2019年高考英语语法必考考点10非谓语动词含解析.doc

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1、20192019 年高考英语语法必考考点（年高考英语语法必考考点（1010）：非谓语动词含解析）：非谓语动词含解析【考点解读考点解读】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing 和过去分词等几种形式，这是历年高考必考内容，每年都会有 1-2 题涉及该部分要点。考点集中在：非谓语动词作定语的区别;动名词和不定式作宾语的用法比较;现在分词和过去分词的用法比较;特定句型中非谓语动词的用法等。【高考考点透视】1. 非谓语动词的构成和语法功能及用法对比；2. 非谓语动词的完成式、被动式的用法和特点；3. 非谓语动词的复合结构及否定形式；4. 不定式与动名词，动名词与现在分词，现在分词与过去分词，分词作状语与独立

2、结构等用法对比；5. 不定式和动名词在及物动词后作宾语的区别是考查的热点；6. 过去分词作定语，不定式和分词作宾语补足语的用法；7. 不定式标志 to 和介词 to 的用法判断等；8. 带 to 与不带 to 的不定式的用法及区别。考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如：1. The children (play) _ the violin over there will go on th

3、e stage next week.【答案与解析】根据句子结构，我们可以看出这是一个简单句。主语是 The children，谓语部分是 will go on the stage，动词 play 显然在句中不作谓语，应用非谓语动词形式。依据 play 与它的逻辑主语 children 之间的主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行，可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰 children，意为“正在那边拉小提琴的小孩” ，因而正确答案为 playing。考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不

4、同。动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题：1._tired of Toms all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.A) To get B) To have gotC) G

5、etting D) Have got【答案与解析】一般来说，在句子中没有连接词的情况下, 逗号是无力连接两个句子的。据此，首先可以确定 这是一个简单句，非谓语动词短语放在句首作状语。依据非谓语动词短语 get tired of 与其逻辑主语 Julia 之间的主动关系，以及谓语动词与非谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，没有明显的先后顺序，可以断定应用现在分词一般式作原因状语,即“由于厌倦了 Tom 只说不做的工作态度” ，故正确答案为 C。考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之

6、间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢?请看下面例题：1. The last bus (go)_, we had to walk home.2. Weather (permit)_, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.【答案与解析】这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，即“是 末班车开走了，而不是我们走了” ， “是天气允许,而不是飞船允许”

7、 ，这种现象或结构就是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动关系，正确答案分别为 having gone 和 permitting。请再看下面例题：3. The work (finish) _, they may go home.4. The problem (discuss) _ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.【答案与解析】同样，这两道题的结构也是独立主格结构。依据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的被动关系以及非谓语动词所表示动作发生的时间性，可以判断正确答案分别为finished(已完成)和 bein

8、g discussed(正在进行)。考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行);如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：_ that Bob

9、had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.A) Heard B) Having heard C) Hear D) To hear【答案与解析】依据非谓语动词 hear 与其逻辑主语 his friends 之间的主动关系，以及前后句的逻辑关系，可以断定用现在分词形式来作时间状语，再根据现在分词的动作“听说”发生在主要谓语动词“来”之前，由此判断应该用现在分词的完成式(只用作状语时使用)，意为“听说 Bob 已得到提升，他的朋友都来向他表示祝贺” ，故正确答案为 B。考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变非谓语动词(动词不定式

10、或动名词)作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把 it 作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题：1. It is an honour for me (be) _ your English teacher.2. It is no use of us (wait) _ at home like this.【答案与解析】根据对句式的分析，可以判断出 It 是形式主语,真正的主语由非谓语动词(动词不定式或动名词)来充当。依据表语的特性以及句式的特点,我们可以断定第 1 题应该填动词不定式，即 to be，第 2 题应该填动名词，即 waiting。六、考查作定语的非谓语

11、动词的判断非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态;用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如：1. The boy (cry)_ over there is my younger brother.【答案与解析】依

12、据 cry 与它的逻辑主语 The boy 之间的主动关系和 cry 的动作正在进行，所以用现在分词作定语修饰 boy，因而正确答案为 crying。【真题分析真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2018北京卷) _ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experienceA. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled【答案】B【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。 “_ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名

13、词，故 B 选项正确。2. (2018北京卷) During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared【答案】B3. (2018北京卷) Ordinary soap, _ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.A. used B. to use C. using D. us

14、e【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively 是主句，_ correctly 是条件状语，修饰 ordinary soap，ordinary soap 和 use 之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A 选项正确。4. (2018天津卷) I didnt mean _anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help_ it.A. to eat；to try B. eating；try

15、ingC. eating；to try D. to eat； trying【答案】D【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语 mean to do（打算做） ，couldnt help doing 忍不住做。故选 D。5. (2018天津卷) I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs_.A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take【答案】B6. (2018江苏卷) Around 13,500 new jobs

16、 were created during the period, _ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.A. having exceeded B. to exceedC. exceeded D. exceeding【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这期间，大约创造 13,500 个新的工作，超过市场分析师持有的 12,000 的预期数量。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故选 D。7. (2017天津卷) The hospital has recently obtaine

17、d new medical equipment, _ more patients to be treated.A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语。句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用 doing 即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故选 B。8.

18、 (2017江苏卷) Many Chinese brands, _ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing【答案】A9. (2017北京卷) Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time. A. s

19、ave B. saving C. to save D. saved【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选 C。10. (2017北京卷) The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ from butterflies to elephants. A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged 【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：国家公园有许多的野生动物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。此处野生动物和 range 之

20、间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选 A。二、单句填空1. (2018新课标 I 卷) You dont have to run fast or for long_ (see) the benefit【答案】to see【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你不必快跑或跑很长的距离才会看到益处，此处 to see the benefit 作结果状语。故答案为 to see。2. (2018新课标 I 卷) You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running.【答案】dying【解

21、析】考查非谓语动词。空前有介词 of, 介词后出现动词，只能用这个动词的动名词形式作宾语。故答案为 dying。3. (2018新课标 II 卷) Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide.“ says the banks Juergen Voegele.【答案】feeding【解析】考查非谓语动词。while 是连词，后跟动词-ing 作伴随状语，

22、故答案为feeding。4. (2018新课标 III 卷) I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _(look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel_(challenge).【答案】looking; challenged5. (2018新课标 III 卷) Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay)and watch.【答案】to stay【解析】考查非谓语动词，掌握 allow sb to do sth（允许某人做某事）

23、 ，故答案为 to stay。6. (2018浙江卷) I still remember_(visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.【答案】visiting【解析】考查 remember 的用法，remember to do 记得要做，remember doing,记得做过。此处表明记得拜访过，故答案为 visiting.7. (2017新课标 I 卷) They are required 63 (p

24、rocess) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions【答案】to process【解析】考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。8. (2017新课标 I 卷) by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet【答案】eating【解析】考查非谓语动词。介词 by 后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填 eat

25、ing。9. (2017新课标 II 卷) This included digging up the road， 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top【答案】laying10. (2016新课标 III 卷) People probably cooked their food in large pots, 64 (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it【答案】using【解析】考查非谓语动词。use 与其逻辑主语 People 之间是主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作状语。三、单句改错1. (

26、2018新课标 I 卷) My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.【答案】sellselling【解析】考查非谓语动词，介词 by 后接动词 ing 形式，故答案为 sell 改为 selling。2. (2018新课标 II 卷) but no matter how many times I asked to watching them, my parents would not to let me.【答案】watchingwatch【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：但是不管有多少次我请求看（动画片

27、） ，我的父母都不让我看。ask to do sth 请求做某事。故答案为 watching 改为 watch。3. (2018新课标 III 卷) Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.【答案】wait waiting【解析】根据句子结构，此处应用分词作状语，因此 wait 改成 waiting。4. (2017新课标 I 卷) The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!”“Slow d

28、own!” “ Turning left”【答案】TurningTurn【解析】考查谓语动词。此处为祈使句, 并和上文中的“Speed up”和“Slow down”并列, 故改为动词原形 Turn。5. (2016新课标 II 卷) We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.【答案】taketaking【解析】考查非谓语动词。因为 and 连接两个并列的成分, 且介词后接动名词形式, 所以将 take 改为 taking。6. (2016新课标 III 卷) I showed them I was independent by

29、 wear strange clothes.【答案】wearwearing【解析】考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。7. (2016浙江卷) He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.【答案】knowingknow8. (2015陕西卷) My favorite picture at the party is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happy laughter!【答案】enjoyenjoying。【解析】考查非谓语动词。在介词 of 之后要用动词-i

30、ng 形式。9. (2015四川卷) Weve been spending a lot of time sing in karaoke bars.【答案】singsinging【解析】考查非谓语动词。spend time (in) doing sth. “花费时间做某事”, 为固定用法。10. (2015浙江卷) I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view.【答案】sitsitting【解析】考查非谓语动词。enjoy 后要接动词ing 形式。【对点测试对点测试】一、单项选择1. (2018天津市静海县一中) I hap

31、pen_ her novel these days, while the news of the author is spreading fast in the media.A. to read B. to be reading C. to have been reading D. to be read【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当这个作家的新闻在媒体上飞快传播时，我碰巧这些日子正在读她的小说。happen to do sth.表示“碰巧做某事” ，由下文的时间状语可知，“read”表示现阶段正在进行的动作，用不定式的进行时，故选 B。2. (2018北京市朝阳区) _ an op

32、posing idea effectively, you can use the following words and phrases.A. To express B. Expressing C. Expressed D. Being expressed【答案】A【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了能有效地表达相反的观点，你可以用以下的词语。根据句意可知用动词不定式作状语表示目的，故选 A。3. (2018海淀二模) Personally speaking, _the grand blueprint into reality is a long process.A. turning B. tu

33、rn C. turned D. having turned【答案】A【解析】考查动名词。句意：在我看来，将这个宏伟的蓝图变成现实是一个漫长的过程。“_ the grand blueprint into reality” 做主语，所以要用动名词形式，故该空填 turning。A 选项正确。4. (2018天津市南开中学) A 9.0 magnitude earthquake rocked the northeast coast of Honshu Japan, _ building in the capital Tokyo and as far as Osaka.A. shook B. shak

34、ing C. having shaken D. shaken.【答案】B5. (2018天津市耀华中学) _more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选 C6. (2018北京市海淀区) Dream of

35、 the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical, _the fortunes of Caos own family.A. mirrored B. to mirror C. mirroring D. mirror【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：红楼梦被认为是一部半自传性质的小说，它反映了曹雪芹自己家族的命运。Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semi-autobiographical 是主句，_the fortunes of Caos own family 是定语，修饰D

36、ream of the Red Chamber，Dream of the Red Chamber 和 mirror 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词做定语，C 选项正确。7. (2018天津市河东区) He let me write down his instructions sure that I would know what was after he went away.A. making; doing B. making; to doC. to make; to do D. to make; to be done【答案】D8. (2018天津市南开区)_the effect of cult

37、ure shock, he is trying to read a lot about it before going to France for further study.A. To reduce B. Reduced C. Reducing D. Having reduced【答案】A【解析】句意：为了减少文化冲击的影响，在去法国深造之前，他尝试看了许多书。表示目的，用不定式结构。9. (2018江苏泰州中学) The artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part

38、of Kenya.A. to be cheated B. being cheatedC. to have been cheated D. having been cheated【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中考查 be said to do 表示“据说” ，再根据后句 and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.可知事情已经发生，故用不定式的完成式。句意：据说这位艺术家的作品已经被窃取了, 因此在肯尼亚的每一个地方都有盗版视频。故选 C。10. (2018江苏泰州中学) at the back of the room

39、was a shy girl with two big eyes.A. Sat B. Sit C. Seating D. Seated【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是一个倒装句，seated 为形容词作表语。句意：在房间的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，有两只大眼睛。故选 D。二、单句填空1. (2018河北省衡水中学) Most Americans think of Saint Patricks Day as a big party 42 (center) around drinking alcohol.【答案】centered2. (2018河北省衡水中学) as the proverb

40、goes: “The dragon is awake, 42 (raise) his head.”【答案】raising【解析】考查现在分词作状语，分析句子可知，raise 在句中作状语，它与主语 The dragon 是主动关系，故填 raising。3. (2018重庆市一中) But boys in a single-sex school are said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that help develop their emotional expressivenes

41、s than_44_(teach) alongside girls,【答案】taught【解析】考查过去分词。句中主语 boys 和动词 teach 是被动关系用过去分词，指男孩们被教，故填 taught.4. (2018河北省衡水中学) To deal with these problems, the company came up with the idea of encouraging people 48 (return) the bikes to stations by rewarding free time for their next rides.【答案】to return【解析】

42、encourage sb to do sth 固定搭配，意为鼓励某人做某事。故填 to return。5. (2018河北曲周县一中) he has done a great job in his assignment for his science class, 43 (witness) the reproduction of animals is a precious experience for kids.【答案】witnessing【解析】考查现在分词。现在分词 witnessing 作状语，与主语 he 是主动关系，故填witnessing。6. (2018河北石家庄二中) This

43、 site reports science news 44 (cover) a wide range of subjects.【答案】covering【解析】考查非谓语动词。cover 与其逻辑主语 This site 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填 covering。7. (2018河北石家庄二中) The increase is 0.5 percentage points higher than the targeted growth, partly 44 (drive) by strong efforts to increase the use of new technology a

44、t traditional enterprises(企业)【答案】driven【解析】考查过去分词。句意：这个增幅比目标增长率高 0.5 个百分点，部分是受传统企业大力增加使用新技术的努力的驱使。此处是用过去分词 driven 作状语，与主语 The increase 是被动关系，故填 driven.8. (2018河南南阳市一中) As the economy developed, autos pushed bikes off the roads, 43 (create) heavy pollution and miserable traffic.【答案】creating9. (2018河南

45、南阳市一中) Researchers who came from many countries traveled through the Taklamakan Desert, which is now in Xinjiang, to explore ancient sites along the Silk Road, 46 (lead) to many discoveries and studies,【答案】leading【解析】考查非谓语动词。lead 与其逻辑主语 Researchers 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词，填 leading。10. (2018河南郑州市一中) Many of

46、 the pictures also showed people 46 (follow) animals and trying to kill them for food.【答案】following【解析】本题考查了非谓语动词的用法。句意为：人们在追逐动物，并且想把它们杀掉当食物。此题是非谓语动词题，句子有两种处理方式，如果按照非谓语动词，主语是 follow的发出者，所以应当用 following，如果把后半部分视作从句，则应该用过去进行时。确定答案(were) following。三、单句改错1. (2018衡水金卷调研卷) Knowing your own potentials and

47、making practical goals instead of setting high expectations can keep yourself away from heavy burden, thus enjoy good mental health.【答案】enjoyenjoying【解析】考查现在分词。句意：了解自己的潜力，制定实际的目标，而不是设定很高的期望，可以让自己远离沉重的负担，结果享受良好的心理健康。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故把 enjoy 改成 enjoying。2. (2018山东聊城市) Thank you so much for inviting me to take part in the winter camp organizing by your school in the coming winter holiday.【答案】organizing organized【解析】考查非谓语动词。organize 与其逻辑主语 the winter camp 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，所以 organizing 改成 organized。3. (2018山东祁县) Nowadays, take Chinas high-spee