初中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习(教师版)44052.pdf

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1、 1 初中阅读理解细节题解题技巧及练习（教师版）初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。（一）细节题 细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。1设题方式 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达

2、主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。其主要提问方式是：1）True or NOT true 是非判断类型 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?Which of the following statements is NOT true?Which of the following is NOT considered as?According to the passage,which of

3、 the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasons for?2）特殊疑问词提问类型 How many？What/who/when/where/how/why?3）排序题类型 Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?4）例证题类型 The author gives the example in paragraph in order to 5）表唯一细节概念题类型：the most/est the only 2技巧点拨 做这类题的一般方法是先要找出题干或是选项中的关键字，

4、一般为数字、大写或人名地名，再通过 scanning 快速确定该细节在文中的出处（信息源），仔细对照题干要求，排除或选择。命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生，即对原句细微处做改动，截取原文词语或结构进行改造，因果倒置，把 A 的观点说成 B 的观点等。所以正确理解题干和信息句的意义是关键。细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。是非判断一般都遵循对照选项进行“三对一错或三错一对”的判断。若该信息句是长句或难句，要学会找出其主干部分，分析句子结构，正确理解信息句的意义。一定要注意的是，要所答是所问，不要受到惯势

5、思维的影响，习惯性地去选择正确的细节事实，切记要弄清问题，不要所答非所问。例证题一定要注意以 for example,such as 等关键入手处，找出细节出处。排序题要先仔细观察选项，找出首尾相同的选项分组，进而通过具体细节信息比较进行排除和选择。唯一细节题一定要仔细审题，弄清题干所需。特别需要提醒的是，选项中出现有 most（最高级）、the only（唯一）、all（所有）、none（全否）修饰的细节，都具有绝对性，选择判断时要慎选。（1）题干定位法 细节题通常考查考生对于某些重要信息进行迅速、准确地寻找的能力。提问常常用特殊疑问词 what,when,where,who,whose,h

6、ow,why 等引出。做这样的题，可以采用“题干定位法”，即先弄清楚题干问什么，然后直接到文中寻找相关信息。带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易 2 抓住文中与问题相关的信息点。（2）跳读捕捉信息法 针对这样的题目，同学们只要运用 Skimming（略读）的方法，先整体上阅读文章，然后从原文中找到相关语句进行理解分析，就可以确定答案。要注意的是，不要孤立地理解单个句子，而要结合上下文语境来理解。专项练习 （1）Dear Disney,Last weekend,the four members of my family spent an enjoyable holiday at the Magic

7、Kingdom-Disneyland.And one event made our visit seem truly magical.We got to the front of the line at Space Mountain,only to find out that our little daughter Gloria couldnt take her ice-cream on the ride.We were so excited that we all forgot ice-cream was not allowed on the ride.Gloria broke into t

8、ears and we all had no idea what to do.Then Murphy,one of the staff(员工)members,came over.She bent down and told Gloria that she would hold the ice-cream for her and give it to her when she finished the ride.Gloria said,Promise?Then she gave Murphy her ice-cream,and she completely enjoyed the ride.Su

9、re enough,as we walked out the exit,there was Glorias new friend with her ice-cream.Now you and I both know what happened,because we know that an ice-cream wont last twenty minutes on a summer afternoon in Florida.Murphy knew what time we would get off the ride;she went to the nearest shop and bough

10、t a brand-new ice-cream thirty seconds before we walked out the exit.Gloria said,Thank you,but Im sure she thought it was the same ice-cream.We know that someone tried hard to make our visit special.Thanks so much for going above and beyond!Your fan,Carmen Rivera 74.The familys visit to the Magic Ki

11、ngdom was _.A)helpful B)awful C)frightening D)amazing 分析：细节题，从文章第一段“one event made our visit seem truly magical”，从 magical 的意思可以选出 D 选项。75.Before the ride,Gloria cried because _.A)she couldnt find her parents in the line B)she was too little to take the ride C)she couldnt take her ice-cream on the r

12、ide D)she had to wait for twenty minutes 分析：细节题，从文章的第二段，“Gloria couldnt take her ice-cream on the ride”可以选出 C选项。76.Murphy was waiting for Gloria _ after the ride.A)in the ice-cream shop B)at the exit C)in the front of the line D)at the entrance 分析：细节题，从文章的第四段“as we walked out the exit”可以选出 B 的选项。77.

13、In order to keep the promise,Murphy _.A)took Gloria to the nearest shop B)asked her new friend to help Gloria C)helped Gloria get off the ride D)bought a new ice-cream for Gloria 分析：细节题，从文章的第四段“bought a brand-new ice-cream”可以选出 D 选项。79.Carmen Rivera wrote the letter to _.A)order ice-creams B)promise

14、 to visit again C)express her thanks D)give some suggestions 3 分析：细节题，从文章的最后一段，可以选出 C 的选项。注意 express 是表达的意思。（2）You probably know you should say please and thank you at restaurants.You probably know the rules of a library.You know you should respect and be nice lo your classmates.But do you have musi

15、c manners?Keep It Down!You have to notice the volume of your music.You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it.Some people might even get angry.Usually,when you play the music loud on an MP3 player,other people cant hear the words of the song.They just hear a loud sou

16、nd.Not one wants to listen to this.Very loud music can also be bad for your ears,so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player,you shouldnt have it turned up too high.Take Them Off!You need to know when to turn your MP3 player off and put it away.Libraries and schools dont allow MP3 play

17、ers.There are other places,like museums,that dont have rules,but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on.Sometimes,it just doesnt make sense to listen your MP3 player at event.Why would you listen to music at a play,a movie or a sporting event?You would miss what is going on and others would won

18、der why you even came.Take One Out!Once in a while its okay just to take out one earphone.Imagine you are listening on your MP3 player when someone asks you the way.It would not be rude to take out one earphone,tell him the way,and put back the earphone and continue listening.You can also do this wh

19、en you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and its not for you.Its Your Choice!There are times when you need to decide what is best.For example,some people can listen to music on their MP3 players when read books,while others think it is disturbing.In cases like thi

20、s,you need 10 do what seems right for you.79.No one wants to listen to_ from others MP3 players.A)a loud sound B)sad stories C)a long movie D)the words of a song 【参考答案】A 细节题 【思路解析】第二段倒数第三行“Not one wants to listen to this.Very loud music can also be bad for your ears”，可以得出答案，选择 A 80.We should turn do

21、wn the music when we are alone because loud music .A)is not enjoyable B)makes us tired C)is bad for MP3 players D)hurts our ears 【参考答案】D 细节题【思路解析】根据第二段倒数第一行“Very loud music can also be bad for your ears,so even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 player,you shouldnt have it turned up too high

22、”得出结论，选择 D 82.We can take once earphone out when we_ A)show others the way B)talk to friends on the phone C)watch a sporting event D)have dinner with our parents 【参考答案】A 细节题 【思路解析】根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除 C 项和 D 项，A 和 B 在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的是“answer the telephone”这一短暂的动作，而 B 项是与朋友在“telephone”中聊天，是个延续性的动作，故选择 A （3）

23、4 The waier lap was leaking(漏水)again,and the noise was driving Cassie crazy.Cassie looked at her watch.It was nearly nine oclock.She climbed out of bed and stood on a chair by the shelf.Her mothers Mr Fix-It Book was on the top shelf.Cassie stepped down quietly.She read the book quickly until she fo

24、und the page she was looking for.and then began to read carefully.Next,Cassie opened a box in the kitchen and picked out the tools she needed a hammer,a wrench,and several small things,it was no easy job for her to do the repair,and she tried several times.Finally,the water tap was in pieces.One by

25、one.she carefully laid them out on the table.That way she would know how they went back.While this was going on.her cat walked over to watch what she was doing.Cassie worked late into the night.At one point,she thought she was done.Oops!A small piece that she had forgotten still lay on the table.Slo

26、wly Cassie took the water tap apart(分开)one more time.This time she made sure everything was in place.She turned the water tap on and then off.One.two.three.She waited a full minute.There was no leak!Cassie smiled and put the tools back into the box.Then she went back into bed.The next morning.Dad wa

27、s in the kitchen when Cassie got up.Notice anything.Dad?she asked.He looked around and listened.Hmm.somethings missing.I cant find out what it is.Wait,its too quiet in here!Thats right,Cassie said.Something is missing.I fixed the water tap.It doesnt leak any more”Thais my girl,Dad said.It s a.good t

28、hing you are really like your mother.78.The noise of_ was driving Cassic crazy.A)the tap B)her cat C)her father D)the clock【参考答案】A 细节题 【思路解析】本文第一句话：The waier lap was leaking(水)again,and the noise was driving Cassie crazy.80.Cassie took the water tap apart again because_.A)she had forgotten one piece

29、 B)the tap was still leaking C)the cat had taken one piece away D)she hadnt understood the book 【参考答案】A 细节题 【思路解析】从第四段的第三句和第四句可以得出答案：A small piece that she had forgotten still lay on the table.Slowly Cassie took the water tap apart(分开)one more time.81.The water tap wasnt fixed until_.A)nine oclock B

30、)late that night C)the next morning D)the next afternoon 【参考答案】B 细节题 【思路解析】从第四段的第一句可以得出答案：A small piece that she had forgotten still lay on the table.Slowly Cassie took the water tap apart(分开)one more time.此题考查的是时间，那么去文章中找的时候，可以看到 ABC 都出现过，一定要耐心的分析每个时间 Cassie 都做了什么。91.In the end,_fixed the water tap.A)Cassies mother B)Cassies father C)Mr.Fix-It D)Cassie 【参考答案】D 细节题 【思路解析】从第四段的倒数第三句可以得出答案：There was no leak!从文章最后 Cassie和她爸爸的对话中也可以得出答案