高三复习课--特殊句式全归纳43383.pdf

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1、名师整理，助你成功 语法复习专题 10 特殊句式-倒装、强调、省略、感叹、反意及祈使句 热点考向一 倒装句 1.完全倒装(1)There be主语.，此结构中的 be 有时用 stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem 等不及物动词代替。There seems to be something wrong with the machine.(2)Here/There/Now/Then/Thus不及物动词名词 There goes the bell.Lets go into the lecture hall.Be quick！Here comes the bus.(3)Out/I

2、n/Up/Down/Away/Off/Back/Over不及物动词名词 Out rushed the children.Away flew the birds.比较：Away they hurried.(4)介词短语(表地点)不及物动词主语 On the wall hang two large portraits.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful village.(5)表语连系动词主语(表语可以是：形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Sm

3、ith and many other guests.Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.(6)Suchbe主语 Such are the facts；no one can deny them.Such is Yiyangqianxi,a young handsome singer popular with Chinese teenagers.2.部分倒装(1)用于以 so，nor，neither 开头的句子，表示重复前句的部分内

4、容，须部分倒装，且此句的谓语应与前句的谓语在时态/形式上一致，但“so主语do”结构则表示对别人所说的情况加以肯定，它的主语与上文的主语相同，so 相当于 indeed，certainly。Mary has learned by heart 200 words，and so have I.The girls study hard.这些女孩学习刻苦。So they do.她们的确如此。I dont know it,nor do I care about it.Tom doesnt like bananas,neither/nor do I.注意：当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,通常

5、用“so it is with.”或“it is the same 名师整理，助你成功 with.”Tom likes singing,but he doesnt like dancing.So it is with Mary.(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时要部分倒装。这些词有 not，never，hardly，seldom，scarcely，barely，little，no，nowhere，not only，not until，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no condition,no sooner.than，hardly.when

6、 等。By no means shall we give up.At no time will China be the first to use the nuclear weapon.Not a single mistake did he make.Never before _ I seen such a moving film.Not only _ he forced to stay home,but also he had to do his homework.(3)only 置于句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语)或状语从句等时要用部分倒装。Only after my friend came

7、 _ the computer repaired.Only then did I realize the importance of mathematics.比较：Only he knows the secret.(4)as 引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形as主语)要用部分倒装。Tired as he was，he stayed up late.Explain as I might，I could not make myself understood.Child as he is，he knows a lot.(5)在 so.that，such.that 句型中，当 so，such

8、 引导的结构置于句首时要用部分倒装。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.(6)在 hardly.when，no sooner.than，not until 句型中，主句要部分倒装。Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.=No sooner had he arrived than it began to snow.(7)在省略了 if 的虚拟条件句中，were，had 或 should 置于句首。Were I in your positio

9、n,I would not go.Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim.(8)however，no matter how 引导的让步状语从句。However hard he worked，he couldnt solve the problem.=No matter how hard he worked,.热点考向二 强调 1.强调句的基本句型 It is/was被强调部分that/who句子剩余成分(1)强调人时可用 who/that 来连接，强调事物时用 that。所强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分

10、可以是主语、宾语名师整理，助你成功 和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。It is I who/that am right.(强调主语)It was him that/who/whom we met at the school gate.(强调宾语)It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work.(强调状语)(2)这种强调句的一般疑问句只需把 is(was)提前。Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?Is it Professor Wang who teaches y

11、ou English?(3)它的特殊疑问句只需在一般疑问句前加上特殊疑问词。Who was it that broke the window?When was it that you called me yesterday?What is it that you want me to do?(4)not.until.的强调句形式：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分。He didnt go to bed until 11 oclock last night.It was not until 11 oclock last night that he went to b

12、ed.It was not until he took off his dark glasses that I realized he was a famous film star.判断一个句子是强调句型还是其他句型，最简单的方法就是“还原法”，即去掉强调句型的特有结构 It is/was.that/who.，若去掉这个结构后句子仍然成立，那该句型便是强调句型，否则，就可能是其他句型。比较：(1)It was he who did all the cleaning.可以看出，去掉画线部分，句子仍然成立，故该句为强调句型。（2）It is a pity that he has failed ag

13、ain.（）（3）It is a question that needs careful consideration.()（4）It was at six oclock that I got up today.()（5）It was six oclock when I got up today.()2.用助动词强调谓语。如果要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词，我们在该动词前加助动词 do，does 或 did。Many of the films are from the USA，but we do give awards to films from other countr

14、ies.He did come to see you last Sunday，but you were out.热点考向三 省略句 1.状语从句的省略:(1)在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词 be，主语又与主句的主语一名师整理，助你成功 致或主语是 it 时，主谓均可以省略。时间状语从句：Please come here as soon as(it is)possible.地点状语从句：Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary.条件状语从句：She wont come to the party unl

15、ess(she is)invited.方式状语从句：I wonder why he didnt do as(he was)told to.比较状语从句：It is much colder today than(it was)yesterday.让步状语从句：Though(they were)tired，they went on walking.(2)状语从句省略主语时，其后用现在分词表示该动词与省略的主语是主谓关系，用过去分词则表示为动宾关系。Be careful when(you are)crossing the street.Once(he/she is)burnt，a child dar

16、e not touch the fire again.2.答语中的省略:Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess 等作答句，后面跟 so 或 not 分别等于肯定或否定，宾语从句可省去。Do you think it will rain?I hope not(that it will not rain)Do you believe our team will win?I guess so.3.不定式中“to”的省略:(1)感官动词(see，feel，hear，notice，watch，observe，listen to 等)和使役动词(let，mak

17、e，have)后接不定式作宾语补足语时，省略 to，但在被动式中不能省略(let 除外)。I heard someone sing in the next room.The thief was noticed _(slip)into the room.(2)动词 help 和介词 but，except 后的不定式作宾语时，有时必须省略 to。He will help me(to)work out the problem.He did nothing but wait all the time.若句中 but/except 前无 do/does/did，则 to 不能省略。He has no c

18、hoice but _(wait).(3)不定式作表语时，若主语为 what 引导的主语从句，不定代词 all 作主语被定语从句修饰或后有定语从句修饰的“the.thing”作主语时，如果其前出现过 do 的各种形式，不定式中“to”可以省去。What he can do is(to)wait.The only thing he could do was(to)wait.All that he can do is(to)wait.名师整理，助你成功(4)固定结构或句型中常省去“to”。cant(help)but do.；why not do.；prefer to do.rather than

19、do.；I would prefer to swim rather than play football.4.虚拟语气中 if 和 should 的省略(1)在条件从句中，将助动词提到句首，省去 if。If we had known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.Had we known about the plans for the factory，we would never have bought the house.If I were you，I would not do it

20、like that.Were I you，I would not do it like that.(2)主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句中可省略 should。The workers demanded that their wages(should)be increased.类似的动词还有：suggest，advise，insist，order，prefer，propose，request，require，command，recommend,urge.It is desired that we(should)arrive there before dark.It is necessary tha

21、t he(should)know it.My suggestion is that we(should)visit the exhibition at once.5.英语中有一些固定的省略结构(1)在以 if，when，though，as if(好像)等连词引导的状语从句中，如果主句主语和从句主语一致，且从句谓语中含有动词 be，或者从句为 it is 结构时，从句往往使用省略的形式。If(it is)necessary，we shall send a telegram home.Whenever(it is)possible，he will come to my help.While(you

22、 are)cycling，dont forget the traffic lights.He closed his eyes as if（he was）lost in thought.(2)由固定词组引导的疑问句。What about having a game of chess?How come they left you alone here?What if its raining?Why not try again?(3)使用不定式符号 to 来代替整个不定式,常在 be afraid/glad,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefe

23、r,refuse,seem,try,want,wish 等后面。He may leave if he wishes to.Dont go till I tell you to.I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.名师整理，助你成功 Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.注意：如果不定式中含有 be,have,have been,通常保留 be,have 和 have been。Are you a sailor?No,but I used to be.6.宾语从句中的省略 引导宾语从句的从属连

24、词that可省略。但及物动词后跟两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时,只有第一个连词 that 可省略。He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was clever.7.定语从句中的省略 He lost the watch(that/which)he bought yesterday.I dont like the way(that/in which)he speaks to others.热点考向四 感叹句 感叹句常用的七大句型：(1)How形容词/副词主语谓语！_ high the mountain is!How fas

25、t he is running!(2)How形容词a/an单数名词主语谓语！_ difficult a problem it is!(3)How主语谓语！How time flies!_ I miss you!(4)Whata/an形容词单数名词主语谓语！_ a clever boy he is!What a fine day it is!(5)What形容词不可数名词主语谓语！_ sweet water it is!_ terrible weather it is!(6)What形容词复数名词主语谓语！_ beautiful flowers these are!(7)What名词主语谓语！W

26、hat news it is!热点考向五 反意疑问句 1.must 的反意疑问句 名师整理，助你成功(1)当 must 作“必须”讲时,其反意疑问词用 neednt;当含有 mustnt(不允许、禁止)时,其反意疑问词用 must/may.You must go now,_ you?You mustnt smoke here,_ you?(2)当 must 表示推测时,其反意疑问词同去掉 must 还原之后的句子所使用的反意疑问词.You must have heard about it,_ you?You must have watched that football match last

27、night,_ you?2.陈述部分是肯定句，反意部分用否定形式；陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词,如 never,seldom,rarely,hardly.,反意疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。He is fond of reading science fiction,_?She could hardly walk without a stick,_?3.陈述部分含有由表示否定意义的前缀构成的词,其反意疑问部分的动词用否定形式.Tom dislikes playing tennis,_?She is unhappy today,_?4.当陈述部分带有宾语从句时,疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致,

28、但如果主句的谓语动词是 think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine 等,且主语为第一人称时,疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致.He said that he would come to my birthday party,_?I dont believe he will succeed,_?热点考向六 祈使句 1.否定式 Dont be so sure.Dont get close to the tiger.2.强调式 Do come on time this evening.Never come late!3.带有主语的祈使句 To

29、m,you water the flowers!You,girls,clean the desks;you,boys,sweep the floor.4.祈使句+and/or+陈述句 Work hard and you will succeed.Work hard or you will fail.5.名词短语+and/or+陈述句 More time and I will do it better.Practice:1.There exist now a park that has a small river running through.(改错）2.On the wall is seve

30、ral traditional Chinese paintings.(改错)3.If you dont go there tomorrow,neither does Tom.4.I didnt see the film,and nor didnt you.名师整理，助你成功 5.He was unable to make much progress,hard although he tried.6.Little did he realizes how important this meeting is.7.So loudly he speak that even people in the n

31、ext room could hear him.8.Only when the war was over in 1945 _ he able to get a college education.9.Not only _ he forced to stay at home,but he was also forbidden to see his friends.10.Hardly _ I reached the bus stop when the bus started.11.No sooner had I set off _ it began to rain.12.So loudly did

32、 he speak _ even people in the next room could hear him.13.Jack can not answer the question._ can I.14.Ugly_ I am,I am gentle.15._ when you seize today can you not lose tomorrow.16.There _(be)one book and two oranges on the desk.17.By the window _(sit)an old man with a magazine in his hand just now.

33、18.In this area _(be)many beggars who look very poor.19.Out _(rush)a man who looked very bad-tempered.20.Then the driver stood up and asked,“_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”21.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not _.22.The school rules state t

34、hat no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day,unless _(accompany)by an adult.23.It was not until near the end of the letter_she mentioned her own plan.24.There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，_？(反意疑问句)25._(knock)at the door before you enter my room,please.26.Only wh

35、en he apologizes for his rudeness _ I speak to him again.27.“Never for a second,”the boy says,“_ I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”28.Anyone,once_(test)positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.29.It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.30.Every day_(read)a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.