2021高考英语第十三章虚拟语气16290.pdf

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1、 语法复习专题 11 虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1)表示与现在 事实相反的 假定,条件状语从句中的 谓语动词用“过去式（be 动词的 过去式用 were)”,而主句中的 谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。如:If I were a boy,I would join the army.If the had time,she should go with you.（2)表示与过去的 事实相反,条件状语从句中的 谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的 谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。

2、如:If he had taken my advice,he would have succeeded in the competition.（3)表示与将来事实相反,条件状语从句中的 谓语动词一般过去时或 should(were to)+动词原形,而主句中的 谓语动词则用 would/should/could might+动词原形。如；If it were to rain tomorrow,the football match would be put off.（4)当条件状语从句表示的 行为 和主句表示的 行为 所发生的 时间不一致时,动词的 形式要根据它所表示的 时间作相应调整。如:If

3、 they had worked hard,they would be very tired.(从句说的 是 过去,主句指的 是 现在)以下表格是 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时,主句和从句谓语动词的 形式:条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+have+过去分词 与现在 事实一般过去时(be 用 were)would/should/could/might+动词原形 相反 与将来事实相反 一般过去时或 should(were to)+动词原形 Would/should/cold/might+动词原形 有时侯在 使用时可省略 if

4、,句子则可换成下列形式,即“were/had/should+主语”。如:Were I a boy,I would join the army.Had he taken my advice,he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense,I would go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1)虚拟语气在 宾语从句中的 运用。“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的 愿望,译为“要是 就好了”等。表示现在 不能实现的 愿望,从句中的 谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的 愿望,从句中的 谓语动词用“would/could

5、+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的 愿望,从句中的 谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如:I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.在 表示建议、要求、命令等的 动词 suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order 等后的 宾语从句中,谓语动词用 should+动词原形或是 动词原形。如:She sug

6、gested we(should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2)虚拟语气在 同位语从句和表语从句中的 运用。作表示建议、要求、命令等的 名词 advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request 等的 表语从句和同位语从句,从句中的 谓语动词用“（should)+动词原形”。如:His suggestion that we(should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they(s

7、hould)pay 100 dollars.（3)虚拟语气在 主语从句中的 运用。在 主语从句中,谓语动词的 虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的 结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。如:It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that we should clean the room every day.It was a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested,decided,ordered,reque

8、sted,proposed,etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意:这种从句表示的 是 事实。加入说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的 情感,就可用虚拟语气。反之,加入不表示惊奇等情感,that 从句也可用陈述句语气。如:It is pity that you cant swim.3、虚拟语气在 其他场合的 运用 （1)虚拟语气在 as if/as though、even if/even though 等引导的 表语从句或状语从句中,加入从句表示的 动作发生在 过去,用过去完成时；指现在 状况,则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过

9、去将来时。如:He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here,she could not solve the problem.（2)虚拟语气用于定语从句中。这种从句常用于句型“It is(high)time(that)”中,定语从句的 谓语动词用一般过去时(be 用 were)或 should+动词原形,意思是“(现在)该”。如:Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we were going.（3)虚拟语气用在 if only 引导的 感叹句中。如:If only

10、 I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.（4)虚拟语气在 一些简单句中的 运用。情态动词的 过去式用于现在 时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在 日常会话中。如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。如:Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.二、精典名题导解 挑选填空 1.When

11、 a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.(NMET 95)A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 解析:答案为 C。本题考查的 是 as if 引导的 让步状语从句中的 语气问题,as if引导的 状语从句加入与事实一致,不用虚拟语气,加入与事实相反,应用虚拟语气。题中“当铅笔的 一部分浸在 水中,铅笔看上 去仿佛断了”。而实际上 铅笔并未断,与事实相反,前半部分陈述是 一般现在 时,因而本句是 对一般现在 时的 虚拟,用 were broken。

12、2.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 解析:答案为 D。本题考查的 是 if 条件句中的 虚拟语气。题意是:我在 会议上 没看到你姐姐,故你姐姐没来。因此加入“她来了”与事实相反,前面一句交代了虚拟语气的 时态是 一般过去时的 虚拟,所以 if 从句中用 had+过去分词。3.If he _,he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the ho

13、spital immediately.(NMET 93)A.was warned;would not take B.had been warned;would not have taken C.would be warned;had not taken D.would have been warned;had not taken 解析:答案为 B。本题考查的 是 条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的 用法。根据下一句语境可知,他事先并没有得 到警告,表示过去时间的 虚拟语气,故选 B。虚拟语气 1I enjoyed the movie very muchI wish I the boo

14、k from which it was made Ahave read Bhad read Cshould have read Dam reading 2You are lateIf you a few minutes earlier,you him Acame；Would meetBhad come；Would have met Ccome；Will meet Dhad come；would meet 3I cant stand himHe always talks as though he everything Aknew Bknows Chas know Dhad known 4His

15、doctor suggested that he short trip abroad Awill take Bwould take Ctake Dtook 5We might have failed if you us a helping hand Ahave not given Bwould not give Chad not given Ddid not give 6The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month Ahas Bhave Chad Dwill have 7He was busy yes

16、terday,otherwise he to the meeting Awould come Bwould have been Ccould have been Dwould be 8If there were no subjunctive mood,English much easier Awill be Bwould have been Ccould have been Dwould be 9 the fog,we should have reached our schoo1 ABecause of BIn spite of CIn case of DBut for 10What will

17、 you do during winter vacation?I dont know,but its about time something AI decided BIll decide CId decided DIm deciding 11He was very busy yesterday,otherwise,he to your birthday party Awould come Bcame Cwould have come Dshould come 12The two strangers talked as if they friends for years Ashould be

18、Bhad been Chave been Dwere 13Look!What youve done!You have been more careful Ashould Bmay Cought Dwould 14Without electricity,what?Awill the world be like Bwould the world be like Cthe world will be like Dthe World Would be like 15With your ability,you out the puzzle within a few minutes A could hav

19、e worked Bneed have worked B Cought have worked Dmust have worked 16My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possible Ais taken Bmust be taken Cbe taken Dhas to be taken 17If we had not missed the bus,we lunch at home now Awould have had Bwould have Cmust be having Dwould be having

20、18 here yesterday,he would attend the lecture with us today AHad he been BIf he were CWere he DShould be he 19His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk Ahad been Bwas Cbe Dshould be 20Do you feel that I the problem in a different way the other day?Ashould come Bshould have so

21、lved Chave solved Dsolved 210ur chairman hasnt come yetIf he on time,we would have to put off the meeting Ashould come Bwould come Cshouldnt come Ddoesnt come 22He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a rest Awas；be allowed Bwas；must be allowed Cshould be；must be allowed Dshould be

22、；be allowed 23He did his best in everything；he would not have been what he was Aand Bbut Cotherwise Dbut that 24I do I could give you a hand Ahope Bwish Cexpect Dthink 25I Would rather she tomorrow than today Acome Bcame Cshould Dhas come 26The guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rules Aob

23、eys Bobey Cwill obey DWould obey 27I her if I thought she would understand Awould tell Bwill tell CWould have to1d Dtold 28The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day A1earn Bto learn Cmust learn D1earning 29If he ,he that food Luckily he was sent to the hospita1 immediate1y AWas wa

24、rmed；would not take Bhad been warmed；wou1d not have taken Cwould be warmed；had not taken Dwould have been warmed；had not taken 30Without electricity human life quite different today Ais Bwill be Cwould have been DWould be 虚拟语气 l-5 BBACC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CBABA 16-20 CDABBD 21-25 CACBB 26-30 BCBBD 虚拟语

25、气强化训练 1Were it not for the snowy weather,we _all right.A.would be B.would have been C.were D.may be 2._more careful,his ship would not have sunk.A.If the captain were B.Had the captain been C.Should the captain be D.If the captain would have been 3.If he _ me tomorrow,I would let him know.A.should c

26、all B.should not have been able C.were not able D.are not able 4.If you asked your father,you _ permission.A.may get B.might get C.should have called D.maybe get 5._today,he would get there by Friday.A.Would he leave B.Was he leaving C.Were he to leave D.If he leaves 6._I you,I would go with him to

27、the party.A.Was B.Had been C.Will be D.Were 7.Had Paul received six more votes in the last election,he _our chairman now.A.must have been B.would have been C.were D.would be 8._ the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A.In spite of B.But for C.Because of D.As for 9.Look

28、at the terrible situation I am in!If only I _your advice A.follow B.would follow C.had followed D.have followed 10.If the horse won today,it _ thirty races in five years.A.would have won B.won C.must have won D.did have won 11.There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,_a sud

29、den loud noise.A.being there B.should there be C.there was D.there having been 12.If you hadnt taken such a long time to get dressed,wed_ there by now.A.be B.circles C.is circling D.be circling 13.I wish I _ with her.A.would be B.am C.was D.were 14.The picture exhibition bored me to death.I wish I_

30、to it.A.had not gone B.have not gone C.did not go D.can not have gone 15.George would certainly have attended the meeting,_.A.if he didnt get a flat tire B.if the flat tire hadnt happened C.had he not had a flat tire D.had the tire not flattened itself 16.The teacher suggested that her students _ ex

31、periences with ESP.A.write a composition on their B.to write composition about the C.wrote some compositions of his or her D.had written any compositions for his 17.He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese.A.were B.had been C.is D.has been 18.Looking round the town,he felt as though he _ aw

32、ay for ages.A.has been B.was C.is D.had been 19.Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation.A.do B.dont C.didnt D.didnt do 20.It is important that the TOEFL office _ your registration.A.will confirm B.confirm C.confirms D.must confir

33、m 21.Without electronic computers,much of todays advanced technology _.A.will not have been achieved B.have not been achieved C.would not have been achieved D.had not been achieved 22.He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he _a Chinese.A.were B.had been C.is D.has been 23.It is time that the governmen

34、t _measures to protect the rare birds and animals.A.takes B.took C.has taken D.taking 24.Some people are too particular about school records,insisting that every applicant _ all diplomas from elementary school to university.A.has B.will have C.should have D.must have 25.He was very busy yesterday,ot

35、herwise he _ to the meeting.A.would come B.came C.would have come D.had come 26.If I had seen the movie,I _ you all about it now.A.would tell B.will tell C.have told D.would have told 27.I had hoped that John _ a year in Africa,but he stayed there only for three months.A.spends B.spent C.would spend

36、 D.will spend 28.Its high time they_ this road.A.mend B.mended C.must have mended D.will mend 29.Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war.A.take B.took C.have taken D.will take 30.Hes working hard for fear that he_.A.should fall behind B.fell behind C.may fall behind D.would fa

37、ll behind 31.In the past men generally preferred that their wives_ in the home.A.worked B.would work C.work D.were working 32.For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one,it requires that the child _ psychologically ready for the new idea.A.is B.were C.be D.would be 33.Your advi

38、ce that_ till next week is reasonable.A.she waits B.she wait C.wait she D.she waited 34.It was essential that we lease before the end of the month.A.sing B.singed C.had signed D.were signing 35.I advised that the sick child _ a hospital as soon as possible.A.should send to B.should be sent C.be went

39、 to D.must be sent to 36.The workers in the factory demanded that their pay _ be 20 percent.A.be raised B.would be raised C.raised D.raise 37.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A.obeys B.obey C.will obey D.would obey 38.My suggestion is that she _ more exercise,which will do a

40、 lot of good to her.A.takes B.must take C.take D.took 39.If only I _ driving before.A.learn B.learned C.had learned D.would learn 40._ she _ yesterday,she would meet the famous singer today.A.If,didnt leave B.Had not,left C.Hadnt,left D.Didnt,leave 答案 1 20:ABABC DDBCA BADAC AADDB 21 40:CDBCC ACBBA C

41、CBAC ABCCC 高考虚拟语气:1.-If he _,he _ that food.-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(93 N)A.was warned would not take B.had been warned would not have taken C.would be warned had not taken D.would have been warned had not taken 2.I didnt see your sister at the meeting.If she _,she would hav

42、e met my brother.(94 N)A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come 3.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it looks as if it _.(95 N)A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 4.You didnt let me drive.If we _ in turn,you _ so tired.(96 N)A.drove didnt get B.drove wouldnt get C.were driv

43、ing wouldnt get D.had driven wouldnt have got 5.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion.Otherwise,she _ something she would regret later.(96 上 海)A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said 6.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _ a goal.(01 上 海春季)A.had scored B.s

44、cored C.would score D.would have scored 7.What would have happened,_ as far as the river bank?(01 上 海)A.Bob had walked farther B.if Bob should walk farther C.had Bob walked farther D.if Bob walked farther 8.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,at the age of seven,w

45、ith the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(02 上 海)A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 9._ be sent to work there?(02 上 海)A.What do you suggest B.Who do you suggest that should C.Do you suggest who should D.Do you suggest whom should 10.How I wish every family _ a larg

46、e house with a beautiful garden!(02 上 海春季)A.has B.had C.will have D.had had 11.-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York?-I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.(05 江苏卷)A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what Keys:BDCDD DCBAB B