高考英语语法专题复习-倒装句和省略句41217.pdf

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1、 第 1 页 共 4 页 专题十六 倒装句和省略句 I、重点难点解析 倒转句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手：1）含有否定意味的词置于句首，部分倒装；2）only状语/状语从句置于句首，部分倒装；3）so/suchthat 句型中，so形容词/副词提前，部分倒装；4）表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要完全倒装。一 倒装句用法一览表 分类 倒装条件句型结构 例句 完全倒装 There be句型 There are many students in our school.表地点的介词短语置于句首：地点状语+谓语(be,lie,sit 等)+主语 Near the river is/stands a

2、pine tree.here,there,now,then(只用过去式),up,down,away,out 等副词位于句首 Out rushed the boy.Then came the teacher.直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装。结构：“,”said/asked sb.“You had better stay at home,”said my mother.强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡 Fastened to the pole is the national flag.We saw a house,in front of which stood a tall tree

3、.部分倒装 主谓宾结构的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句 Have you finished your homework?/Why did you buy it?seldom,never,little,hardly,nowhere,by no means,in no time等表否定意义的副词或短语置于句首。Seldom does he watch TV.By no means will I give up trying.Only+状语置于句首 Only when you have grown up can you understand your parents.not onlybut also连接并列

4、的句子，前倒后不倒 Not only does he do well in study,but also he is ready to help others.neithernor连接并列的句子，前后都倒 Neither do I know it,nor do I care about it.so/suchthat 中 such/so 的修饰成分置于句首时前倒后不倒 So fast did he speak that I didnt follow him./Such good players are they that they often win.as 引导的让步状语从句 Child as

5、he is,he knows a lot.so,neither 或 nor 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事 He can play the piano.So can I.we didnt win.Neither did they.表示祝愿的祈使句 May you have a good trip.省 略 if 的 虚 拟 条 件 句：结 构：Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语动词 Were I you,I would not do it this way.二 特别提示 1.There be 结构的倒装句型中，there 后还可接 lie,live,seem to be 等。第 2 页

6、 共 4 页 例如：There lived an old man in the village long long ago.2.here,there,now,then(只用过去式),up,down,away,out 等副词位于句首，主语为代词时不倒装。例如：Out he rushed.3.直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装。但是主语为代词时不倒装。“You had better stay at home,”she said.4.So 位于句首不倒装的情况：主语与前句相同，表赞同,译为“确实如此”。例句：-Mike studies hard.-So he does.（确实是。)比较:（-S

7、o do I.我也是。）5.表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事，前句如果列举了两种事实以上，用“So it is/was with sb/sth.”回答。-Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble.-So it is with his father.省略句 高考命题导向：省略是一种避免重复，保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，但在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫做省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。省略句用法一览表 分类 说明 例句 句子成分的省略 省略主语(It)Doesnt matter没

8、关系。省略谓语 I won the first race and Tom(won)the second 我赢了第一场比赛，汤姆赢了第二场。省略宾语 I dont know(it)我不知道这件事。省略表语 Is he a student?Yes，he is(a student)他是一名学生吗?是的，他是。省略定语 Part of the money belongs to my mother and the rest(of the money)belongs to my father一部分钱属于我妈妈，其余的钱属于我爸爸。省略状语 He was not hurt(How)Strange!他没有受伤

9、。真奇怪!省略从句 I would accept the invitation(if I were you)(如果我是你)我会接受邀请的。省略整句 Will you teach English to the students?Yes(I will teach English to the students)你要教学生英语吗?是的。小品词 的省略 省略介词 He is busy(in)doing his homework他正在忙着写作业。省略连词 that I am sure(that)we will succeed 我确信我们会成功。省略关系代词 This is the dress(which

10、)I bought in Shanghai 这是我在上海买的裙子。第 3 页 共 4 页 II、实战演练 根据括号中的提示完成句子。1.Not until _(I;shout)at the top of my voice _(he;turn)his head.2.I won the prize at last.Never in my life _(I;feel)so happy.3.Hardly _(the thief;see)the police _ he ran away.4.-Hurry up!There _(the bell;go).-My goodness!Has Mrs Li co

11、me yet?-Look!Here _(he;come)5.Not only _(he;like)singing,but _(he;have)a good voice.6.-David has passed the final exam smoothly.-So _(he;have),and _(I,have).7.So _(he;be frightened)in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.8.Up _(the balloon;go)into the air.9.At the foot of the mountain _

12、(a village;lie)10.Iv tried very hard to improve my English.But by no means _(the teacher,be satisfied)with my progress.11.If Joes wife doesnt go to the party,neither _.(他也不去)12.Should _(如果明天下雨),we would have to put off the sports meet.13.Child _(尽管只是孩子),he shows great consideration towards the other

13、s.14.-Mike hadnt passed the exam and was afraid of being scolded.固定结构中的省略 强调句型强调疑问词时，常省略强调句型中的 that When was it(that)you received his e-mail?你收到他的电子邮件是什么时候?在 if，when，though，as if 等连词引导从句时，如从句中的主要动词是 be，常将主语和 be 动词省略 If(it is)necessary，we will go there by air 如果有必要，我们会乘飞机去那里。Henry looked about as if(

14、he were)in search of something亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式可以省去和前面句子相同的动词，只保留不定式符号 to You may go home if you wish to(go home)如果你愿意，你可以回家了。由固定词组引导的疑问句 How about playing football?去蹋球怎么样?Why not go there with us?为什么不和我们一起去?用 so，not 等来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句义 Can he finish the work on time?I think so(I think

15、 he can finish the work on time)他能按时完成工作吗?我认为他能。并列复合句中一些相同的成分可以省略 We tried to help her but(we tried)in vain 我们试着帮助她，但是没有用。This clock works well but that one doesnt(work well)这个钟表运行得很好，但是那个不行。第 4 页 共 4 页-_.(我也一样)15._(我们一听到铃声)than we rushed into the classroom.16.-He hasnt finished the work yet.-Well,h

16、e _.(本该完成)17.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _(see)whether he was going in the right direction.18.-Is your mother a teacher?-No,but she _.(过去是)19.-Do you know Annas telephone number?-_.(恐怕不知)As a matter of fact,I dont know any Anna,either.20.-Who should be responsible for the a

17、ccident?-The boss,not the workers.They just carried out the order _(按被告诉的).答案：1.I shouted;did he turn 2.have I felt 3.had the thief seen;when 4.goes the bell;he comes 5.does he;he has 6.he has;so have I 7.frightened was he 8.went the balloon 9.lies a village 10.is the teacher satisfied 11.will he 12.it rain tomorrow 13.as/though he is 14.So it was with me.15.No sooner had we heard the ring 16.should/ought to have 17.to see 18.used to be 19.Im afraid not 20.as told