通用版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit3ScienceandnatureB卷课后分层集训4772.pdf

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1、 1 通用版高三英语一轮复习第 1 部分基础知识解读Unit3ScienceandnatureB卷课后分层集训牛津译林版必修 5.阅读理解 A(2017济南高三模拟)People need to seek out new foods because the world has so many mouths to feed.As of 2015，there are more than seven billion people on Earth，according to the United Nations.And by 2100 that number may double.Feeding al

2、l of these people means not only improving the way foods are grown，but also finding new sources of nutrition.And that_quest is becoming ever more urgent.If nothing changes，within 35 years，the worlds appetite will be greater than the amount of foods produced.Thats according to a report released last

3、year.It was prepared by the Global Harvest Initiative，a private agriculture group based in Washington，D.C.Global warming，too，is changing food production.Scientists predict that rising temperatures will reduce the growth of important crops like wheats，corns and soybeans.Lowincome developing countries

4、 will be hit the hardest.When harvests fall，crops become more expensive.And since those foods are also used to feed animals like cows and pigs，meat prices，too，will rise.All over the world，researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world.And

5、some surprising ideas have begun to come up.Two years ago，scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab.The project cost more than$300，000，but its a start.Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought.Still others are finding ways to imp

6、rove the genes of meat animals so they produce more meat and can stand the heat.A gloomy(悲观的)forecast for the planet isnt the only reason to study foods for the future.Its a creative quest that will inspire people who can think in new ways about existing plants and animalseven insects.These research

7、ers have used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.【语篇解读】本文主要讲的是在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。2 1What do the underlined words“that quest”in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe research on foods.BThe increase of population.CThe variety of nutrition.DThe change of appetite.A 词义猜测题。根据第

8、一段的最后一句及下文的食物研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。2How does global warming affect lowincome developing countries?aIncrease meat prices.bRaise the temperature.cReduce the growth of crops.dLead to the high cost of life.eCause a higher price for crops.Abacde Bcabde Cdecab Dbcead D 细节理解题。根据第三段的整体内容可知，全球变暖首先是导致气温上升，然后是农作物减产，

9、从而农作物价格上涨，进而肉类涨价，最终会导致人们生活成本增加。3What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?ANew ways of farming.BSome great researchers.CProgress in food research.DAchievements in lab experiments.C 段落大意题。根据第四段的第二句“And some surprising ideas have begun to come up”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，本段主要讲述的是食物研究方面的进步。4What will be discusse

10、d in the following paragraph?AExamples of successful food researchers.BDifferent opinions about the future food.CMethods of dealing with global warming.DPossibilities of feeding the present population.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“These researchers have used their talents in ways that even they never would ha

11、ve predicted”并结合本段的整体内容可推知，下文会举一些成功的食物研究者的例子。B(2017合肥高三检测)Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have 3 existed on the planet，and they can grow to a length of 100 feet and weigh more than 330，000 pounds.But recently researchers have found that these whales are on the move and they have mi

12、grated from California waters to areas off Canada and Alaska for the first time since commercial whaling ended in 1965.The researchers identified 15 blue whales that have appeared off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska since 1997.Four of these whales were recognized as ones that we

13、re once sighted off California shores，suggesting that the whales are returning to an old migration pattern between the coasts.Before commercial whaling began in the early 1900s，blue whales were found widely throughout the North Pacific and California waters.But from the 1920s to the 1960s，whaling se

14、verely reduced the whale populations.Blue whales never recovered in the North Pacific，making sightings in this area rare.However，much larger groups of whales have been observed close to California since the 1970s.The scientists had previously thought that the California population was separate from

15、the population that had historically lived in the North Pacific waters.But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.To identify the blue whales，the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the

16、North Pacific Ocean and compared them with a library of blue whale pictures taken along the west coast of the United States and Southern Pacific.Up to now，the researchers are not quite sure why the whales are changing their migration patterns，but they suspect that the whales may be following their f

17、ood moving farther north by the changes in ocean conditions.【语篇解读】本文主要讲的是蓝鲸的迁移以及有可能引起迁移的原因。5According to the passage，blue whales are _ Afollowing a fixed route of migration Bdying out due to commercial whaling Cmoving from the south to the north Drarely found in the Southern Pacific C 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后

18、一句中的“the whales may be following their food moving farther north”可推出，蓝鲸正从南向北移动。故选 C。6The whale population in the North Pacific _ Ais different from the California population Bis probably part of the California population 4 Chas become the largest group since the 1970s Dhas lived there since the 1960

19、s B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“But the current study shows that whales off the coast of British Columbia and the Gulf of Alaska are likely part of the California population.”可知，选 B。7The underlined word“cetaceans”in Paragraph 5 probably means _ Aland creatures Bwhale species Cocean conditions Dmigration patterns

20、B 词义猜测题。根据第五段中的“To identify the blue whales，the researchers looked at photos of cetaceans taken in the North Pacific Ocean”可知，为了辨认蓝鲸，研究者看在北太平洋拍摄的有关 cetaceans 的照片，所以 cetaceans 应该指的是鲸类。故选 B。8What might make blue whales migrate according to the researchers?ACommercial whaling.BWeather conditions.CLife

21、reproduction.DFood resources.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but they suspect that the whales may be following their food moving farther north”可知，研究者怀疑蓝鲸有可能跟随着它们的食物向北移动。故选 D。.完形填空(2017广东揭阳一中高三阶段考试)On an airplane as she was flying across the United States，Dr.Jane Goodall noticed a woman sitting next to her.She aske

22、d the woman why she was so tired，and the woman said she was absolutely_1_because shed been up at two in the morning trying to _2_the water.Her young daughter was in an environmental group at school and her daughters passion had turned to making sure her_3_was ecofriendly.They were staying at the wom

23、ans brothers house the night before her trip，and in the middle of the night her daughter woke up to the _4_of a dripping faucet(水龙头)The daughter asked for_5_turning it off as the faucet handle was _6_.The only way to _7_the leak was to dig to the pipe in the front lawn to find the main valve to turn

24、 the water off，and her daughter wouldnt go to sleep until the leak stopped.So at two in the 5 morning _8_in the family was out in the yard helping to _9_to turn off the water.Young people have much more _10_to start and accomplish changes than what _11_may believe.When children make a change in thei

25、r lives，families are _12_along to become environmentally friendly.The story also shows that _13_ actions can have a big impact.We _14_to think about _15_events like Clean and Green Week.Instead，a lot of small changes can make a(n)_16_.If hundreds or thousands of students _17_their families to turn o

26、ff the tap to save water，move the air conditioning temperature_18_a degree or two in summer，_19_less and make other environmentmentallyfriendly changes，the _20_family may change its behaviors.【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一个小女孩在学校是爱护环境小组的成员，一天在凌晨两点她听到了水龙头滴答的声音，醒来之后一看是水龙头的把手坏了，无法关上水管，于是她就说服家里人起来一起帮她挖通往总阀门的管道，以便切断水源。小

27、女孩的激情已经感染她的家人也变得爱护环境了。通过这件事说明小行动也能有很大的影响，许多小的变化也能起重要的作用。1A.exhausted Bdelighted Csad Dangry A 根据本句前面的暗示词“tired”和下文的描述可知这个妇女在凌晨两点就起来想法关水龙头，所以她绝对非常疲倦(exhausted 精疲力竭的)。所以 A 项符合语境之意。2A.turn on Bturn off Ctake along Dbring along B 根据第二段的描述和暗示词“turn the water off”可知此处的意思是凌晨两点起来关(turn off)水管。故选 B。3A.mother

28、 Bfamily Cschool Dgroup B 根据第 8 空处的暗示词“everyone in the family”可知因她的小女儿在学校是爱护环境小组的成员，她女儿的激情已经感染她的家人(family)也变得爱护环境了。故选 B。4A.sound Bvoice Crhyme Dmusic A 根据下文的语境可知在半夜她女儿醒了是因为听到了水龙头滴答的声音(sound)。故选 A。5A.advice Bpleasure Chelp Dtrouble C 根据下文可知本句的意思该是“女儿请求帮助(help)她把水龙头给关上，因为水龙 6 头的把手坏了。”故选 C。6A.opened Bt

29、hrown Cdropped Dbroken D 根据下文可知本句的意思该是“女儿请求帮助她把水龙头给关上，因为水龙头的把手坏了(broken)。”故选 D。7A.stop Bprevent Chold Dcut A 根据本句后面的暗示词“the leak stopped”可知本句的意思是“阻止(stop)漏水的唯一方法是朝着前面草坪里的管子挖，来找切断水源的主阀门，而且她女儿直到止住漏水才去睡觉。”故选 A。8A.someone Banyone Ceveryone Dno one C 根据上文可知此句的意思该是“于是在凌晨两点家里的每一个人(everyone)都到外面的院子里帮助挖水管。”故

30、选 C。9A.fix Bdig Cmend Dfit B 根据上文可知此句的意思该是“为了切断水源，于是在凌晨两点家里的每一个人都到外面的院子里帮助挖(dig)水管。”故选 B。10A.power Btime Centhusiasm Dwisdom A 根据下文可知本句的意思应该是“年轻人开始并完成改变的力量(power)比成年人可以相信的要大得多。”故选 A。11A.officials Bteenagers Cteachers Dadults D 根据上下文的语境和常识可知年轻人该和成年人相比，所以此句该译成“年轻人开始并完成改变的力量比成年人(adults)可以相信的要大得多。”故选 D。

31、12A.saved Bpraised Cseated Ddragged D 根据上文家里人的参与可知本句应该译成“当孩子们在他们的生活中做出改变的时候，家里人也被带领着(drag along 随从、拖带、带领)变得爱护环境了。”故选 D。13A.important Bsmall Cunnecessary Dchildrens B 根据下文的暗示词“big”和上下文的语境可知本句的意思应该是“这个故事也表明小(small)行动能有很大的影响。”故选 B。7 14A.plan Btend Cattempt Dmean B 根据下文可知本句的意思应该是“我们倾向(tend to)考虑像清洁周和绿色周

32、这样的大事件。”故选 B。15A.new Btraditional Cbig Dsocial C 根据下句的关键词instead(相反)和small可知此句的意思应该是“我们倾向考虑像清洁周和绿色周这样的大(big)事件。”故选 C。16A.living Bdifference Ceffort Dfortune B 根据上句的意思可知本句的意思应该是“相反，许多小的变化也能起重要的作用(make a difference 有影响，起重要作用)。”故选 B。17A.want Ballow Cconvince Dforce C 根据上文让家人参与挖水管可知此句的意思应该是“为了节约用水，如果数以百

33、计或数以千计的学生都说服(convince 说服，劝服)他们的家人关掉水龙头，在夏季把空调的温度上调一两度，少开车并从思想上对爱护环境产生一些其他的改变，整个家庭就可能改变它的行为。”故选 C。18A.off Baway Cdown Dup D 根据上句说服家人可知此句的意思应该承接上句，所以应该译成“在夏季把空调的温度上调(move.up)一两度，整个家庭就可能改变它的行为。”故选 D。19A.eat Bwalk Cdrive Dconsume C 根据上文可知此句的意思应该是“少开车(drive)并从思想上对爱护环境产生一些其他的改变，整个家庭就可能改变它的行为。”故选 C。20A.rich Blarge Centire Dordinary C 根据上文可知此句的意思应该是“少开车并从思想上对爱护环境产生一些其他的改变，整个(entire)家庭就可能改变它的行为。”故选 C。