定语从句考点分析.ppt

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1、The Attributive Clause (II) 定语从句的运用,Guessing,1.She is a woman.She is a beautiful woman.She is a beautiful woman who abandoned（抛弃） all her family, flew to the sky and lived alone in an isolated（孤立的，孤独的） palace.,2.It is an animal.It is a lovely animal.It is a lovely animal with two long ears.It is a l

2、ovely animal with two long ears, which feeds on carrots.,号外号外：高中英语教师请留步，学习型字帖现在免费送，只要您是高中英语教师，均可免费领取一本字帖。我们给您发快递，不收取运费。详情请微信扫描右侧图片二维码或者微信搜索ld17360147931,加客服微信即可！字帖亮点：1、附有衡水体书写指导规范教程，熟悉了指导方法后练习书写又快又好。2、仿写素材就是高考备考核心知识，学生在练字的时候也可学习巩固知识。3、采取一线格格式，让学生提前适应呢高考书写环境。友情提示：此次送书活动针对辛勤的高中英语教师，非高中英语教师不在此次送书的范畴哦，请

3、见谅！,3.It is a festival.Its a Chinese traditional festival.Its a Chinese traditional festival when people get together to watch the moon and enjoy moon cakes delightedly.,Happy Mid-autumn Day,4.Its an object. Its an object in our classroom now. Its an object in our classroom now, without which Jane c

4、ant make her voice loud enough as to be heard by you clearly.,Mini-loudspeaker,高考对定语从句的命题点会集中于： 限制性和非限制性定语从句中关系词的考查； 介词 + which/ whom 的考查 定语从句中的主谓一致。,一 命题趋势, 先行词指人： 先行词指物： 先行词指时间： 先行词指地点： 先行词为 reason: 关系词 whose 只能作定语，其后必须有名 词， 构成：,who, whom, that,which, that,when,where,二 引导定语从句的关系词的用法,why,whose + no

5、un,三 备考策略,熟练掌握关系代词 (which, that, who, as) 和关系副词 (where, when, why) 的基本用法：关系代词在定语从句中须充当主语或宾语；关系副词则只充当状语。,(一) 定语从句关系词的选择原则1. 关系代词和关系副词的辨别： 当先行词是 reason 或表时间，地点的词时，判断是用关系代词还是关系副词，先看从句中缺少的成分：,从句中缺少主语或宾语时用关系代词 which/ that; 从句中不缺少主语或宾语时用 where, when, why 引导。,关系副词when, where, why的用法以及与关系代词的区分。关系副词在定语从句当中只能

6、充当状语，当一个句子能够完整地表达一个意思时，我们就可以给这个句子加上特定的关系副词。eg. I wont forget the time when I got married.Have you still remember the days when we stayed together?,This is the place where we had a good time.Is this the house where Mr Smith lives?I dont know the reason why he wont join us.Do you know the reason why h

7、e didnt come to sweep the classroom?,关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分。请比较以下句子：This is the park that we visited last year.This is the park where we held a birthday party.She wont forget the days that she spent on the island.,She wont forget the days when they stayed together.Thats the date when we

8、went to the college.Thats the date that she wont forget for ever.I like the time when we lived together.I like the time that we had together.,Exercises : Fill in the blanks with appropriate relative pronouns and adverbs. 1. Is this the room _ you cleaned last time? 2. Is this the room _ we lived bef

9、ore? 3. This is the garden _ they stayed for a night. 4. This is the garden _ they visited last time.,that,where,where,that,5. Tom has forgotten the day _ he left his home. 6. Tom has forgotten the day _ I told him last day. 7. She still remembers the year _ she found her first job. 8. She still rem

10、embers the year _ she spent in Jining.,when,that,when,that,Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? (05北京春, 26) A. where B. when C. that D. what 【解析】先行词虽然是chicken farm, 但定语从句中 visited 是及物动词，缺少宾语，所以须选择可作宾语的关系代词 _。,Mozarts birthplace and the house _ he composed “The Magic

11、Flute” are both museums now. (09上海, 34) A. where B. when C. there D. which【解析】先行词为地点名词短语，定语从句 he composed “The Magic Flute” 中 主-谓-宾 齐全，所以选择 _.,I still remember the days _ we spent in the summer camp two years ago. A. which B. when C. what D. where【解析】先行词为the days, 但从句中的spent为及物动词，缺少宾语，所在不选 B, 答案为_。,

12、Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江苏, 23) A. if B. when C. which D. since 【解析】本题先行词为days，从句 local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan 中主，宾不缺，所以选择 _。,2. where 引导的定语从句是近年来高考的热点，where 不仅能指具体的地点，也可以指抽象的场合或情境。 A bank is the place _ they

13、 lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (11浙江, 10) A. when B. that C. where D. there 【解析】定语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，先行词为 place 表地点，故选答案 _。,Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. (09重庆, 34) A. why B. what C. that D. where【解析】本题从句中不缺少主语和宾

14、语，先行词 a long race 表示抽象的场合，故答案为_.,【小窍门】在确定定语从句须用关系副词引导时，只要前面的先行词不是 reason 或不表示时间，就选择 where。 Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumers complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (08江西, 35) A. where B. when C. who D. which 【解析】从句中不缺少主语和宾语，前面没有出现时间名词和 reason, 答案为_。,(二) 非

15、限制性定语从句1. 除 that 不可用于非限制定语从句外，其它所有的关系词都可用于非限制性定语从句。 As a child , Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather. (10全国I, 24) A. which B. where C. what D. that 【解析】定语从句位于逗号后为非限制性定语从句，可先排除 D 和 C，从句中缺主语，选择_。,【特别提示】在逗号后的定语从句中同学们可以先把 that/ what 选项去掉，在剩下的两个选项中选择正确的答案。 The Science Museu

16、m, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. (08江苏, 24) A. which B. what C. that D. where,2. which 引导非限制性定语从句时，既可指前面的先行词，也可指前面的整个句子(无具体先行词)。 Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. (08浙江, 8) A. whom B. where C. that D. which【解析】答案为_，指前面的car, 作

17、从句为主 bought 的宾语。,Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, make all the others upset. (11北京, 26) A. who B. whichC. what D. that【解析】先排除 C 和 D, 定语从句没有具体的先行词，而是前面的句子所讲的事让其他人难过。,3. as 引导非限制性定语从句置于主句之后时， 可与 which 互换 (两者同时出现时须首选 which)，但是置于句首时，只能用as 引导。 The owner of the cinema

18、 needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _ meant spending tens of thousand of pounds. (06江苏, 29) A. who B. that C. as D. which,_ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (04江苏, 33) A. Which B. When C. What D. As 【解析】答案为 _。从句位于句首，缺少主语，只用关系代词 _

19、。【注】as 为关系代词，在定语从句中须充当主语或宾语。,D,(三) “介词 + 关系代词” 引导的的定语从句1. 可用于 “介词 + 关系代词” 引导定语从句的关系代词不可用 that, 指人须用 whom, 指事物则须用 which。 We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _ we gave some bells and glasses. (06湖南, 30) A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which,2.

20、 高考对这类定语从句的考查难点在于介词的确定。介词的确定可根据： 从句谓语动词的搭配而定 Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. (09陕西, 11) A .of which B. with which C. about which D. into which【解析】本题答案为_，介词根据从句谓语argued 可构成 argue about sth/ with sb 而得出答案。, 先行词的固定搭配而定 We went through a period _ communications were ver

21、y difficult in the rural areas. (08上海, 38) A. what B. whose C. in which D. with which【解析】本题从句语意完整，介词须根据先行词 a period 来定，通常构成 in the period, 所以答案是 _。, 根据语境确定介词 She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. (06陕西, 8) A. after which B. from which C. from that D

22、. after that 【解析】本题从句语意完整，根据主从句的关系可知是在“北京大学受过教育之后” 她去了国外深造。因此答案是 _。,3. “of + which/ whom” 引导定语从句时，of 具有独立意义，“其中” 的意思，表示整体与部分关系，其前常用表数量的 some, all, both, either, most, 20, 20%, the first 等。 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. (08湖南, 31) A. most

23、 of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that 【解析】可先排除选项 C 和 D, 再根据逗号不连接句子排除 _, 所以答案是 _。,For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example. (08四川, 4) A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which 【解析】答案为 _。本题语意：对世界上的许多城市来说，都没有向外进一步发展的空间，其

24、中纽约就是一个例子。,【小窍门】只要前面主句中出现了表示数量的词语如 many, 5, 3 months, millions of , 则定语从句中必然会出现 of + which/ whom 的结构，可节省时间。 It is reported that two schools, _ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. (07四川, 27) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which,The journey around the world took

25、the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. (04广西, 28) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which,(四) “whose + noun” 和 “the + noun + of + which/ whom” 引导的定语从句。【注】whose + noun = the noun + of whom/ which, 这两种结构不可混淆，为唯一正确的表达！whose the noun 和 noun of which / whom 都是错误的,Look

26、 out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. (06福建, 22) A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 【解析】答案为_。whose 引导定语从句时后面必须有名词，构成：whose + noun “其, 它的” 的意思。whose roof = of which the roof/ the roof of which,She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than

27、three years. (11江西, 34) A. for which B. with which C. of whichD. to which【解析】 答案为_。the construction of which = whose construction,(五) 先行词与定语从句的分离现象 在考试中经常会出现先行词与定语从句分离的现象，使试题的难度大增，这时要分析语境，找准先行词，从而正确选择关系词。 The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (11天津, 10) A. when B

28、. that C. where D. which 【解析】本题先行词为the days，为了句子结构平衡，把定语从句后置。答案为_。,Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. (10湖南, 28) A. who B. where C. when D. which 【解析】本题答案为_。先行词为_ 在从句中作 met 的宾语。B答案错误，因为从句中有in the English speech contest 作

29、地点状语。,Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. (11上海, 39) A. whichB. where C. when D. as【解析】本题先行词为_，作从句谓语hire 的宾语，故用_ 引导定语从句，其中间插入了_。,taxis,which,waiting at the bus station,【解题诀窍】主要根据从句是否缺少主语或宾语来确定关系词。缺少主或宾语，用which/ that/ who等，不缺则用when/ where。但同时也要注意句子的语境

30、和语意。 She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. (11福建, 24) A. which B. where C. what D. who 【解析】本题从句中缺少主语，先排除B和C，再根据语意可知 a gift 才是真正的先行词。,(六) that 和 as 引导的定语从句 以下情况只用 that 引导定语从句：1) 先行词是不定代词 anything, everything, nothing, all 等时；2)

31、 先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；3) 先行词由人和物构成时；4) 先行词前有 the only, the very 修饰时。,Consolidation exercises.Fill in the blanks with suitable relative pronouns.1. This is the only book _ I got last year.2. Is this the book in _ you are interested?3. This is the largest animal _ Tom saw in the zoo.,that,which,that,5.

32、All the desks _ are bought look really wonderful.6. Do you have any money _is used to build the factory?7. Tom has a toy, _ was given by his father.8. This is the second watch _ my father bought for me.,that,that,which,that,4. Rose still remembers the trees and teachers_ exist (存在)in the mother scho

33、ol.,that, as 引导定语从句，在从句中须充当主语或宾语1) 当先行词前有such, the same 修饰时，定语从句常用 as 引导。2) 在非限制性定语从句中，as 可与 which 互换，但在句首时只可用 as。,Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else _, is there? (05北京, 35) A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn I refuse to accept the bl

34、ame for something _ was someone elses fault. (10全国II, 16) A. who B. that C. as D. what,His plan was such a good one _ we all agreed to accept it. (06陕西, 9) A. so B. and C. that D. as The Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool. (06天津, 12) A. what B. that C. how D. as,归

35、纳总结： “such + noun + that-clause” 与 “such + noun + as-clause” 结构辨析： 从句中缺少宾语/主语时用_, 不缺主语或宾语则用_。,as,that,(七) 定语从句中的主谓一致问题 定语从句中的作主语的关系代词所指的就是先行词内容，因此从句的谓语动词须与先行词在数等方面保持一致。 【注】考查中先行词一般是 one of + n (pl.), 这 时同学们只须看one 前面有无定冠词 the，如 有，则先行词为the one; 如无，则先行词为 of 后面的复数名词。,He is the only one of the students w

36、ho _ the winner of the scholarship for three years. (02上海) A. is B. are C. have been D. had been He is one of the three students who _ the winner of the scholarship for three years. A. is B. are C. have been D. has been,1. I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elses fault. (10全国II

37、, 16) A. who B. that C. as D. what2. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather. (11全国II, 7) A. this B. that C. what D. which,练练吧,3. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in

38、the city. (10浙江, 3) A. whom B. which C. them D. those4. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. (11全国I, 31) A. that B. which C. whose D. what,5. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. (07天津, 11) A. when B. whose

39、C. which D. where6. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. (11陕西11) A. which B. where C. who D. that,7. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. (09江苏, 23) A. if B. when C. which D. si

40、nce8. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _ are beyond our control. (08湖南, 31) A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that,9. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. (10上海, 38) A. on which B. by which C. to whi

41、ch D. from which10. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _ had taken more than three years. (11江西, 34) A. for which B. with which C. of which D. to which,11. She brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. (09全国I, 28) A. them B. who C. whom D. these12. By

42、nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (08福建, 31) A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which,13. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _ consumers complaints have resulted in changes in the law. (08江西, 35) A. where B. when C. who D. which 14. In china, the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world. (10重庆, 28) A. where B. which C. whose D. that,