托福阅读题型练习附答案.docx

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1、托福阅读题型练习附答案 本文中学习啦为大家带来托福阅读题型练习，每篇文章都附答案。希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注学习啦! 托福阅读句子插入题：The Origins of Cetaceans Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walkingmammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly interm

2、ediate, or transitional,between land mammals and cetaceans. Very exciting discoveries have finally allowed scientists to reconstruct the most likely origins of cetaceans. In1979, a team looking for fossils in northern Pakistan found what proved to be the oldest fossil whale. The fossil wasofficially

3、 named Pakicetus in honor of the country where the discovery was made. Pakicetus was found embedded inrocks formed from river deposits that were 52 million years old. The river that formed these deposits was actually not farfrom an ancient ocean known as the Tethys Sea.( The Origins of Cetaceans) Lo

4、ok at the four squares that indicate where the following sentence can be added to the passage. This is a question that has puzzled scientists for ages. Where would the sentence best fit? 托福阅读句子插入题答案：2 托福阅读句子简化题：highlighted sentence 【Paragraph 1】 Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts ac

5、cording to the materials used to constructthemclay, glass, wood, fiber, and metalit was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to theirbeing known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simplecategories:

6、 containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supportsmust be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used intheir making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and

7、 sheltered. These laws are universal in theirapplication, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides,it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision,have d

8、etermined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms canvary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why

9、we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being differentfrom an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primaryfunction. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer cho

10、ices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ( Applied Arts and Fine Arts) Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics. The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of ph

11、ysics. Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determinedtheir general form. The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws ofphysics. 托福阅读句子简化题答案：1 托福阅读词汇题：Applied Arts 【P

12、aragraph 1】 Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to constructthemclay, glass, wood, fiber, and metalit was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to theirbeing known as the "applied arts." Approaching crafts from the po

13、int of view of function, we can divide them into simplecategories: containers, shelters and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supportsmust be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used intheir ma

14、king and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in theirapplication, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides,it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional se

15、nse. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision,have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms canvary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm.Ho

16、wever, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being differentfrom an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object's primaryfunction. (Applied Arts and Fine Arts) The word “they” in

17、the passage refers to applied-art objects the laws of physics containers the sides of pots 托福阅读词汇题答案：1 托福阅读修辞目的题：Applied Arts and Fine Arts 【Paragraph 2】Sensitivity to physical laws is thus an important consideration for the maker of applied-art objects. Itis often taken for granted that this is als

18、o true for the maker of fine-art objects. This assumption misses a significantdifference between the two disciplines. Fine-art objects are not constrained by the laws of physics in the same way thatapplied-art objects are. Because their primary purpose is not functional, they are only limited in ter

19、ms of the materialsused to make them. Sculptures must, for example, be stable, which requires an understanding of the properties of mass,weight distribution, and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut, and the paint must notdeteriorate, crack, or discolor. These

20、 are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrudeupon his or her conception of the work. For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with araised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed

21、 to supportthe weight of the leg. In other words, the demands of the laws of physics, not the sculptor's aesthetic intentions, placedthe ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quicklydisappeared when sculptors learned how to

22、strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron beingmuch stronger than bronze). (Applied Arts and Fine Arts) Why does the author discuss the bronze statues of horses created by artists in the early Italian Renaissance? To provide an example of a problem related to the laws of p

23、hysics that a fine artist must overcome To argue that fine artists are unconcerned with the laws of physics To contrast the relative sophistication of modern artists in solving problems related to the laws of physics To note an exceptional piece of art constructed without the aid of technology 托福阅读修辞目的题答案：1 托福阅读题型练习附答案本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第9页 共9页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页第 9 页 共 9 页