2019年高考英语语法专题考点梳理与练习---名词性从句900.pdf
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1、2019 年高考英语语法专题考点梳理与练习-名词性从句 一、考点梳理。1.根据语境考查不同连接词的辨析 Why not try your luck downtown,Bob Thats_ the best jobs are.where 在此引导表语从句,表示“的地方”。又如:This is where the river is the deepest.这是河流的最深处。This is where I first met her.这就是我初次与她会面的地方。2.考查 what 的用法(1)_matters most in learning English is enough practice.w
2、hat 在此引导主语从句,相当于 the thing that。(2)_parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children.what 在此引导主语从句,相当于 the thing that 3.根据句法功能考查连接词的选用 Choosing the right dictionary depends on_you want to use it for.what 用以引导宾语从句,用作介词 on 的宾语,其中的 what 在从句中用作介词 for 的宾语。4.考查 whatever 等的用法 Could I speak to_is
3、 in charge of International Sales,please whoever 有两个主要用法:一是用于引导名词性从句,其意思相当于 the person who;二是用于引导状语从句,其意思相当于 no matter who。句中的 whoever引导宾语从句,用作介词 to 的宾语,5.在复杂结构中考查名词性从句的使用 Having checked the doors were closed,and_all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to his bedroom.that 在此用于引导宾语从句,用作动词 che
4、ck 的宾语。这是一个比较复杂的句子,句中的现在分词 having checked 带有两个宾语从句(that)the doors were closed 和 that all the lights were off,只是前面一个宾语从句省略了引导词 that。6.考查同位语从句的运用 A warm thought suddenly came to me_I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.that 在此引导同位语从句,修饰 A warm thought。此题的难点是 A warm t
5、hought与其同位语从句被分离开了。二、要点点拨 名词性从句必记考点 一、that 从句 1that 从句作主语时,常用 it 作形式主语,常见的句型有:(1)It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certain,probable,etc.)+that 从句。It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.(2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder,an
6、honour,a good thing,a pity,no surprise,etc.)+that 从句。Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.不要惊奇,我们队本来就应赢得比赛。(3)It+be+过 去 分 词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that 从句。It is decided that the meeting has been put off till nextMonday.根据决定这个会议已经被推迟到下周一。注意:在
7、口语和非正式文体中that常可省略。在非常短的句子中,that总是不必要的。Its a pity(that)youre leaving.你要走,真遗憾。但that从句位于句首时,连接词that是绝对不能省略的。That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.我们被邀请去参加今夜的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息。(4)以下情况用虚拟语气:,It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted(坚持要,一定要)that sb.(should)do st
8、h.It is necessary/important/strange/natural that sb.(should)do sth.2作动词的宾语 (1)常见的可以接 that 从句作宾语的动词有 see,say,know,imagine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,make 等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如 think,make,consider 等,可以用 it 作形式宾语,此时 that 不可省略。注意:一个句子中有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。(2)that 从句一般不能充当介词的宾语
9、,偶尔可作 except,in,but 的宾语。He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上。其他介词后面需要用 that 从句作宾语时,必须用 it 作形式宾语。You may depend on it that I shall always help you.我会一直帮助你,你要相信这一点。3作形容词的宾语 某些形容词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词有 sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surpri
10、sed,satisfied 等,连接词 that 可省略。Im afraid you dont understand what I said just now.我担心你没有明白我刚才说了什么。4作表语 (1)连接词 that 不可省略。(2)主句的主语是 reason,则表语从句只能用 that 引导。(3)主句的主语是 advice,suggestion,order,proposal 等时,表语从句应用“should+动词原形”,should 可以省略。5作同位语 The news that the plane will take off on time makes everyone hap
11、py.飞机将按时起飞的消息使每个人都很高兴。特别注意:that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别 连接词that引导同位语从句时,应放在某些抽象名词之后。如:fact,hope,desire,thought,suggestion,idea,news,problem,possibility等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,连接词that只起引导同位语从句的作用,在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。关系代词that引导定语从句时,关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用,但另一方面,that在定语从句中担当主语或宾语。若作宾语,还可以省略。但是,引导同位语从句的that一般不能
12、省略。The news that our football team won the match was really encouraging(同位语从句)我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。The news(that)we heard on the radio was not true.(定语从句)我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。【例】The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A.what B.which C.that D.though【答案】C
13、 【例】News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A.which B.what C.that D.where【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句的用法。在该题中 that 引导了一个同位语从句来解释说明 news 的内容,由于该题把同位语从句后置了,所以很多考生由于不能正确分析句子结构而错误选择了 D 项。二、wh-疑问从句 1作主语,常用 it 作形式主语 It has not been decided yet who will preside at the meeting
14、.由谁来主持会议还没有确定。主语从句如果是用what,whatever,whoever等引导的,表示一个具体的东西或人,这种主语从句不能用it来替换。What he found interested me greatly.他的发现使我很感兴趣。Whoever has finished may rest 谁完工了就可以休息。【例】A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing Ahow Bwhom Cwhen Dwhich【答案】C【解析】本题对学生来说较难,不容
15、易看的懂.本句意为”就在我准备去北京前,我儿时的一位好朋友到我家里来了.”2作直接宾语 特别注意:wh-疑问从句还可作介词的宾语,但if从句不能作介词的宾语。It all depends(on)how we solve the problem.这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。3作表语【例】The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother.A.where B.what
16、 C.how D.who 【答案】A 4作某些形容词的宾语 You must be careful what you do.你必须小心你所做的事情。5作同位语 The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion.关于为什么这么多的人们将选择住在乡下而在城市工作的这个问题还在讨论中。三、名词性关系从句可主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语 名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。what=the th
17、ing(s)that/which whoever=anyone who whichever=anyone/anything that whatever=anything that where=the place where when=the time when 注意:连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问,但what,when,where等连接词有两种含义,一种表示疑问(即:什么,何时,何地),另一种表示陈述(即the thing that,the time when,the place where)。【例】The how to book can be of help to wants to do t
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