendered his right arm useless. Once a promising guitarist, Dan, now 25, lives with his parents and re

47、quires around-the-clock care that costs nearly $ 300,000 a year.After the accident, a friend of Dan s started the Help Dan Black fund to cover some of Dan s medical expenses. Dan learned about an experimental stem cell treatment in China that could enable him to walk again. (42)_One day, in 2013, a news story caught the eye of Dan s mother, Michaela, who then shared the story with her son. The story featured a five-year-old boy named Brecon Vaughan. (43)_ The boys family had created a website with which to raise nearly $100,000 needed for a trip to the St.