2019年高考英语语法必考考点13名词性从句含解析.doc

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1、20192019 年高考英语语法必考考点（年高考英语语法必考考点（1313）：名词性从句含解析）：名词性从句含解析【考点解读考点解读】一、名词性从句的种类 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。二、引导名词性从句的连接词 1连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which 有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语等。It has not been decided yet when we will leave.We are worrying about what we should do next.2连接副词：when, where, why, h

2、ow 有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.Scientists study how human brains work to make computers.(2012四川高考)3连接词： whether, if, as if, if (whether), as if 虽有词义，但在从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用；that 无词义，在从句中也不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，有时可省略。My suggestion is that we (should) have a discussion

3、about this matter.The question whether we need more time to do the work hasnt been discussed.三、that, what 引导的名词性从句的区别 引导名词性从句时，that 没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分。当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时，往往选用 that；而 what 引导名词性从句时，意为“什么”或“的” ，在从句中用来作主语、表语或宾语。What was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (主语从句；what 作主语)Before

4、 the sales start, I make a list of what my kids will need for the coming season. (宾语从句；what 作宾语)As a new graduate, he doesnt know what it takes to start a business here. (宾语从句；what 作宾语)China is no longer what she used to be. (表语从句；what 作表语)It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading

5、 him to change his mind. (主语从句)One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (表语从句)【点睛】 (1)that 引导主语从句时，常用 it 作形式主语，常见句型有：itbe形容词(如：obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, ev

6、ident, clear, apparent 等)that 从句。Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?itbe名词(如：no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise 等)that 从句。Its a great pity that its probably the last time this will happen.itbe过去分词(如：said, reported, thought, estimated, expected, decide

7、d, announced, arranged, recognized 等)that 从句。It is known to all that physical exercises can improve our physical and mental health.类似句型还有：It cannot be denied that . /It must be admitted that .it动词(如：seem, appear, happen, occur to sb., doesnt matter, make no difference 等)that 从句。It doesnt matter whet

8、her you turn right or left at the crossing both roads lead to the park. It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office. (2)that 引导主语从句，置于句首时，that 不能省略。That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.(3)that 引导宾语从句，常可省略。可接 that 从句作宾语的动词有：see, say, know, imagine,

9、discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid 等。可以接复合宾语的动词有：think, make, consider, find, feel, suppose 等，在他们之后，可以用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语 that 从句后置。此时 that 不可省略。Do you know (that) he has joined the army?We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.(4)当一个句子有两个或多个并列

10、的宾语从句时，除第一个从句的 that 外，都不可省略。He told me (that) the power would be cut off and that I should get ready.(5)引导表语从句：that 引导表语从句，不可省略。My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 oclock tomorrow.四、连接词 whether/if(是否)的用法 两者都可引导宾语从句，常可互换使用。但以下情况不能互换：1宾语从句是否定句时，只用 if，不用 whether。I wonder if it doesnt rain.2

11、用 if 会引起误解，就要用 whether。Please let me know whether you want to go. (此句如果把 whether 改成 if, 可作条件状语从句，因而产生歧义。)3宾语从句中的 whether 与 or not 直接连用，就不能换成 if。I dont know whether or not the report is true.4介词后的宾语从句要用 whether 引导。whether 可与不定式连用，也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句。Whether you can make progress in your st

12、udy depends on whether you try your best.I dont know whether to laugh or to cry.Whether you like that gift he gave you, you should express your gratitude.5在句首引导主语从句时只能用 whether。doubt 用于肯定句时，其后的宾语从句用whether 或 if 引导；doubt 用于否定句时，其后的从句用 that 引导。Whether they will agree with the plan is not clear.I doubt

13、 whether/if you have told me the truth.I dont doubt that you are the right person for the job.五、whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, however 的用法 它们的作用等同于 who, what, which, where, when, how, 但语气加强了。这类词引导名词性从句时，不能用 no matterwho/what .代替。1引导主语从句。Whoever did this job must be rewarded.2引导宾语从

14、句，充当直接宾语。Ill give you however much money you need.3引导宾语从句，充当间接宾语。She will give whoever needs help a hand.4引导介词的宾语从句。You can write about whatever topic you prefer.5引导宾语从句，充当宾语补足语。Well make him whatever he is fit for.六、主要考点及突破技巧主语从句: 1. 主要考点: 1) that 引导主语从句时, 常用 it 作形式主语, 常见的句型: It+ be+形容词+ that 从句It+

15、 be+名词 (短语)+ that 从句It+ be+过去分词(said/told/reported/decided 等)+ that 从句It+ 特殊动词 (seems/ appears/ happens/ matters)+ that 从句2) what 与 that 在引导主语从句时的区别: what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分, 如主语、宾语、表语, 而 that 引导从句, 不充当成分。e.g. What you said yesterday is right. (what 引导主语从句, 作 said 的宾语)That English is important is an

16、undoubted fact. (that 引导主语从句, 不作任何成分, 但不可省略)3) 主语从句若含有“是否”意义, 其引导词只能用 whether, 不能用 if。e.g. Whether he will be able to come tomorrow remains a question. 2. 突破技巧: 1) 掌握形式主语的句式及变化，根据句意选取合适连接词, 除 that 在句子中没有意义, 但不能省略外, 其他连接词均在句中有意义。2) what, that, which, whether 连接主语从句的区别。宾语从句: 1. 主要考点: 1) 动词 find, feel,

17、 think, consider, take (认为), make, believe, guess, suppose, assume 等后面有宾语补足语时, 且宾语是从句时, 需用 it 作形式宾语而将 that 引导的宾语从句后置。2) 宾语从句的语序为陈述语序; 主句谓语动词用一般现在时, 从句谓语动词可以用各种时态; 主句谓语动词用一般过去时, 从句需用过去的相应时态, 但从句若表示客观真理、规律, 用一般现在时。e.g. He said that he had been to the space station. 3) 由 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 要保持陈述句语序。

18、此外, whether 与 if 在作“是否”讲时, 一般可以换用, 但在下列情况下一般只能用 whether, 不用 if。引导的从句作介词宾语时。e.g. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 从句中有 or 或 whether or not 连用时。e.g. I wonder whether or not he will come. Tell me whether or not I should invite Nick. 后接动词不定式时。e.g. Can you tell me whether to go or to s

19、tay? 2. 突破技巧: 1) 把握句意, 选取合适的连接词、时态、语序; 2) 注意 whether 与 if 的互换和区别。表语从句: 1. 考查内容: 1) 表语从句常跟在这些系动词后, 如 be, look, remain, seem 等。e.g. That is just what I want. 2) 除常用的连接代词、副词外, as if/ though, because, why 等也可以引导宾语从句。e.g. It looks as if its going to rain. 3) 引导表语从句的 that 不能省略; if 不能用于引导表语从句。e.g. The reas

20、on is that he got up late. 2. 突破技巧: 1) 理解句意, 把握语境, 扣准连接词在句中的含义; 2) 掌握系动词后的表语从句辨析 that, because, if, whether。同位语从句: 1. 考查内容: 1) 同位语从句中的名词：在复合句中, 同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容, 同位语从句通常由 that 引导(that不能省略)。可用于同位语从句的名词有 advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, que

21、stion, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word 等。e.g. The news that the Shenzhou-X spaceship set off successfully is exciting. I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 2) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：在限制性定语从句中, 关系代词 that 充当主语或宾语, 有实际意义, 作宾语时, 可省略。同位语从句中的

22、 that 是连词, 不充当句子成分, 没有任何意义, 但不可省略。e.g. The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true. (定语从句)The news that our football team won the match was encouraging. (同位语从句)2. 突破技巧: 1) 熟记同位语从句的常用名词; 2) 分析句子成分, 防止句式变化; 3) 采取“意义法”区别同位语从句与定语从句。【真题分析真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2018天津卷）The gold medal will be awarded to _ w

23、ins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever【答案】C2. (2018江苏卷) By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived.A. where B. when C. why D. how【答案】D【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析 which 引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句，这里用连接副词 how 引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”

24、 。故选 D。3. (2018北京卷) Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how 表方式，when 表时间，where 表地点，why 表原因。 “_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用 where 引导。C 选项正确。4. (2018北京卷) This is _ my father has taught meto always face

25、difficulties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what【答案】D5. (2017北京) Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever 无论哪个。句意：每年，

26、任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除 AD，因为需要倣主语，只能用主格代词 who，故选 B。6. (2017北京) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. why B. where C. how D. when【答案】B试题分析：A. why 为什么 B. where 在哪 C. how 如何 D. when 什么时候。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据

27、语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案 B。考点：考查连词。7. (2017江苏) We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。 “half of used to charge”是$20 的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of 后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语,所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的 charge 后面缺少宾语，所以用

28、what 来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语，故选 C。句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为一晚上的住宿费降到了 20 美元,这是该宾馆过去要价的一半。8. (2017天津) She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C 是否；D.什么。根据句意，故选 C 9. (2016北京) Your

29、support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C10. (2016江苏) It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A.whyB.whatC.asD.that【答案】D【解析】考查主语从句。本句中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词 that 引导的主语从句，连接词 that 在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接

30、副词why 要在句中做状语，连接代词 what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等；as 通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆可能是事实。故 D 正确。二、单句填空1. (2018新课标 III 卷) Im not sure _61_ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.【答案】which【解析】考查宾语从句。句意： 不确定哪一个更害怕，是我还是突然出现的雌性大猩猩。此处为宾语从句，空格处表示选择，所以用 which 表示“哪一个” 。2. (2

31、015新课标 II 卷) As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70._thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.【答案】how【解析】根据空格后面的 thick 是一个形容词，因此填 how，引导宾语从句，作 figured out 的宾语。3. (2015高考安徽卷改编) A ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ ships are built for.【答案】wha

32、t【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非是建造船的目的。thats 后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的 for 后缺少宾语，故填 what。4. (2015高考北京卷改编)I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.【答案】that【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心！ 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，故填 that。5. (2015高考福建卷改编)I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every d

33、ay.【答案】how6. (2015高考湖南卷改编)You have to know _ youre going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.【答案】where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果你要计划去那里的最佳方案你必须知道你将要去哪里。根据分析可知：You have to know.后面是一个宾语从句。根据句意可知，此处应填where 引导宾语从句，where 在从句中作地点状语。7. (2015高考江苏卷改编) _ Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to th

34、e public，but some wont accept it.【答案】Where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：中国的大诗人李白的出生地众所周知，但有些人还不认可。分析句子结构可知，有些人对李白的出生地存在质疑，故填 where 引导主语从句。8. (2015高考湖北卷改编)_ she says will not make any difference to our arrangements.【答案】Whatever【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：不管她说什么，对我们的安排都没什么影响。Whatever引导主语从句，在从句中作 says 的宾语。9. (2015高考浙江卷改编)If you s

35、wim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.【答案】what10. (2015高考重庆卷改编)We must find out _ Karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.【答案】when【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：我们必须查明卡尔什么时候会来，这样我们就能为他预订房间了。预订房间当然与卡尔来的时间息息相关，因此填 when。三、

36、单句改错（并列连词）1. (2018新课标 I 卷) At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, but he agreed.【答案】butand 【解析】考查并列连词。我计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是并列关系，故将 but改成 and。2. (2018) Everyone was silent, waiting to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud.【答案】andor【

37、解析】考查并列连词。句意：每个人都沉默了，等着看谁会被要求朗读他或她的段落。一次只能叫一个人，男女两者是选择关系，故把 and 改为 or。3. (2017新课标 I 卷) Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructors orders, so once I started the car, my mind goes blank.【答案】sobut 或 yet【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意可知作者本以为自己已经掌握了教练说的话，结果一发动车，脑中一片空白。前后文为转折关系，故将 so 改为 but 或 ye

38、t。4. (2017新课标 III 卷) I had grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.【答案】andbut【解析】考查并列连词。not onlybut also 为固定搭配，意为“不但而且” 。5. (2016新课标 I 卷) Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.【答案】去掉 but6. (2016新课标 I 卷) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables

39、 or high quality oil are used for cooking.【答案】or and【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系，故把 or 改为 and。7. (2016新课标 II 卷) If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.【答案】butand【解析】考查并列连词。句意：如果我们待在家里，很舒服也没有必要花钱。上下文之间是并列关系，而不是转折关系，所以使用 and 连接上下文。8. (2016四川卷) Mom has a full-time job,

40、so she has to do most of the housework.【答案】sobut【解析】考查并列连词。句意：妈妈有一份全职工作，但还是不得不做大部分家务。前后两句为转折关系，故要将 so 改为 but。9. (2015四川卷) I dont like to go anymore, so Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.【答案】sobut【解析】考查并列连词。句意：我再也不想去了，可是又怕失去他们的友谊。前后两句应该是转折关系才符合逻辑，故将 so 改为 but。10. (2015新课标 I 卷) There the air is clea

41、n or the mountains are green.【答案】orand【解析】考查并列连词。句意：那里山绿并且空气新鲜。连词用法错误。前后句为递进关系，故用连词 and。【对点测试对点测试】一、单项选择1. (2018天津市一中) Having checked the doors were closed, and all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.A. why B. that C. when D. where【答案】B【解析】考查名词性从句。连接词 that 引导第二个宾语从句，不具有任何意义，

42、但一般不能省略。2. (2018江苏扬州中学) - Im sorry. I think I am not fit for the job. I dont handle pressure too well.- Oh, I cant believe it. You know, thats not the impression I have of you at all. Thats_ Id describe myself.A. what B. why C. which D. how【答案】D3. (2018江苏无锡市一中) Introverts (性格内向的人), according to Susa

43、n Cain, tend to enjoy being alone, doing quieter things or being with just one friend at a time. She says that is _ they get their energy.A. why B. when C. how D. where【答案】C【解析】考查表语从句。句意：性格内向的人，根据 Susan Cain，常常喜欢自己呆着、安静做事或者一次只和一个朋友在一起。她说，这是内向性格的人获得能量的方式。why“为什么” ；when“的时候” ；how“如何”引导表语从句，表示方式；where“

44、的地方” 。根据语境，故选 C。4. (2018江苏无锡市一中) Today we focus on _ is called recurrent obesity (复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity (溜溜球式肥胖), _ is the phenomenon _ we gain weight and then go on a successful diet, but within 12 months we go back to our original weight.A. what; which; in which B. which; which; whereC. all; tha

45、t; that D. whatever; as; which【答案】A【解析】考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意：今天，我们集中在被称为复发性肥胖或溜溜球式肥胖目标上。这是一种现象，一个人在体重增加后通过节食成功减重，但是在 12 个月以内又恢复到原有的体重。 “_ is called recurrent obesity (复发性肥胖) or yo-yo obesity (溜溜球式肥胖)”是宾语从句，从句中缺乏主语，what 引导宾语从句，从句中作主语、宾语或者表语，故第一空填 what；第二空 which 引导非限制性定语从句，which 指代这个主句，从句中作主语；“_ we gain wei

46、ght and then go on a successful diet”是定语从句，先行词是 the phenomenon，从句中作抽象地点状语，引导词用关系副词 where 或者 in which。故选 A。5. (2018天津市一中) Jenny asked me _ I had returned the bike to its owner, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what【答案】C6. (2018江苏南京师大附中) According to The Sun, British scientis

47、ts have solved the ancient riddle of _ came firstchicken or egg?A. who B. what C. which D. that【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：据太阳报报道，英国科学家日前解开了“先有鸡还是先有蛋”的古老谜团。表示“哪一个”用 which，在宾语从句中做主语，故选 C. 7. (2018江苏启东中学) _ work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress is deeply rooted in our socia

48、l values.A. How B. Whether C. That D. Why【答案】C【解析】考查主语从句。句意：工作和创造性活动是人类进步的重要驱动者，这深深地植根于我们的社会价值观中。 “_ work and creative activities have been important drivers of human progress”作主语，是主语从句，该从句结构意思完整，故应用 that 引导该从句。故 C 选项正确。8. (2018江苏常熟中学) World AIDS Day is also important in reminding us that HIV has not go