高考英语第二轮总复习提升突破专题08阅读填空（讲练）45540.pdf

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1、1专题 8 阅读填空【构建知识体系】阅读填空考点 1 细节理解类题型考点 2 篇章结构类题型2017-2019 年全国高考卷本专题考查分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布2017第二节文章讲述了三年前，作者对露营一无所知，也不认为自己会喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次露营的经历，作者和他的家人开始爱上了露营。记叙文阅读填空2018第二节文章讲述了室内设计中颜色的选择问题说明文阅读填空2019第二节文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处。新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人。说明文阅读填空2017-2019 年全国高考卷本专题考查分布

2、明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布2017第二节本文介绍了如何有效应对他人的过渡打搅的方法说明文阅读填空2018第二节列举了早晨锻炼对人体的四条好处，号召人们早点起床，进行身体锻炼。说明文阅读填空2019第二节文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出说明文阅读理解2了一些方法。2017-2019 年全国高考 III 卷本专题考查分布明细统计年份章节素材话题体裁考点分布2017第二节主要介绍了几条关于调整好生物钟的建议说明文阅读填空2018第二节文章主要介绍了跳舞的好处。说明文阅读填空2019第二节作为学生该如何与网络课程的教授进行相处呢？文中就此提出了该做和不该做的建议。说明文阅读填空【考纲解读】

3、考试大纲要求考纲解读给出一篇缺少 5 个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选择正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考查考生的逻辑思维能力，也就是对上下文之间、层次之间逻辑关系的判断能力主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构，以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）；过渡性句子（文章结构）；注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。【剖析全国高考真题】预测高考命题方向1.【2019全国 I】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Is FreshAir ReallyGoodfor You?We all grew up hear

4、ingpeople tell us to“go out and get some fresh air.”_36_According to recentstudies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good._37_ If the air youre breathing is clean-which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities-thenthe air is filled with life-giving，energizin

5、g oxygen.If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe3more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈)._38_ In these places patients can go to be near nature dur

6、ing their recovery.It turns out that just lookingat green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greeneryis good for us.Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate thanpatients who see buildings

7、or sky instead._39_ It gives us a great feeling of peace._40_While the suns rays can age and harm our skin,they also give is beneficial Vitamin D.To make sureyou get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takessunscreen about fifteen minutes to star

8、t working,and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth ofVitamin D.A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.B.So what are you waiting for?C.Being in nature refreshes us.D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?F

9、.Just as importantly,we tend to associate air with health care.G.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.【答案】36.E37.A38.G39.C40.D【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新鲜空气的好处。新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们的身心健康均有好处。人们已经开始利用大自然和治愈疾病的关系，建造“康复花园”，治疗病人。36.E 根据下一句中“the answer is a big YES”可知，该空应该是一

10、个一般疑问句，选项中只有 E 选项是一般疑问句。空前的 people tell us to“go out and get some fresh air”和选项中的“your mother always said”呼应。37.A 该空格为主题句。根据空格后下一句“If the air youre breathing is clean-which it would be if youre awayfrom the smog of.”以及本段内容可知，本部分主要讲述新鲜空气可以清洗我们的肺部，A 项符合题意。38.G 根据下一句中提到的“these places”可以推知，该空应该提到表示地点的复数

11、名词。选项中只有 G 选项提到“康复花园”这一类地点名词，these places 就是指 Healing Gardens。39.C 前文介绍的是“康复花园”中的绿色植物对于病人康复的好的作用空后提到“它给我们一种平和感”。该空起承上启下的作用，仍然要提到处于“康复花园”这种自然环境中的好处，空后的it 也要指代这种情况。C4选项指出身处大自然可以使人精神焕发符合题意。40.D 由下文中提到的“the suns raysgive us beneficial Vitamin D”可知，该段介绍的阳光的好处。故该选项应该提到阳光。D 选项指出获得新鲜空气的另一个好处是阳光符合题意。2.【2019全

12、国 II】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of same coin._36_Like the child onthedivingboard,you w

13、ill stay undecided._37_More than that,how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal?First,you need to evaluateyourself,your values your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires,etc.Only then should youryoure your goalsYou also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivatio

14、n.This is quite important,because it is directlyrelated to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work._38_ So,slow down andthink what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze yo

15、ur short and long term objectives,keeping in mind yourbeliefs,values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible._39_ They also need to be measurable.Youmust keep these points in mind while setting your goals.Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example,you may want to be a Pilot

16、 but cant becomeone because your eyesight is not good enough._40_You should reassess your goals,and motivate yourself toset a fresh goal.You will surely need to overcome some difficulties,some planned,but most unplanned.You cannot overcomethem without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for the

17、se difficulties at the time of setting your goals.A.This can affect your work.B.So how should you motivate yourself?C.However,this should not discourage you.D.So why should we try to set specific goals?E.They can change according to circumstances.F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.G

18、.Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it5【答案】36.G37.B38.A39.E40.C【解析】【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了一些方法。36.G【答案与解析】考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“动机和目标设定是同一枚硬币的两面”。下文说“就像孩子在跳水台，难以决定”。该空承上启下，G 选项“没有目标，你就既不能设定目标，也无法实现它”切题，故选 G。37.B【答案与解析】考查上下文的语境理解。下文说“不仅如此，你应该如何为实现你的目标保持积极性”。该空引出下文，B 选项“那么你应该如何激

19、励自己呢”切题，故选 B。38.A【答案与解析】考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“有时候你的心不在工作上”，下文说“所以，减慢速度，想一想那时候，你到底想干什么”。该空承上启下，A 选项“这会影响你的工作”切题，故选 A。39.E【答案与解析】考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“记得，目标是灵活的”。该空承接上文，E 选项“它们会根据环境的改变而改变”切题，故选 E。40.C【答案与解析】考查上下文的语境理解。上文说“你可能想当一名飞行员，但是不能成为一名飞行员，因为你的视力不够好。”下文说“你应该重新评估你的目标，并且设定一个新的目标”。该空承上启下，C 选项“然而，这也不要使你沮丧”切题，故选 C。

20、3.【2019全国 III】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。In an online class,developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important._36_While I have only listed two of each,there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should beable to extend the logic(逻辑)of

21、each to their particular circumstance.Dos _37_ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the coursedesign,read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isnt hidingin plain sight.Participate in discussion forums(论坛),

22、blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue._38_ Be sureto stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.Make a point,and make it safe for others to do the same.Donts Dont share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses,financial aid experts or yourbest friends.If you

23、 are in need of a deadline extension,simply explain the situation to the professor._39_6 Dont openly express annoyance at a professor or class._40_ When a student attacks a professor on thesocial media,the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a profess

24、orsprofessionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.A.Thats what they are for.B.Turn to an online instructor for help.C.If more information is needed,they will ask.D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.E.Below are some common dos and d

25、on ts for online learners.F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.G.Ask questions,but make sure they are good,thoughtful questions.【答案】36.E37.G38.A39.C40.F【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作为学生该如何与网络课程的教授进行相处呢？文中就此提出了该做和不该做的建议。36.E 在后句中作者提到“只是列举了其中两个，还有很多会出现的类似情况”，而文章内容则主要是介绍了对于网上学习者一些常见的要

26、做的和不能做的事情，由此推断空格处内容和此有关，是引出文章主题的句子。故判断 E 选项符合语境。37.G 本段主要介绍了如何提问，提问什么样的问题。而空格处于段落小标题的位置，由此推断内容应该能概括本段中心，而且内容和 question 有关。故判断选 G。38.A 文章开头提出要和培养和教授健康良好的沟通交流模式，所以参与论坛讨论，博客等进行对话就是这些活动的目的所在。由此推断 A 选项可以承接上文，是对前句的进一步解释。39.C 该部分谈到了和教授沟通时不应该做的事情。本段谈到不要去和教授们分享你的个人信息和故事，最后进行总结，如果（他们）需要更多的信息，他们就会问的，C 项符合题意。40

27、.F 该部分谈到不要在教授的课上公开表达你的不满。紧接着文中文中空格处可以提出，每个人都会有那么一两次不怎么愉快的上课经历，再结合下文可知告诫学生不要和老师们产生冲突。故 F 项符合题意。【高考预测】纵观近两年全国高考试题，预测 2020 年全国高考试题还会体裁以说明文和议论文为主（300 词左右），且结构清晰（提出问题解决问题），过程完整，适合考查标7题概括、主题句和过渡句等。以考查细节理解类题型为主。【精讲研法】课堂讲解突破核心考点考点一细节理解类题型（1）词汇复现【例 1】典 例_39_If you ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your

28、circumstance.But there s a difference betweenbeing a victim and living with a“victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust testedor violated.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.规律方法 1：词汇复现法复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下

29、文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。包括原词复现、同源词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。【变式精练】(2015全国片段)Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._36_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work bestfor you or feel best o

30、n your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day.BFor a good marathon runnerCBefore you begin your training 解题思路空格前讲到一个观点：马拉松训练需要精心准备，下面的论述必须在“准备”这一范畴内，且下文中出现了“During the

31、 first week”等时间词汇，本题是指开始训练前的准备。此题属词汇同现，故选 _C_（2）代词线索8【例 2】But it seems that many people dont cook fish at home.Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish perperson per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.Buying，storing，and cooking fish isntdifficult._17_This text is abo

32、ut how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.ADo not buy it.DIt just requires a little knowledge.解题思路空格上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪并不难，启承上句，此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。D 选项中的代词“It”指代前面提到的“Buying，storing，and cooking fish”。学科网答案：_D_规律方法 2：代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。it 可指代单数名词或整个句子

33、；they 或 them 指代复数名词;one 指代单数可数名词；that 指 代不可数名词或句子；this 指代单数名词或句子；these 或 those指代前句的复数名词。【变式精练】73 They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize thereal cause of the anger,then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about.B.They said that laughter is much healthie

34、r than anger.F.Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time.G.Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger.【答案】G【解析】73 空后的 they 与 A 项 doctors 照应。（3）数字线索【例 3】As in China,the weather is different from area to area._17_ The temperatures canfall to 60，which is 60below free

35、zing.In the capital,Ottawa,the average of wintertemperature is 10,and in summer 21._18_ The average January temperature is 3,and in July it is 18F.In the North,the winters are long and hard with snow for six months.G.The west coast of Canada is the warmest place in winter【答案】17.F18.G9规律方法 3：数字线索包括具体

36、数字以及和数字相关的词汇诸如 ratio,rate 等等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。【变式精练】Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores 72 Of the11 products that did contain strawberries,five of them contained less than one percent real fruitIn addition,each juice box contained

37、nearly eight teaspoons of sugarAThe products which contain real fruit are popular with people.BEven products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit.CThey found that about 60 percent of them didnt contain any fruit at all.DIf companies can cut their costs by using flavoring,they are like

38、ly to do so.E.It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products.F.Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all.G.The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging.【答案】72.C（4）逻辑

39、关系线索【例 4】A code uses symbols to replace words，phrases，or sentences.To read the message of a real code，you musthave a code book.With_a_code_book，_you_might_write_down_words_that_would_stand_for_other_words.Forexample，“bridge”might stand for“meet”and“out”might stand for“me”.The message“Bridge out”woul

40、d actually mean“Meet me.”_40_ However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codesmust be changed frequently.AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.解题思路根据空格后的 However 可知前后句之间存在逻辑上的转折关系。上文指出了利用密码本破解密码的方10式。根据后文的“However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for lo

41、ng.”可知，没有密码本很难破解密码。答案 _A_规律方法 4：逻辑关系线索(a)并列与递进关系：and,or,also，neithernor,eitheror,likewise,similarly,equally,in the same way,that is to say,as well as,the same as,besides,additionally,furthermore,moreover,in addition to,what is more(b)因果关系：because,for,since,as,thus,hence,therefore,so,sothat,consequen

42、tly,accordingly,due to,thanks to,as a result,because of,in that,for this reason,of course(c)转折让步关系：but,however,yet,on the contrary,by contrast,on the other hand,unfortunately,while,whereas,unlike,rather than,instead of,it is true that,of course,although,though,even though,even if,nevertheless,despit

43、e,in spite of(d)时间关系：afterwards,at first,at last,finally,first,firstly,in the first place,to start with，in the mean time,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,to begin with 以及一些具体的时间。【变式精练】BuildingTrust in a Relationship AgainYou didnt lose“everything”.Once trust is lost，what is left？In

44、stead of looking at the situation fromthis hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life._40_Instead，its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember

45、 that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre ignoring what happened.解题思路答案 _G_考点二细节理解类题型（1）问题在段首或是小标

46、题【例 1】3Every day,when she comes back home from work,she sets about doing housework,sweeping theliving room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture,and putting everything in good order.She seems to be busy all11the time.As she has been very busy working every day,she looks older than her age.But she l

47、ooks as cheerful andhappy as ever.Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself,but she often buys some inexpensive but highquality clothes for us.A.She enjoys listening to classic music.C.She loves her students and cares for them.D.She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.E.My mothe

48、r is hard-working and never wastes money.【答案】3.E【解析】本题考查主旨概括句。本段内容主要写了“她下班就做家务”，其次是“她从不给自己买昂贵的衣服，从不去高档的饭店吃饭。”说明妈妈既勤劳又节俭。所以应选 E。学科网【例 2】3When a person is asking a question,show interest and a desire to understand the question by listening and askingfor clarification.Buy timeWhen facing a hard questio

49、n,most people cant give an answer immediatelyBuy time by repeating the question inyour own words4These techniques allow you to quickly organize your thoughts as well as to make sureyou will be correctly answering the questionSuggest a private meetingAone-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than speak

50、ing in front of your peers5A.Show your true interest.B.Restate the question with respect.C.Some ideas can be quite concrete.D.There were many difficult questions.E.It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.F.You many also ask for clarification on the question.G.Here are some ideas that can h