托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间.docx

《托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间.docx（23页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、托福阅读时间把握做一篇阅读需要多长时间 相对来说，大家的英语阅读实力要比其他方面强一些，但是托福阅读难度和要求都很高，阅读速度不够快，根本不行能在规定时间内完成全部题目。那么，托福阅读时间应当如何把握呢?学习啦来跟大家一起讲解一下。 托福阅读时间把握 做一篇阅读须要多长时间? 一.托福阅读时间把握 一般状况下假如不遇到加试的状况下，你有60分钟来应对3篇700字左右的文章及42道左右的题目。那么假如你根据20分钟一篇文章来解题的话，那么时间刚刚好是60分钟。但是大家须要知道的是托福阅读3篇文章的难易度是不一样的，假如前面的文章偏难一些的话，那么你多些时间后面文章简洁一些问题还不大，但假如前面的

2、文章题目较简洁你同样是用20分钟，在后面遇到较难的文章和题目的时候就会时间不够用了。 所以这里小站君建议大家在托福阅读考试的时候第一篇阅读做题时最好不要超过20分钟。那么你的时间真的就不够用了，到最终时间快到的时候你后面的题目还没有来得及看只能靠猜了，想想这样的正确率将会大打折扣。 二.做题方法是先通读全文后看题目 许多考生都会有这样一个习惯，就是先将托福阅读文章通读一遍，然后再去看题目。这样做并不明智，假如你的阅读水平并不是极高的话，建议大家不要这样做，因为假如你的的阅读水平不够的话，或者词汇量积累不够，很有可能你的阅读文章将耗尽你大部分时间，从而没有时间去看题找答案了。 但是这种方法也不是

3、完全不行取了，假如这篇文章是你曾经读过的，就算你一字一句读也不会奢侈太多时间;还有一种就是前面提到的，你的阅读水平极高，可以应付这种阅读文章，否则用这种方法阅读确定是做不完的。 托福阅读TPO30第1篇:Role of Play in Development 【1】Play is easier to define with examples than with concepts. In any case, in animals it consists of leaping, running, climbing, throwing, wrestling, and other movements,

4、 either along, with objects, or with other animals. Depending on the species, play may be primarily for social interaction, exercise, or exploration. One of the problems in providing a clear definition of play is that it involves the same behaviors that take place in other circumstancedominance, pre

5、dation, competition, and real fighting. Thus, whether play occurs or not depends on the intention of the animals, and the intentions are not always clear from behaviors alone. 【2】Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and

6、mammals. Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs). Exactly why animals play is still a matter debated in the research literature, and the reasons may not be the same for every species that plays. Determining the functions of play is difficult because the functions may be

7、long-term, with beneficial effects not showing up until the animal's adulthood. 【3】Play is not without considerable costs to the individual animal. Play is usually very active, involving movement in space and, at times, noisemaking. Therefore, it results in the loss of fuel or energy that might

8、better be used for growth or for building up fat stores in a young animal. Another potential cost of this activity is greater exposure to predators since play is attention-getting behavior. Great activities also increase the risk of injury in slipping or falling. 【4】The benefits of play must outweig

9、h costs, or play would not have evolved, according to Darwin' s theory. Some of the potential benefits relate directly to the healthy development of the brain and nervous system. In one research study, two groups of young rats were raised under different conditions. One group developed in an &qu

10、ot;enriched" environment, which allowed the rats to interact with other rats, play with toys, and receive maze training. The other group lived in an "impoverished" environment in individual cages in a dimly lit room with little stimulation. At the end of the experiments, the results s

11、howed that the actual weight of the brains of the impoverished rats was less than that of those raised in the enriched environment (though they were fed the same diets). Other studies have shown that greater stimulation not only affects the size of the brain but also increase the number of connectio

12、ns between the nerve cells. Thus, active play may provide necessary stimulation to the growth of synaptic connections in the brain, especially the cerebellum, which is responsible for motor functioning and movements. 【5】Play also stimulates the development of the muscle tissues themselves and may pr

13、ovide the opportunities to practice those movements needed for survival. Prey species, like young deer or goats, for example, typically play by performing sudden flight movements and turns, whereas predator species, such as cats, practice stalking, pouncing, and biting. 【6】Play allows a young animal

14、 to explore its environment and practice skill in comparative safety since the surrounding adults generally do not expect the young to deal with threats or predators. Play can also provide practice in social behaviors needed for courtship and mating. Learning appropriate social behaviors is especial

15、ly important for species that live in groups, like young monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness and aggression and to understand the give-and-take involved in social groups. They need to learn how to be dominant and submissive because each monkey might have to play either role in the fu

16、ture. Most of these things are learned in the long developmental periods that primates have, during which they engage in countless play experiences with their peers. 【7】There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by others, potentially leading to aggressio

17、n. This is especially true when play consists of practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. Thus, many species have evolved clear signals to delineate playfulness. Dogs, for example, will wag their tails, get down their front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate "what f

18、ollows is just for play." 1.According to paragraph 1, why is play difficult to define? A.Play must be defined with concepts, not examples. B.Play behavior often looks like nonplay behavior. C.Play often occurs in the presence of animals that are not playing. D.Play occurs independently of an an

19、imal's intentions. 2.According to paragraph 2, which of the following presents a particular challenge to researchers who study play behavior in animals A.The delay between activities and the benefits the animal derives from them. B.The difficulty in determining which animal species play and whic

20、h do not. C.The fact that for most animals, there is no clear transition from youth to full adulthood. D.The lack of research on the play behavior of animals other than canids and primates. 3.The word "considerable" in the passage paragraph 3 is closest in the meaning to A.Initial. B.Pract

21、ical. C.Eventually. D.Significant. 4.According to paragraph 3, each of the following is a cost to animals that engage in play EXCEPT A.exposure to predators. B.a buildup of fat stores. C.a loss of fuel that could be used for growth. D.risk of injury from slipping or falling. 5.Why does the author in

22、clude the comment "though they were fed the same diets"? A.To show why rats living in impoverished environments need less food than those living in enriched environments. B.To eliminate the possibility that differences in diet were responsibly for observed differences in brain weight. C.To

23、 emphasize the point that rats were fed only the amount of food needed to keep them alive. D.To suggest that rats fed the same diet have smaller brains than those fed a varied food. 6.Paragraph 4 supports which of the following statements about an animal's brain. A.The heavier the brain, the ric

24、her the environment in which the animal was raised. B.The younger the animal, the harder it is to develop new connections between nerve cells. C.The larger the animal, the harder it is to develop new connections between nerve cells. D.The larger the animal's cerebellum, the larger will be the an

25、imal's nerve cells. 7.According to paragraph 5, why might play behavior of prey species be different from those of predator species? A.Unlike predator species, prey species use play to prevent inappropriate social behaviors, such as biting. B.Some prey species are physically incapable of certain

26、 types of predator movements. C.The survival of each species type is linked to particular sets of muscular movements. D.Predator species have more opportunities to practice play behaviors than prey species. 8.The word "comparative" in the passage paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to A.rela

27、tive. B.temporary. C.sufficient. D.complete. 9.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information inthe highlighted sentence in the passage paragraph 6 ? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. A.Only monkeys that have learned to

28、control their selfish and aggressive behaviors can be involved in social groups. B.Selfish and aggressive animals like monkeys live in groups in order to practice appropriate social behaviors. C.Monkeys and other social animals need to learn behaviors appropriate for their social groups. D.Some monk

29、eys are naturally too selfish and aggressive to understand the give-and-take of social groups, so they learn such important behaviors while young. 10.What can be inferred from paragraph 6 about the role of adults in play activities of the young? A.Adults help their young learn to become dominant wit

30、hin the social group. B.Young animals learn how to play from the adults within their social group. C.Adults allow the young to engage in play behaviors within a protected, sage environment. D.The long developmental period of some animals allows adults more time to teach their young how to deal with

31、the threats of predators. 11.The word "potentially" in the passage paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to A.undoubtedly. B.possibly. C.unfortunately. D.quickly. 12.According to paragraph 7, how do some animals ensure that other animals understand that they are just playing? A.By playing only

32、 with animals who are not predator. B.By avoiding any aspects of the play behavior that are dangerous. C.By practicing non-aggressive and non-predatory behaviors. D.By using a set of signals that occurs only in play. 13. Look at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence can be adde

33、d to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? With messages such as those, even dogs that are strangers to each other can be playing within a few minutes. There is a danger, of course, that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by others, potentially leading to aggression. 【A】T

34、his is especially true when play consists of practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors. 【B】Thus,many species have evolved clear signals to delineate playfulness. 【C】Dogs, forexample, will wag their tails, get down their front legs, and stick their behinds in the air to indicate "what f

35、ollows is just for play." 【D】 14. Directions: an introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary be selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they

36、express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Play appears to be a developmental characteristic of animals with fairly sophisticated nervous systems, mainly birds and mammals. A.Although play often resembles aggression, flight

37、, or other purposeful activities, researchers do not degree on the reasons for and functions of play B.Although many animals develop physically from play, too many young animals become victims of their natural predators while playing. C.Animals such as rats, dogs, deer, goats and monkeys learn how t

38、o be both dominant and submissive during play activities so that they will fit in better with their adult social groups. D.The function of play is still debated in the research literature primarily because each animal species uses so few of the many available types of play behavior. E.Energy expendi

39、ture and security risks are some of the costs to animals of play behavior, but the costs are not so great that they outweigh the long-term benefits of play to the species. F.As experiments and observations have shown, animals that play at some stages of their development obtain neurological, muscula

40、r, or social benefits from the play behaviors. 托福阅读答案 1.原文中，同样的behavior会同时发生在play和其他一些非play的状况中，所以B正确。A与原文第一句冲突。C选项没有提到。D选项与原文第一段最终一句冲突。 2.看其次段的最终两句。倒数其次句说动物玩耍的缘由仍旧在被debating，后面说确定玩耍的作用(function)特别难，那也就对应了原题的challenge。Because后面出现了缘由，说这些function是长期的，其beneficial要到动物成年才出现。所以跟A选项吻痕。B、C选项原文没提到。D选项也和问题无关。

41、 3.Considerable：重要的，值得考虑的。选项A是最初的，B是好用的，C是最终的，D是重大的，有意义的。所以D符合，另外后文提到了各种cost和loss。所以可以理解considerable cost可以理解为肯定量的损失或者风险。 4.从Therefore起先后面的都是potential cost。三种cost已经用红色字体标出。B选项看似提到了，但是原文是说失去了fat store的机会，而不是因为play而build up了。所以B错。 5.这里提到的试验的结果。前面从in one research of study起先描述这个试验，提到了两个对比组，under differe

42、nt conditions。后面是在说结果，括号里面的内容是对结论的说明说明。A,C,D三个选项一点儿都不沾边。只要中学学过一点数理化就知道这个是限制变量的试验，所以答案选B。 6.原文中从other studies 起先有描述了另外的观点。说greater stimulation不仅会影响大脑的大小，也会增加神经细胞间的连接的数量，而这个stimulation是由active play供应的。依据上文，环境越困难，active play就越多，因此stimulation就越多，导致动物的大脑更大，也就更重。所以A选项符合这个观点。BCD都没提到。 7.这道题的关键词在于needed for

43、survival。因为prey species和predator species对于survival的要求不同，所以导致他们play behavior也不同。所以选C。 A，B，D原文都没提到。 parative是相对的，相当的。A是相对的;B是短暂的;C是足够的;D是完成的。所以选择A。这里C可能会是迷惑选项，因为其意思带入原文也通顺，但是失去了原词的"比较"的那层意思。 9.这道题中的原句主干是learning social behavior is important，特殊是对于群居的动物。然后用了monkey做例证。A选项只提到了monkeys要限制自己才能融入群体，

44、但没提到主干部分。 B选项说自私和攻击性强的动物药学social behavior，这就把其他动物解除在外了，变更了原句的意思。C正确，不仅提到了monkey也说到了其他的social animals(which means species that live in groups)为了融入群体要学social behavior。 D是错误选项，原文并没说猴子太自私以至于不能理解give and take与原文冲突，不选。 10.依据young & adult定位到第六段第一句。说成年动物要让年轻的动物在相对平安的环境下玩儿。 因此可以得到答案C正确。A原文没有说让young去学怎么do

45、minant，B原文虽然提到social group 但没提到是从adults身上学习。D原文完全没有相关描写。 11.potentially潜在地。A市毫无疑问地; B是可能地;C是不幸地;D是快速地。前半句中有May be，表达了一中可能性，后半句没有转折，应当是接上上半句往下说的。所以意思应当想近。 12.这一段前半部分始终在描述说有动物之间会误以为是真的aggression，中间出现了thus证明后面会说解决的方法。这里说解决方法是用clear signals 去表达playfulness。所以答案是D。 13.要插入的句子开头为With message such as those，那

46、么说明前面确定会描述一些messages，后面又说even dogs，那证明前面应当也提到了狗的行为。所以这里应当插在最终一个空里。 14.选项A对应在原文第一段，提到play的行为包括了running，climbing，fighting等等aggression的行为，但是很难确定其function所以A正确。E对应原文第三段，potential cost提到了loss of energy，security risks等等，但是第一段也提到说play是long-term beneficial的，第四段开头说好处肯定会outweigh其costs。B这个原文没有提到，虽然第三段提到了potent

47、ial cost，后面也说adults通常会让young在相对平安的状况下play，但并没有说太多太多的小动物变成了victims。不选。C这个原文虽然说他们要学social behavior，但没提到说这类动物要学着去dominant，不选。D选项对应原文第一段，但选项中的缘由和原文不符，不选。E对应原文第三段，potential cost提到了loss of energy，security risks等等，但是第一段也提到说play是long-term beneficial的，第四段开头说好处肯定会outweigh其costs。F选项对应原文第四，五段。第四段说play会影响大脑发育，神经细胞间连接的数量。第五段说到了有益于muscle tissue的发育。后文第六段也提到了social Benefits。 托福阅读译文 【1】用例证来定义玩耍要比用概念简洁得多。在任何状况下，动物间的玩耍都包括跳动，奔跑，攀登，投掷，格斗和另外的一些动作，而玩耍的对象可能有其它物品或者动物。依据物种的不同，玩耍的目的主要包括社交，熬炼，或探究。定义“玩耍”的难点之一是，玩耍过程中经常包含一些与其它状况下相像的行为，例如统治，捕食，竞争和搏斗。因此，推断其是否玩耍，要依据动物的目的来确认，而经常通过行为本身很难分析其目的。