托福阅读中的倒装句整理.docx

《托福阅读中的倒装句整理.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《托福阅读中的倒装句整理.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、托福阅读中的倒装句整理 托福阅读之所以让同学们苦恼，除了托福阅读词汇量较大以外，句子结构困难也是新托福阅读的障碍之一。面对难句，我们必需快速把握其主干和重点，下面介绍的倒装句便是如此。来看看吧! 托福阅读中的倒装句整理 托福阅读中的倒装句主要有下列状况： 1.方位副词放在句首 Herein lay the beginning of what ultimately turned from ignorance to denial of the value of nutritional therapies in medicine。 2.介词放在句首 Among the species of seab

2、irds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate， lay eggs， and rear their young are common murres， Atlantic puffins， black-legged kittiwakes， and northern gannets。 3. 形容词放在句首 Implicit in it is an aesthetic principle as well： that the medium has certain qualit

3、ies of beauty and expressiveness with which sculptors must bring own aesthetic sensibilities into harmony。 4.过去分词放在句首 Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”， the film has never been， in the full sense of the word， silent。 5.现在分词放在句首 Missing until recently were

4、 fossils clearly intermediate， or transitional， between land mammals and cetaceans。 句子倒装的目的主要有两个： 一是被提前的部分被强调，如上述的第四句：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，其中的accustomed根据正常语序应当放在are之后：Though we are accustomed to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “sil

5、ent”。之所以将accustomed提前，是为了强调它。二是为了句子的平衡，否则将导致头重脚轻的效果，如上述的第一句、第三句和第五句。以第五句为例，根据正常语序应当是：Fossils clearly intermediate， or transitional， between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently。但是这种句子结构比较糟糕，因为主语及其修饰语过长(从句首直到cetaceans)，而谓语部分were missing until recently较短，简单造成头重脚轻的效果。第五句将missing提前，避开了

6、这一现象。 托福阅读中为了考试时能快速把握句子的主干，大家须要进行更多的阅读和分析，每种托福阅读难句类型都有肯定的练习，在不断的练习中自己总结不同类型文章的行文思路，不同类型考题的答题技巧，练得多了考试时就能驾轻就熟了。 托福阅读中常见的八个问题 1、如何合理利用技巧完成托福阅读? 参与托福考试的考试一般集中在中学生、高校生，词汇量在四五千左右，他们在接触托福阅读的时候会遇到许多生词，尤其是分门别类的学科词汇，分为地理、天文、生物学、动物学四大块，学员就会有许多的误会，究竟应当驾驭多少词汇才能做好托福阅读。其实只要确定好中心词汇和构架词汇的区分，对学科词汇只须要认知，对构架词汇须要熟知。在技巧

7、中只须要通过分解句型，由于托福阅读特殊长，每个都是长连句分析，把它根据逻辑分解之后，根据关键词，找到重点部分，最终找到简洁的出题主干，就很简单理解了。 2、在读托福阅读的文章时应当采纳什么依次和方法? 读文章一般都是先看题目再读文章。看题目的话，托福和雅思的区分就在于要我们自己去定位，因为每个题目都是根据文章的依次顺延下来的，只是在最终一个小结题目的时候须要翻开前面的文章，重点读每一段的首末句找到它。 3、平常再教学中，学生做托福阅读题目时有什么常见的误区吗? 大多数学生的问题都在于对句子的理解，尤其是复合句，学生无法理解整个句子，而是会根据个别的单次来分散，造成句子理解的中断。我们在教育的时

8、候会把句子分解，让学生去看句子的构架，这样学生去找主干的话就会简单的多了。由于托福阅读中，一长段的内容事实上有效信息并不多，要从中找出有效信息就须要对句型有了解，只看独立的词就无法理解意思。 4、托福阅读是须要六级以上的词汇量才能得到相对较高的分数吗?为什么? 学生考过六级之后不肯定能在托福上获得高分，六级和托福的考试还是有特别大的区分。六级的词汇量是考托福至少的一个基础。因为六级背诵的大多数是构架词汇，这些是须要娴熟的。假如有六级词汇的基础，后续学习中基础提高也会比较快。 5、对于基础较差的学生，或者是词汇量不足的中学生，如何学习托福去拿到一个较好的分数? 现在教研组也开发出了针对不同学生所

9、须要的词表，词汇会划分等级层层递进，我们现在也已经起先对学生实行，效果也很好。 6、那对于基础较差的学生，须要他们词汇量增加到六级的程度，是否也会比较困难? 也不会很难。词表设计非常合理，每一级别都是考试中常常出现的高频词汇，我们也会让学生每天驾驭肯定的量，学生假如能根据老师的要求每天完成，进展还是很快的。 7、近期的托福阅读考试趋势如何? 最近考试可能会出现一些经济类、美国国家文化、城市类的比较多，通过最近几次的考试也能看出这些内容以前都有涉及到，现在慢慢地考试中出现多了，像考古学现在也有出现，这些类型的文章对学生的难度也会比较大，对学生熟识度较低，尤其像考古学的内容会涉及到专业性的词汇，这

10、些词汇会有很基础的构架，我们会让学生登记来，这样答题也会比较简单。 8、对于近期要打算托福考试的学生，是否有建议? 建议学生正式备考的时间不超过三个月。考试前还是希望同学不要浮躁，根据老师的要求去用心备考，不要有特殊多的侥幸心理。有同学可能觉得选择题可以根据所谓的技巧去蒙题猜题。我们的确是有给到一些很便捷的揣测题目方法，但是假如在考试时间比较充裕的前提下，还是安心备考，从最基础的学起，学习必要词汇，分析文章的方法，培育成一个良好的阅读习惯。 托福阅读真题1 The Native American peoples of the north Pacific Coast created a high

11、ly complex maritime culture as they invented modes of production unique to their special environment. In addition to their sophisticated technical culture, they also attained one of the most complex social organizations of any nonagricultural people in the world. In a division of labor similar to th

12、at of the hunting peoples in the interior and among foraging peoples throughout the world, the men did most of the fishing, and the women processed the catch. Women also specialized in the gathering of the abundant shellfish that lived closer to shore. They collected oysters, crabs, sea urchins, mus

13、sels, abalone, and clams, which they could gather while remaining close to their children. The maritime life harvested by the women not only provided food, but also supplied more of the raw materials for making tools than did fish gathered by the men. Of particular importance for the native tool kit

14、 before the introduction of metal was the wide knife made from the larger mussel shells, and a variety of cutting edges that could be made from other marine shells. The women used their tools to process all of the fish and marine mammals brought in by the men. They cleaned the fish, and dried vast q

15、uantities of them for the winter. They sun-dried fish when practical, but in the rainy climate of the coastal area they also used smokehouses to preserve tons of fish and other seafood annually. Each product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the

16、 meat, and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils. After drying the fish, the women pounded some of them into fish meal, which was an easily transported food used in soups, stews, or other dishes to provide protein and thickening in the absence of fresh fish or while on long tr

17、ips. The woman also made a cheese-like substance from a mixture of fish and roe by aging it in storehouses or by burying it in wooden boxes or pits lined with rocks and tree leaves. 1. Which aspect of the lives of the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast does the passage mainly discuss? (A) M

18、ethods of food preservation (B) How diet was restricted by the environment (C) The contributions of women to the food supply (D) Difficulties in establishing successful farms 2. The word unique in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) comprehensible (B) productive (C) intentional (D) particular 3. The

19、 word attained in line 3 is closest in meaning to (A) achieved (B) modified (C) demanded (D) spread 4. It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that the social organization of many agricultural peoples is (A) more complex than that of hunters and foragers (B) less efficient than that of hunters and forag

20、ers (C) more widespread than that of hunters and foragers (D) better documented than that of hunters and foragers 5. According to the passage , what is true of the division of labor mentioned in line 5? (A) It was first developed by Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast. (B) It rarely existed

21、among hunting (C) It was a structure that the Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast shared with many other peoples. (D) It provided a form of social organization that was found mainly among coastal peoples. 6. The word abundant in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) prosperous (B) plentiful (C

22、) acceptable (D) fundamental 7. All of the following are true of the north Pacific coast women EXCEPT that they (A) were more likely to catch shellfish than other kinds of fish (B) contributed more materials for tool making than the men did (C) sometimes searched for food far inland from the coast (

23、D) prepared and preserved the fish 8. The word They in line 16 refers to (A) women (B) tools (C) mammals (D) men 9. The Native Americans of the north Pacific Coast used smokehouses in order to (A) store utensils used in food preparation (B) prevent fish and shellfish from spoiling (C) have a place t

24、o store fish and shellfish (D) prepare elaborate meals 10. The wore peculiar in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) strange (B) distinctive (C) appealing (D) biological 11. All of following are true of the cheese-like substance mentioned in paragraph 4 EXCEPT that it was (A) made from fish (B) not

25、actually cheese (C) useful on long journeys (D) made in a short period of time PASSAGE 39 CDAAC BCABB D 托福阅读真题2 According to anthropologists, people in preindustrial societies spent 3 to 4 hours per day or about 20 hours per week doing the work necessary for life. Modern comparisons of the amount of

26、 work performed per week, however, begin with the Industrial Revolution (1760-1840) when 10- to 12-hour workdays with six workdays per week were the norm. Even with extensive time devoted to work, however, both incomes and standards of living were low. As incomes rose near the end of the Industrial

27、Revolution, it became increasingly common to treat Saturday afternoons as a half-day holiday. The half holiday had become standard practice in Britain by the 1870's, but did not become common in the United States until the 1920's. In the United States, the first third of the twentieth centur

28、y saw the workweek move from 60 hours per week to just under 50 hours by the start of the 1930's. In 1914 Henry Ford reduced daily work hours at his automobile plants from 9 to 8. In 1926 he announced that henceforth his factories would close for the entire day on Saturday. At the time, Ford rec

29、eived criticism from other firms such as United States Steel and Westinghouse, but the idea was popular with workers. The Depression years of the 1930's brought with them the notion of job sharing to spread available work around; the workweek dropped to a modem low for the United States of 35 ho

30、urs. In 1938 the Fair Labor Standards Act mandated a weekly maximum of 40 hours to begin in 1940, and since that time the 8-hour day, 5-day workweek has been the standard in the United States. Adjustments in various places, however, show that this standard is not immutable. In 1987, for example, Ger

31、man metalworkers struck for and received a 37.5-hour workweek; and in 1990 many workers in Britain won a 37-hour week. Since 1989, the Japanese government has moved from a 6- to a 5-day workweek and has set a national target of 1,800 work hours per year for the average worker. The average amount of

32、work per year in Japan in 1989 was 2,088 hours per worker, compared to 1,957 for the United States and 1,646 for France. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) Why people in preindustrial societies worked few hours per week (B) Changes that have occurred in the number of hours that people work

33、 per week (C) A comparison of the number of hours worked per year in several industries (D) Working conditions during the Industrial Revolution 2. Compared to preiudustrial times, the number of hours in the workweek in the nineteenth century (A) remained constant (B) decreased slightly (C) decreased

34、 significantly (D) increased significantly 3. The word norm in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) minimum. (B) example (C) possibility (D) standard 4. The word henceforth in line 13 is closest in meaning to (A) in the end (B) for a brief period (C) from that time on (D) on occasion 5. The idea ment

35、ioned in line 15 refers to (A) the 60-hour workweek (B) the reduction in the cost of automobiles (C) the reduction in the workweek at some automobile factories (D) the criticism of Ford by United States Steel and Westinghouse 6. What is one reason for the change in the length of the workweek for the

36、 average worker in the United States during the 1930's? (A) Several people sometimes shared a single job. (B) Labor strikes in several countries influenced labor policy in the United States. (C) Several corporations increased the length of the workweek. (D) The United States government institute

37、d a 35-hour workweek. 7. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the purposes of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ? (A) to discourage workers from asking for increased wages (B) to establish a limit on the number of hours in the workweek (C) to allow employers to set the length of the work

38、week for their workers (D) to restrict trade with countries that had a long workweek 8. The word mandated in line 18 is closest in meaning to (A) required (B) recommended (C) eliminated (D) considered 9. The word immutable in line 21 is closest in meaning to (A) unmatched (B) irregular (C) unnecessa

39、ry (D) unchangeable 10. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as evidence that the length of the workweek has been declining since the nineteenth century? (A) The half-day holiday (line 7) (B) Henry Ford (lines 11-12) (C) United States Steel and Westinghouse (line 14-15) (D) German metalworkers (l

40、ine 21) 11. According to the passage , one goal of the Japanese government is to reduce the average annual amount of work to (A) 1,646 hours (B) 1,800 hours (C) 1,957 hours (D) 2,088 hours PASSAGE 40 BDDCC ABADCB 托福阅读中的倒装句整理本文来源：网络收集与整理，如有侵权，请联系作者删除，谢谢！第20页 共20页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页第 20 页 共 20 页