高考英语阅读理解专项攻略—推理判断题20190510.pptx

《高考英语阅读理解专项攻略—推理判断题20190510.pptx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语阅读理解专项攻略—推理判断题20190510.pptx（22页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、高考英语阅读理解专项攻略,推理判断题,考纲解读,推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的文字信息，而且还要进行一定的判断和推理，并以此推断出文章的隐含意义。推理判断题属于主观性很强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词语，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。此时应特别注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”的想法。,1. 推断隐含意义,2.推断作者观点或态度,3.推断写作目的,4.推断文章出处,5.推断上下文内容,阅读推理判断题,推理判断题分类,一、考查

2、隐含意义的推断,隐含意义的推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现等词。,infer（推断），,indicate（象征，暗示），,imply（暗示）,suggest（暗示）,conclude（作出结论），,assume（假定，设想）,1.It can be inferred from the passage that_. 2.The author strongly suggests that_ 3.It can be con

3、cluded from the passage that_. 4.The writer implies but not directly states that_5.The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that_6.The writer talked about. . Because he thought_,主要设题方式有：,【典型考例】,(2018全国B).In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt

4、 Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.,How does Matt Tebbu

5、tt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.,带着题干中的标识词“help”找到第二段中的“with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per f

6、amily a day”可知,马特主厨在烹饪方面给予了她帮助,所以选C项。,【解题思路】,二、考查推断作者观点和态度：,positive negativeapproval disapprovalobjective subjectiveoptimistic pessimisticindifferent reservedneutral unbiasedcritical doubtful sarcastic/ironic,积极的，肯定的,消极的，否定的,赞成的,不赞成的,客观的,主观的,乐观的,悲观的,漠不关心的,保留意见的,中立的,无偏见的，公平的,批评的,怀疑的,讽刺的，挖苦的,观点态度推断题考

7、查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上，对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别，关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写，对文章所交代的人或者事情进行评判。,1.The attitude of the author towards something is_2.The writer of the passage seems to think that_3.Whats the authors opinion on. ? 4.What do we know about sb. in the passage? 5.Somebody can be sai

8、d_. 6.What does the author think about. ?,主要设题方式有:,【典型考例】,(2017全国).Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already p

9、ermitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.,What is the governments attitude to the development of the flying car?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous. D.Disapprovi

10、ng.,根据文中的“ The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”可知,政府对这种飞行汽车的研发持支持的态度。cautious“谨慎的”;favorable“支持的”;ambiguous“含糊不清的”;disapproving“不赞成的”。,【解题思路】,故答案选B。,三、 考查写作意图推断,写作意图推断要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事

11、实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。,主要设题方式有：,1.What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? 2.The purpose of the text is to get more people to_3.The writer of the story wants to tell us that_4.The fact. Is mentioned by the author to show_5.The author writes

12、the last paragraph in order to_,【典型考例】,(2018全国B)Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food,she visits

13、a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals

14、 for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.,“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes w

15、ere not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.,What does the author intend to do in

16、 paragraph 4?A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.,【解题思路】,推理判断题。作者在第四段中提到“The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health.”,由此可知,作者写这

17、一段是为了提供一些有关节目的背景信息,所以与C项相符。,故答案选C。,四、 考查文章来源和读者对象推断,推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、 小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号人座，选出正确的答案。,主要设题方式有：,1.This passage would be most likely to be found in_2.The passage is probably taken out of _3.Where does this text proba

18、bly come from? 4.Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? 5.The text is intended for_.,（全国卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To

19、reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount . For ch

20、ildren under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _. A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine,14. More than 30,000 drivers and front seat p

21、assengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. Wearing a seat belt（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over

22、14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of so

23、me kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before y

24、ou decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it. This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a traffic police report C. an advertisement D. a government

25、 information booklet （小册子）,More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured each year.,you could be fined up to $ 50,Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined ,a police report,五推断上下文内容,1Which of the following might have happened afterwards?2The paragraph(following the passage) will most pr

26、obably be_.3We can conclude from the passage that_.4Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the passage?,主要设题方式有：,When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of their environment. They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did. When human

27、s learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals tha

28、t humans fed upon. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to fo

29、llow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization,William, Shakespeare said, “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(纱线), good and ill together. ” The above brief review of the applic

30、ation of only one part of human activitiesscience seems to prove what Shakespeare said. But does it have to be so? Must the ill always go together with the good? Are we biologically programmed for war? What do you think the author is most likely to suggest if he continues to write? A. Further applic

31、ation of science to war. B. More reading of William Shakespear. C. Proper use of science in the new century. D. Effective ways to separate the good from the ill.,推断上下文内容,推理判断题的五大技巧：,1抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理。抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。2整合全文(段)信息进行推断。做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断，确定最佳结论。3利用语境的褒贬性进行推断。几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。4根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。作者的思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词。5根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。,