托福综合写作之阅读材料归纳总结技巧.docx
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1、托福综合写作之阅读材料归纳总结技巧 在托福写作备考的过程中,词汇和思维枯竭往往是我们学生最简单遇到的备考问题。那么,想要跨越这些障碍,我们又该做些什么呢?下面我们就为大家带来托福综合写作之阅读材料归纳总结技巧,希望能为大家备考带来帮助。 托福综合写作之阅读材料归纳总结技巧 对于托福写作里面的第一道大餐,许多同学都有这样的误会:阅读材料因为会在考试过程中出现两次,并且在最终文章的写作当中,并不须要太多的阅读的细微环节,所以在阅读的时候只须要在确定了开头段的中心论点之后,对后面三个分类点的阅读内容,只集中在topic sentence上面就可以了。这事实上是一个误区,因为对阅读材料的把控,会干脆影
2、响到后面听力的结果。简洁说来,就是阅读材料把握越好,听力内容往往能把握得更精确,细微环节也更为充分。下面想要和大家共享到 的,是April在托福综合写作的教学工程中总结出来的阅读材料的解构方法,希望能对备考托福综合写作的同学有一些帮助。 二. 阅读开头段的解构 1. 阅读开头: 综合写作的开头段,一般会先引出本篇文章话题,不管是什么题材的题目,都会有话题引入的部分。我们阅读开头段主要目的是获得题目的中心论点。 请看?个官方真题Official的开头例?: 对应考题举例:官方真题Official10 The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in wa
3、ters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigatin
4、g the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two. 对应考题举例:官方真题Official6 Communal online encyclopedias represent one of the latest resources
5、to be found on the Internet. They are in many respects like traditional printed encyclopedias collections of articles on various subjects. What is specific to these online encyclopedias, however, is that any Internet user can contribute a new article or make an editorial change in an existing one. A
6、s a result, the encyclopedias.is authored by the whole community of Internet users. The idea might sound attractive, but the communal online encyclopedias have several important problems that make them much less valuable than traditional, printed encyclopedias. 大家不难发觉,不管是实行哪种方式开头,有一点我们可以确定,就是阅读开头段的中
7、心论点,肯定出现在该段的段末。但是大家肯定不要就以此为依据考试过程中只读最终一句,应为综合写作涉及的题材广泛,只有整体把控,才能理解得最为精确。 2. 阅读材料中间段:总体说来,阅读材料的中间段是以并列形式出现的,所以三个段落的解构方式也是一样的。大部分题目的中间段是以一个topic sentence 开头的,所以许多同学坚持认为阅读看看开头句就好。事实上,对于大部分考试来说,三分钟去读这篇阅读文章,时间是特别充分的,那么考生应当做的是好好利用这个时间,对中间段的内容通读一篇,解构的要点有两个,一是要找出论证的角度,这有利于推想听力材料的论证逻辑,其次是要通读过后找出论证里面的逻辑链,这是最终
8、我们在写作文章时,干脆须要的东西。 请看官方真题Official里面节选出来的中间段: 对应考题举例:官方真题Official10 Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental po
9、llution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales 解析:论证角度:同类型海洋生物的死亡 逻辑链“:同类型海洋生物死亡 污染导致的生态破坏/wi
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