托福阅读解题技巧之表格题目.docx

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1、托福阅读解题技巧之表格题目 托福阅读考试有哪些题型?每一种题型应当如何解答呢?这些可能都是大家在托福备考的过程当中须要驾驭的，今日这里我就为大家带来了托福阅读表格题目的解题方法，希望对大家托福提分有帮助。 托福阅读解题技巧之表格题目 IBT阅读中的表格题是新题型，同时在IBT听力部分也出现了。与听力部分不同的是，IBT阅读部分的表格题既包括了对全文重点内容的发问又包括了对全文主题和结论发问。它们以对比表格和总结表格的形式出现。相对于听力表格题来说，阅读部分的难度系数更大一些。在IBT阅读的3篇文章中有两个此类问题，且通常是文章最终一道题目，为2分。 一、表格题分为两大类：总结表格题和对比表格题

2、。 1、总结表格题 相对而言， 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题，这是由它们自身特点，出题方式和原文是否具备对比比照关系这三方面的因素确定的。 2、题的出题模式有两种： 一种是针对全文内容出题，答案由全文的主题，细微环节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题，答案由这些重点支持性段落主题，段落结论，以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。这里我们重点看第一种出题模式。 我们来看一个例子， The Atlantic Cod Fishery Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island o

3、f Newfoundland in Canada south to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks. Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on the edge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet the co

4、ld waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral from the ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, which feed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill. Groundfish, such as

5、 the Atlantic cod, live in the oceans bottom layer, congregating in the shallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has produced cod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth. Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the

6、ports of north western Europe arrived to fish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy taking fish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight in the fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think

7、 the only sea creature worth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous with cod. Newfoundlands national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod. By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchants based in the capita

8、l at St. Johns. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working out of more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishing equipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the islands thin, rocky soil. This system kept the fishers in a

9、continuous state of debt and dependence on the merchants. 托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目1 PASSAGE 19 The principal difference between urban growth in Europe and in the North American colonies was the slow evolution of cities in the former and their rapid growth in the latter. In Europe they grew over a period of c

10、enturies from town economies to their present urban structure. In North America, they started as wilderness communities and developed to mature urbanism in little more than a century. In the early colonial days in North America, small cities sprang up along the Atlantic Coastline, mostly in what are

11、 now New England and Middle Atlantic states in the United States and in the lower Saint Lawrence valley in Canada. This was natural because these areas were nearest to England and France, particularly England, from which most capital goods (assets such as equipment) and many consumer goods were impo

12、rted. Merchandising establishments were, accordingly, advantageously located in port cities from which goods could be readily distributed to interior settlements. Here, too, were the favored locations for processing raw materials prior to export. Boston, Philadelphia, New York, Montreal, and other c

13、ities flourished, and, as the colonies grew, these cities increased in importance. This was less true in the colonial South, where life centered around large farms, known as plantations, rather than around towns, as was the case in the areas further north along the Atlantic coastline. The local isol

14、ation and the economic self-sufficiency of the plantations were antagonistic to the development of the towns. The plantations maintained their independence because they were located on navigable streams and each had a wharf accessible to the small shipping of that day. In fact, one of the strongest

15、factors in the selection of plantation land was the desire to have its front on a water highway. When the United States became an independent nation in 1776, it did not have a single city as large as 50,000 inhabitants, but by 1820 it had a city of more than 10,000 people, and by 1880 it had recorde

16、d a city of over one million. It was not until after 1823, after the mechanization of the spinning had weaving industries, that cities started drawing young people away from farms. Such migration was particularly rapid following the Civil War (1861-1865). 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A)

17、 Factors that slowed the growth of cities in Europe. (B) The evolution of cities in North America (C) Trade between North American and European cities (D) The effects of the United Sates' independence on urban growth in New England. 2. The word they in line 4 refers to (A) North American colonie

18、s (B) cities (C) centuries (D) town economies 3. The passage compares early European and North American cities on the basis of which of the following? (A) Their economic success (B) The type of merchandise they exported (C) Their ability to distribute goods to interior settlements (D) The pace of th

19、eir development 4. The word accordingly in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) as usual (B) in contrast (C) to some degree (D) for that reason 5. According to the passage , early colonial cities were established along the Atlantic coastline of North America due to (A) an abundance of natural resour

20、ces (B) financial support from colonial governments (C) proximity to parts of Europe (D) a favorable climate 6. The passage indicates that during colonial times, the Atlantic coastline cities prepared which of the following for shipment to Europe? (A) Manufacturing equipment (B) Capital goods (C) Co

21、nsumer goods (D) Raw materials 7. According to the passage , all of the following aspects of the plantation system influenced the growth of southern cities EXCEPT the (A) location of the plantations (B) access of plantation owners to shipping (C) relationships between plantation residents and city r

22、esidents (D) economic self-sufficiency of the plantations 8. It can be inferred from the passage that, in comparison with northern cities, most southern cities were (A) more prosperous (B) smaller (C) less economically self-sufficient (D) tied less closely to England than to France 9. The word recor

23、ded in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) imagined (B) discovered (C) documented (D) planned 10. The word drawing in line 28 is closest in meaning to (A) attracting (B) employing (C) instructing (D) representing 11. The passage mentions the period following the Civil War (line 29) because it was a

24、 time of (A) significant obstacles to industrial growth (B) decreased dependence on foreign trade (C) increased numbers of people leaving employment on farms (D) increased migration from northern states to southern states 答案：BBDDC DCBCA C 托福阅读真题100篇原文+题目2 PASSAGE 20 (25) In seventeenth-century colon

25、ial North America, all day-to-day cooking was done in the fireplace. Generally large, fireplaces were planned for cooking as well as for warmth. Those in the Northeast were usually four or five feet high, and in the South, they were often high enough for a person to walk into. A heavy timber called

26、the mantel tree was used as a lintel to support the stonework above the fireplace opening. This timber might be scorched occasionally, but it was far enough in front of the rising column of heat to be safe from catching fire. Two ledges were built across from each other on the inside of the chimney.

27、 On these rested the ends of a lug pole from which pots were suspended when cooking. Wood from a freshly cut tree was used for the lug pole, so it would resist heat, but it had to be replaced frequently because it dried out and charred, and was thus weakened. Sometimes the pole broke and the dinner

28、fell into the fire. When iron became easier to obtain, it was used instead of wood for lug poles, and later fireplaces had pivoting metal rods to hang pots from. Beside the fireplace and built as part of it was the oven. It was made like a small, secondary fireplace with a flue leading into the main

29、 chimney to draw out smoke. Sometimes the door of the oven faced the room, but most ovens were built with the opening facing into the fireplace. On baking days (usually once or twice a week) a roaring fire of oven wood, consisting of brown maple sticks, was maintained in the oven until its walls wer

30、e extremely hot. The embers were later removed, bread dough was put into the oven, and the oven was sealed shut until the bread was fully baked. Not all baking was done in a big oven, however. Also used was an iron bake kettle, which looked like a stewpot on legs and which had an iron lid. This is s

31、aid to have worked well when it was placed in the fireplace, surrounded by glowing wood embers, with more embers piled on its lid. 1. Which of the following aspects of domestic life in colonial North America does the passage mainly discuss? (A) methods of baking bread (B) fireplace cooking (C) the u

32、se of iron kettles in a typical kitchen (D) the types of wood used in preparing meals 2. The author mentions the fireplaces built in the South to illustrate (A) how the materials used were similar to the materials used in northeastern fireplaces (B) that they served diverse functions (C) that they w

33、ere usually larger than northeastern fireplaces (D) how they were safer than northeastern fireplaces 3. The word scorched in line 6 is closest in meaning to (A) burned (B) cut (C) enlarged (D) bent 4. The word it in line 6 refers to (A) the stonework (B) the fireplace opening (C) the mantel tree (D)

34、 the rising column of heat 5. According to the passage , how was food usually cooked in a pot in the seventeenth century? (A) By placing the pot directly into the fire (B) By putting the pot in the oven (C) By filling the pot with hot water (D) By hanging the pot on a pole over the fire 6. The word

35、obtain in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) maintain (B) reinforce (C) manufacture (D) acquire 7. Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a disadvantage of using a wooden lug pole? (A) It was made of wood not readily available. (B) It was difficult to move or rotate. (C) It occasion

36、ally broke. (D) It became too hot to touch. 8. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that, compared to other firewood, oven wood produced (A) less smoke (B) more heat (C) fewer embers (D) lower flames 9. According to paragraph 3, all of the following were true of a colonial oven EXCEPT: (A) It was use

37、d to heat the kitchen every day. (B) It was built as part of the main fireplace. (C) The smoke it generated went out through the main chimney. (D) It was heated with maple sticks. 10. According to the passage , which of the following was an advantage of a bake kettle? (A) It did not take up a lot of

38、 space in the fireplace. (B) It did not need to be tightly closed. (C) It could be used in addition to or instead of the oven. (D) It could be used to cook several foods at one time. 答案：BCACD DCBAA 托福阅读解题技巧之表格题目本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第17页 共17页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页第 17 页 共 17 页