2019年高考英语语法必考考点3代词含解析.doc

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1、20192019 年高考英语语法必考考点（年高考英语语法必考考点（3 3）：代词）：代词【考点解读】概述一、人称代词：人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格在句中作动词、介词宾语、同位语等成分，有时也可作表语。不仅指人，也可指物，有人称和数的变化。【注意】在连词 than 和 as 引导的比较状语从句中常常省略从句，只保留人称代词，人称代词作主语时要用主格，在口语中也常用宾格；但当人称代词后有动词时就必须用主格。如：My sister speaks English as well as me/I. (口语中常用 me)My sister speaks English as

2、 well as I do. (此时只能用 I)二、物主代词：1物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，必须与所指的名词在人称、数和性别方面保持一致。如：The waiters offered their food to the homeless man.【注意】单数阳性名词和单数阴性名词连用作主语时，如果前面有 every，each 修饰，谓语动词用单数，代词用 his。如：Each boy and each girl wants to lend his raincoat to the soldiers.2. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能作名词或动名词的定语。e.g. This

3、is our classroom.Would you mind my opening the window?3. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词” ，可单独作主语、宾语、表语。此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及 of 连用，构成双重所有格。如：This is her coat. Mine is over there.Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 三、反身代词：1. 反身代词通常在 enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, b

4、ehave 等动词和 by, for, to, of 等介词后作宾语。如：He was left at home by himself the whole day yesterday. 2. 反身代词可以作主语的同位语，主要起加强语气的作用，意为“亲自，本人，亲身”。e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the road themselves. 3. 反身代词可以在 be, feel, look, seem 等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。e.g. You look pale. Whats wrong with you?Im not feeling

5、 myself today, not serious, though. 注意(1)反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(正) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。(误) Myself drove the car.(2) 在由 and, or, nor 连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。e.g. Charles and myself saw it. (3) 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词均可。e.g. No one but myself/me is hurt.4. 反身代词的习惯搭配(1)

6、介词+反身代词for oneself 为自己；亲自地to oneself 对自己；独用of oneself 自动地by oneself 独自地(2) 动词反身代词 dress oneself 自己穿衣make oneself at home 不要客气seat oneself=be seated 就坐teach oneself 自学come to oneself 苏醒devote oneself to = be devoted to 致力于enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴help oneself to 自行取用，请自便accustom oneself to=be accustome

7、d to 习惯于amuse oneself 消遣，自娱behave oneself 表现良好apply oneself to sth. 致力于explain oneself 说明自己的意图express oneself 表达自己的思想abandon oneself to 沉迷于，放纵四、指示代词：1. 指上文提到的事物，一般用 that，有时也用 this；指下文将要提到的事物，常用this 或 these。如：He said I was lying, and that was unfair. (that 指代上文 He said I was lying)What I want you to

8、remember is this：Practise makes perfect. (此句中 this 指代下文，不能换为 that)2. that/those 可作定语从句的先行词，但 this/these 不能；其中 those 可指人，但that不能。如：She has known that which she wanted to know.I admire those who are always helping others. (those 作定语从句的先行词，指人)五、相互代词：相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，只有 each other 和 one another 两个词组，都表示“互

9、相，相互” 。1. each other 和 one another 在句中可以作动词或介词的宾语。如：Lets help each other and learn from each other.They looked at one another and laughed.2. 作定语时 each other 和 one another 须用所有格，表示“彼此的” 。如：We said hello to one anothers/each others family.六、疑问代词：1. 疑问代词后接ever 的用法。(1) whatever/whoever/whomever/whicheve

10、r 表泛指，意为“无论” 。如：You have our support, whatever you decide.Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.I dont want to see them, whoever they are.(2) 置于疑问代词后，用于加强语气。如：Whatever do you mean?Whoever heard of such a thing!2. 疑问代词的单复数形式要由所代表的人或事物的单复数形式来确定，如果不清楚代表的人或物是复数还是单数，则谓语动词多用单数形式。who/what/whi

11、ch 作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。如：What he needs most is his mothers love.What we need are good books.七、复合不定代词：1. 修饰不定代词的形容词应后置。e.g. Is there anything wrong with my car?2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词往往用第三人称单数形式。3. 复合不定代词构成的固定短语：anything but 根本不，一点也不 nothing but 只不过 do nothing but 只有，除之外什么事也不做 have something/nothin

12、g to do with 与有/无关 something of 有点，有几分八、全部否定与部分否定：由 some 和 any 构成的不定代词的用法与 some 和 any 的用法基本一致。all, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及“every名词”都表示全部肯定；no one, none, nobody, nothing, not.any 以及“no名词”都表示全部否定；但当 not 出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管 not 在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外 not 与总括性副词如 everywhere, always, w

13、holly, altogether 等连用时也表示部分否定。e.g. All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. (all 表示全部肯定，none 表示全部否定)Such a thing cant be found everywhere. (“noteverywhere”表示部分否定) The exam is very easy, but not all of the students can pass it. (“notall”表示部分否定)九、both, either, neither, e

14、ach, all, none： both 表示两者都，具有肯定含义；either 表示两者中的任何一个；neither 表示两者都不；each 表示两者或两者以上的每一个；all 表示全部，指三者或三者以上的人或物，也可笼统地表示“一切，所有” ；none 表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定，与 of 连用或用来回答 how many / much 的提问。十、it 作人称代词：在特定的环境中，it 也可指人，如指婴儿、性别不详或身份不明的人。e.g. The baby stopped crying as soon as it saw the woman.Who is it?Its me.十

15、一、it 作形式主语或形式宾语：it 可以作形式主语或形式宾语而把真正的主语或宾语后置。1. 用 it 作形式主语的主语从句结构：(1) It系动词形容词that 从句：It is necessary/important/surprising/strangethat 从句，从句中谓语动词常用“should动词原形”形式，且 should 可省略。(2) It系动词名词that 从句：It is a pity/a shame/good news/a fact/an honour/a wonder/no wonder/our dutythat 从句。e.g. Its no wonder that

16、youve achieved so much success. (3) It不及物动词that 从句：It seems/happened/turned out /occurs/appearsthat 从句。e.g. It happened that he was out when I called on him.(4) It系动词过去分词that 从句：It is said /reported/ announced/ believed/ thought/ well known/ hoped/ pointed out/ found out/ suggested/ ordered/ advised

17、/ requested/ insisted/ required/ demandedthat 从句。e.g. Its said that they have succeeded in carrying out this experiment.【注意】在“It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/demandedthat 从句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should动词原形” ，should 可省略。e.g. It is suggested that you (should) spend more time

18、 in studying English.(5) 其他句型，如 It doesnt matter./It makes no difference.等。e.g. It doesnt matter what you wear, as long as you look neat and tidy.It makes no difference to me whether you go or not.2. it 作形式宾语的情况:(1)动词 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe 等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用 it 作形式宾语，把作为真正宾语的 that 从

19、句后置。e.g. We make it a rule that we get up at six every day.We all think it important that we should protect the environment from being polluted.(2) 有些动词接宾语从句时，需在动词和从句间加 it。这些动词有：hate, appreciate, take, owe, have, like, enjoy, make 等。e.g. I take it that you will agree with us.(3) “动词介词itthat”结构。常见的有

20、see to, depend on, rely on 等。e.g. I will see to it that everything is ready on time.十二、it 可用在强调句型 It is/was.that.中：e.g. It was in the street that I met him yesterday.【注意】it 作形式主语和 it 引导强调句的区别：it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构(特别是谓语较短时)，主语从句的连接词没有变化。it 引导的强调句用来对句中某一个成分加以强调，其结构为“It is/was被强调部分that.” 。在正式英语中，

21、无论强调什么部分，都要求用连词 that，但是在一般情况下，如果被强调的主语是“人” ，也可用 who/whom。值得注意的是，当被强调部分是状语时，只能用 that，不要误用 when，where，how 等。be 动词的时态，可以随着 that 从句时态的不同而变化。强调句型中去掉 It is/was 和 that 后，句子仍然完整，而 it 作形式主语的句子则不能。e.g. It is I who am setting off for London next week.It was at six oclock that we arrived at the mountain village

22、.It was at the hotel room that the gentleman had stayed.十三、it 的特殊用法：1. 指代时间、距离、自然现象(天气)等。e.g. It is half past two now. (指时间)It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. (指距离)A lovely day, isnt it? (指天气)2. 指环境情况等。 e.g. It is very noisy at the moment. 3. 用于某些习语搭配。make it 及时赶到；成功完成catch it 受处罚，被责骂代词在近几年高考试题中

23、的复现率为代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为 100%100%，每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话、，每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话、填空或改错形式，构成特定语境，考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主填空或改错形式，构成特定语境，考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。其中考查不定代词语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。其中考查不定代词oneone，thethe oneone，onesones 与与 thatthat，thosethose，itit 的用法区别最为常见。的用法区别最为常

24、见。考点一、考查 one(s), that, those, it 的用法。 one 泛指一个人或物，其复数形式为 ones；one 和 the one 作同位语时，如果与其同位的词语是特指，则用 the one；如果是泛指，则用 one。 that 指代前面提到过的名词，常有后置定语，that 的复数形式是 those，that 可指代单数可数名词(= the one), 也可指代不可数名词，或指代前面提到过的一件事。 it 可指代前面提到过的一个名词,如例 7;指代一件事；指代不明性别的婴儿或不明确的人，也可指代时间、天气、距离等。二、考查 all, both, either, neithe

25、r, none, no one 的用法。 both 表示“两个人或物都” ，具有肯定含义； either 表示“两者中的任何一个” ；neither 表示“两者都不” 。 all 表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物，all 也可笼统地表示“一切,所有” ，none 表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定” ，在与 of 连用或回答 how many/much 的提问时只能用 none, no one 表示“没有一个人” 。三、考查 another, the other, others, the others 的用法。 another 泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中不确定的另一个，anothe

26、r 还可以作形容词，表示“另一个的” the other 指已知的两个人或物中的另一个 others 和“other + 名词”均泛指“别的人或物” the others 指“一定范围内其余的人或物” ，如果被指代的名词是不可数名词，则用 the rest 替代。四、考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any 的用法。 few 和 little 可用作代词和形容词。 few 和 a few 可以修饰或代替可数名词复数。few 有否定含义， a few 有肯定含义，little 和 a little 可以修饰或代替不可数名词。little 有否定含义，a little 含肯

27、定含义。 some 和 any 表示“一些”,可用作代词和形容词? some 用于肯定句,例 31; any 用于否定句?疑问句和条件句中, some 也可用于疑问句,如例 32 和例 33; any 也可用于肯定陈述句中,表示“任何一个” 。五、考查 something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody 的用法及它们与 else 的搭配。 由 some 和 any 构成的不定代词的用法和 some 和 any 的用法基本一致。 nothing 和 nobo

28、dy/no one 表示全部否定。 无论在肯定句、否定句还是疑问句中, everything 和 everyone (everybody) 都表示“全部,所有” 。 不定代词后跟 else 时，表示“另外的,其他的” ；形容词修饰something/anything/nothing 时，应置于不定代词之后。以上不定代词连写时，不和 of连用，every one 可和 of 连用。【真题分析真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2016浙江) In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _in the U

29、K.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A2. (2015重庆) The meeting will be held in September, but_ knows the date for sure.A.everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B 【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据 but 表达转折可知没有人知道，故选 B 项。3. (2015浙江) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV pr

30、ogram and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A. them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D4. (2015天津) The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this【答案】A【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词 the quality of

31、 education，故用代词 that。代词和 one 都代指可数名词单数。故选 A。5. (2015陕西) To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against .A. another B. the other C. other D. either 【答案】B【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是 one，另外一只是 the other，所以选 B。6. (2015福建) The research grou

32、p produced two reports based on the survey, but _contained any useful suggestions.A. allB. none C. eitherD. Neither【答案】D【解析】考查代词辨析。试题分析：考查代词辨析。该句中 A. all 全部；B. none 没有一个；C. either 两个中任何一个；D.两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选 D 本题考查副词辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义及用法。二、单句填空1. (2018全国 III 卷) W

33、hen the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive.【答案】them【解析】考查代词。此处做 find 的宾语，所以用宾格 them。2. (2018全国 I 卷) If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_70_a try.【答案】it3. (2018浙江卷

34、) Many westerners _57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _58_ can be to eat out.【答案】who/that; it【解析】57 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是 westerners 指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词 who/that 引导，故填 who/that。58 考查 it 用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是 it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式 to eat

35、out 是真正主语，it 是形式主语。故填 it。4. (2017全国卷) However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using _ every day.【答案】it 【解析】it 在这里指代句子的主语 the railway。5. (2017浙江高考) Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She tho

36、ught I had hurt _ (I)， ” says Pahlsson.【答案】myself 【解析】由空格处所在句子的主语 I 可知应用反身代词作宾语。6. (2016全国卷) On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _ (it) mother.【答案】its 【解析】根据空格后的名词及前文中的 a lively three-month-old twin 可知要用物主代词作定语。7. (2016浙江高考) In many ways, the education

37、system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.【答案】that 【解析】句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。that 特指前文中出现的同类异物事物(the education system)。8. (2015重庆高考)The meeting will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.【答案】nobody 【解析】句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为 but，表转折，故 nobody “没有人”符合句意。9. (20

38、15四川高考) Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.【答案】none 10. (2015福建高考)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ contained any useful suggestions.【答案】neither 【解析】句意：这个研究组基于调查制作了两个报告，但是两个都未含有有用的建议。根据句意，表示“两者都不” ，用 neither。二、单句改错1. (2018全国 III 卷) I had do

39、ne myself homework but I was shy.【答案】myselfmy【解析】考查代词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用 my 不用myself，或改为定冠词 the 也可以。2. (2018全国 II 卷) They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.【答案】usme【解析】考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的 I，而不是 we。故把 us 改为 me。3. (2017全国卷) About one month after t

40、his photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school . This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.【答案】yourmy 【解析】此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多快乐的记忆” ，故应该使用代词my。4. (2016全国卷) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get fr

41、om books. 【答案】yourour 5. (2016全国卷) At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. 【答案】yourselfmyself 【解析】根据语境可知，此处指“我自己做决定” ，故应用 myself。6. (2016四川卷) When he came back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.【答案】herhis 【解析】由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。7. (20

42、15全国卷) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.【答案】saw 后加 his 【解析】根据语境及英语表达习惯，应当在 parents 前加上与主语 Tony 相一致的物主代词his。8 (2015浙江卷) Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.【答案】themit 【解析】a beautiful park 为单数，故应用 it 指代。【对点测试对点测试】一、单项选择1. (2018江苏扬州中学) A child should be receiv

43、ing either meat or eggs daily, preferably _.A. neither B. none C. either D. both【答案】D【解析】考查代词。句意：孩子应该每日食用肉类或蛋类，最好两种都吃。A. neither 两个都不；B. none 没有人；一个也没有；没有任何东西；C. either 两个中任意一个；D. both 两个都。根据语境判断是“两者都” ，故选 D。2. (2018江苏无锡一中) What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles (涂鸦)? If your flower,

44、for example, has a large circular center, _ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life.A. which B. as C. this D. such【答案】C3. (2018江苏泰州中学) Visitors took all the trouble with all well arranged by the travel agency.A. for everything B. for something C. for nothing D. for anything【答案】C

45、【解析】考查不定代词。句意：旅行社把一切安排得很好，来访者把所有的麻烦都看成是免费的。for nothing 免费，故选 C。4. (2018江苏泰州中学 ) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?A. them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D【解析】考查代词 It。试题分析：句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉

46、电视，你会怎么想？It 作形式宾语，指代 If 后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句 you would like_.分析句子结构知道 like 之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选 it。5. (2018南京师大附中) If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults everywhere and problems where there are really _A. none B. some C. many D. nothing【答

47、案】A【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：如果你用消极的眼光看待事物，你会发现到处都是错误，到处都是问题。A. none 没有任何东西；B. some 一些；C. many 许多；D. nothing 无事，无物。此处指没有问题的地方也有问题，故选 A.6. (2018 江苏常熟中学) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut It off without asking you?A. them B. one C. those

48、D. it【答案】D7. (2018 北京人大附中) To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then of his colleagues.A. one B. ones C. that D. those【答案】C【解析】考查代词。句意：让他高兴的是，汤姆很快就获得了女朋友的信任，然后是她父母的信任。根据句意可知此处指代名词不可数名词 trust，用 that。故选 C。8. (2018 北京精华学校) I wanted to give you some bread, but _ was left.A. neither B. nothing C. none D. no one【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词。句意：我想给你一些面包，但是没有剩下。neither 表两者都不，nothing 表示什么东西也没有，none 可以指没有一个(