三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题20完形填空说明文、议论文(解析版)43950.pdf
《三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题20完形填空说明文、议论文(解析版)43950.pdf》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《三年高考(2017-2019)英语真题分项版解析——专题20完形填空说明文、议论文(解析版)43950.pdf(17页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、名师整理,助你成功 三年(2017-2019)高考真题英语分项汇编 专题 20 完形填空说明文、议论文 一、2019 年高考真题(无)二、2018 年高考真题(无)三、2017 年高考真题(无)2016 年高考题【2016上海】Reading Comprehension Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best
2、 fits the context.In the 1960s,Douglas McGregor,one of the key thinkers in the art of management,developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y.Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it.Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfa
3、ction in work.In any case,despite so much evidence to the 52 ,many managers still agree to Theory X.They believe,53 ,that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively,or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation.This,of course,makes for authoritarian(专制
4、的)managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people.Unlike authoritarian management,some cultures,particularly in Asia,are well known for the consultative nature of decision-makingall members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process.This is management by the collect
5、ive opinion.Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things,which are based on general 57 .Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent tre
6、nd has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative,to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first.This empowerment(授权)has been part of the trend towards downsizing:60 the number of management layers in companies.After de-layering in this way,a company may be 61 with just a top
7、level of senior managers,front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public.Empowerment takes the idea of delegation(委托)much further than has 62 名师整理,助你成功 been the case.Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being fo
8、llowed,and that operations become more profitable under the new organization,rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management,where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of wha
9、t they produce for projects,rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike 52.A.contrary B.expectation C.degree D.extreme 53.A.vice versa B.for example C.however D.otherwise 54.A.outside B.inside C.below D.above 55.A.replacing B.assessing C.managing D.encouragi
10、ng 56.A.refer B.contribute C.object D.apply 57.A.agreement B.practice C.election D.impression 58.A.bossy B.experienced C.western D.male 59.A.asking B.training C.warning D.firing 60.A.doubling B.maintaining C.reducing D.estimating 61.A.honored B.left C.crowded D.compared 62.A.economically B.tradition
11、ally C.inadequately D.occasionally 63.A.deny B.admit C.assume D.ensure 64.A.virtual B.ineffective C.day-to-day D.on-the-scene 65.A.opinion B.risk C.performance D.attractiveness【文章大意】本文是说明文,作者在第一段中提出道格拉斯麦克雷戈所提出的人性假设理论中的X理论和Y理论,并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论:授权管理及其作用。51.D 考查上下文串联。根据后半句will do anything to avoid it可
12、知很多人为了避免工作而愿意做任何事情,说明那些人大多数人生性都是懒惰的,都不愿意工作,他们尽可能地逃避工作。故D项正确。52.A 考查上下文串联。短语 to the contrary 相反的;to the degree 在某种程度上;to the extreme 走向极端;在文章第一段中提到了 X 理论,大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心,不愿对人和事负责,没有什么雄心壮志,不喜欢负责任,宁可被领导。而 Y 理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人名师整理,助你成功 负责,人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论,尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据,很多管理人仍然同
13、意 X 理论。故 A 正确。53.B 考查上下文串联。本句中 for example 表示举例说明;这些管理人仍然同意 X 理论,例如他们认为如果要员工效率高,就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于 X 理论的举例说明。故 B 正确。54.D 考查上下文串联。根据后句“.makes for authoritarian managers.”可知这属于专制的管理方法,他们的决定是来自上而下的,没有任何商量的余地。故 D 项“above 上面的”正确。55.C 考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论,使用本句使用动词 manage 管理”,不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西
14、方的管理方法形成呼应。故 C 正确。56.B 考查动词短语辨析。短语 refer to 提到,谈到;contributeto 做贡献;导致;object to 反对;apply to 适用于;亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法,所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故 B 正确。57.A 考查上下文串联。名词 agreement 同意;practice 练习,做法;election 选举;impression 印象;亚洲人使用协商式的管理方法,这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的,西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故 A 正确。58.D 考查上下文串联。根据前半句“.women will beco
15、me more effective managers than men.”可知有些专家认为女性比男性管理更高效。因为女性更有亲和力,比男性管理人更容易与别人达成一致的目标。故 D 正确。59.A 考查上下文串联。根据前句“.encourage employees to use their own initiative.鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神”,也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理,自己做出决定即可。故 A 项正确。60.C 考查上下文串联。根据前句“the trend towards downsizing 缩小规模的趋势”,也就是要减少管理层的数量,可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故
16、动词“reduce 减少”符合上下文串联。61.B 考查短语辨析辨析。动词 be honored with 被授予;be left with 留下,剩下;be crowded with 挤满;be compared with 与.相比;通过这种方法,公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节,提高了管理的效益。故 B 正确。62.B 考查副词辨析。副词 economically 经济地;traditionally 传统地;inadequately 不充分地;occasionally偶尔地;根据后句“Empowerment and delegation mean
17、new forms of management.”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法,与传统的管理模式不一样。故 B 正确。63.D 考查动词辨析。动词 deny 否认;admit 承认;assume 假定,设想;ensure 保证,确保;授权管理是一种新型的管理方法,省略了中央管理环节,保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知 D名师整理,助你成功 正确。64.A 考查上下文串联。形容词 virtual 虚拟的;ineffective 低效的;day-to-day 日常的;on-the-scene 现场的;根据后句“where teams of people linked by e-mail a
18、nd the Internet work on projects from their own houses”可知在这种新型的管理方法中,人们都是通过邮件和网络联系,说明这种一种新型通过虚拟网络进行的管理方法。故 A 正确。65.C 考查名词辨析。名词 opinion 观点;risk 冒险;performance 表现;attractiveness 魅力;根据后半句中“in terms of what they produce for projects,rather than the amount of time they spend on them可知我们评价员工的表现是根据他们的产品而不是
19、工作的时间。故 C 项正确。【名师点睛】本篇完形填空对于上下文串联及词汇的复现进行了集中考查,占到了三分之二。由于完形填空的文章是一个意义相关联的语篇,围绕一个话题论述,因此在行文中词语的重复、替代、复现和同现现象是不可避免的。根据这个原则,某一个空格所对应的答案很可能就是在上下文中复现或同现的相关词,考生可以根据这些词之间的有机联系来确定答案。所以,解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索,如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。但由于我们在做题时不可能总是重复地阅读文章,因此,在做完形填空时要培养一种捕捉并记忆相关信息的能力。如本文 57 题考查上下文串联。亚洲人使用协商
20、式的管理方法,这种方法是建立在共同的协议基础之上的,西方人也想学习这样的管理方法。故 A 项名词“agreement 同意、协议”正确。2015 年高考试题议论文类【2015广东】阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从 115 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。How long can human beings live?Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is _1_ to live no longer than 120 years.However,110 years is
21、 probably the longest that anyone could hope to live if he or she is _2_ healthy and lucky.Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years!Yet,our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce _3_.They wear out,and as a result,we get old and _4_ die.Even though we cant live forever,we are livi
22、ng a _5_ life than ever before.In 1900,the average American life span(寿命)was only 47 years,but today it is 75 years!名师整理,助你成功 When does old age begin then?Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the _6_ line between middle age and old age.After all,many older people dont begin to experience physical and me
23、ntal _7_ until after age 75.People are living longer because more people _8_ childhood.Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature,many children died of common childhood _9_.Now that the chances of dying _10_ are much lower,the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and hea
24、lth care.On the whole,our population is getting older.The _11_ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.Some people fear such changes will be for the worse,while some see _12_,not disaster,many men and women in their“golden years”are healthy,still act
25、ive,and young in _13_ if not in age.As the society grows old,we need the _14_ of our older citizens.With long lives ahead of them,they need to _15_ active and devoted.1.A.designed B.selected C.improved D.discovered 2.A.completely B.generally C.apparently D.extremely 3.A.rapidly B.harmlessly C.endles
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 三年 高考 2017 2019 英语 真题分项版 解析 专题 20 填空 说明文 议论文 43950
链接地址:https://www.taowenge.com/p-83626270.html
限制150内