英语复习：助动词情态动词归纳11351.pdf

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1、英语复习：助动词情态动词归纳 助动词和情态动词本身不能做谓语动词，只能帮动词来构成谓语，起到相关的语法功能 助动词：be,do,have 一.Be 动词用法 1.Be 动词后接现在分词，构成进行时态 He is cleaning the classroom 2.Be 动词后接过去分词，构成被动语态 These iphones are made in China 3.Be 动词后接不定式，分下列几种情况 情况一：表示未来的计划或安排 The Girls Generation is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.情况二：表目的 The dinner is to ho

2、nour the guests Your job is to take care of the baby 情况三：表可能(近似于can,may)Such books are to be found in any library 情况四：表示命令,应该.（近似should/ought to)Youre to hand in your exercise this afternoon.二Do 的用法 1.构成疑问，否定，祈使句 Do you always play table tennis?I dont think he will come Do remember to your family 2.

3、表示强调 The letter we were expecting never did arrive.三Have 的用法 构成完成时态或虚拟语气 I have seen the film.If you had listened to the doctor,you would be much better now.情态动词 情态动词用法 1.can/could 表示能力 I could swim across the river when I was young 表示客观可能性（理论上的），用于肯定句 Anybody can make mistakes Accidents can happen

4、on such rainy days.表示请求，允许 Can I go now?Could you lend me some money?表示惊讶，怀疑 How can Bigbang come to Chongqing?2.shall 用于第一，三人称疑问句中，表征求对方意见 Shall I write it down?Shall he come in?用于第二，三人称陈述句，表示命令，警告 You shall never see Allen Sus concert unless you can sing his song.should 表示建议，劝告或推测，当“应该”讲 Lie to ME

5、 should be a good serial We should strict with ourselves.ought to 和 should 一样表示应该，可能性还要更大 Human ought to stop polluting nature Studying oughtnt to occupy all of your spare time 3.will/would 表示意志或愿望 I will never do that again 表示请示，建议 Would/will you please tell me the way to the CSC?表示经常，习惯性动作 Fish wi

6、ll die without water 表示预料或猜想 It will be about ten minutes way to get CSC 4.may/might 表示允许许可，否定回答时，用mustnt May I watch TV after supper？Yes,you may./No,you mustnt 表示推测，否定时没有mightnt 说法，5.区分 may not/can not 用法 It may be a trick.He may not come today It cant be our headteacher May 在祈使句表祝愿 May you success

7、.May you have a happy life 6.must 必须，强调主观，用于非常肯定的推测 You must come to school on time Justin Biber must be famous in European contries have to 必须，不得不，客观 I have to go now,and its already 12:00 7.used to 过去常常.现在没有 I used to be the fan of Hejie He didnt use to go to work by bike 8.had better 最好，接动词原形，否定为

8、 had better not Youd better talk so loudly.What had we better do next?9.would rather 宁愿，接动词原形 I would rather dance with Micheal 10.need 情态动词，用于否定，疑问句中，需要，必要 You neednt ask me the question Need I finish the work before ten?Yes,you must.实意动词，need to do need to be done=need doing I need to go to Beijin

9、g to attend an important meeting.The windows need to be cleaned/cleaning We dont need to watch this film 11.dare 情态动词，敢,用于否定，有 过 去 式dared，I dare say,固定短语。My sister darent go out when when night falls 实意动词，dare to do Do you dare to drive a car on such a crowded road?I dont dare to drive the car on it

10、.12.情态动词+have done 用法 Have done 是现在完成时的标志，表示已经做过了某事，且对现在还造成影响 1.must have done 过去一定做过某件事情，语气最强 It must have rained last night,for the road is quite muddy.否定形式为：cant/couldnt have done,过去一定没做某件事情，不能用mustnt have done He couldnt have gone abroad,for I met last night.2.may/might have done 过去可能做过某件事情,对过去的

11、事情不肯定的推测 You might have read about it in the papers You may not have known it before hand.3.can/could have done 过去本来可以做某事，但却没有做 You could have stay with me when you were in this city on business.4.ought to/should have done 过去本来应该做某事，但却没有做（有强烈的责备和不满）You should have studied harder He shouldnt have don

12、e that.5.Would have done 过去本来应该做某事，但却没有做（没有有责备和不满，只是说明情况）Another worker wouldnt have acted like that.6.neednt have done 过去不必做某事，但是却做了 I neednt taken the umbrella,for the weather is fine.You neednt have told them again.I have told them already.助动词的用法总结及讲解 一助动词：情态助动词，基础助动词 助动词的定义：助动词和情态动词都是英语中特殊动词，即：不

13、能再句子中独立充当句子成分。而是与实义动词一 起使用构成复合用语。常配合主要动词，协助构成否定句，疑问句，强调句，时态，语态等语法形式。基础助动词有：be,do 情态助动词基本用法总结：情态动词 用法 否定式,疑问式与简答 can 能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）can not/cannot/cant do Can do?Yes,can./No,cant.may 可以（问句中表示请求）祝愿（用于倒装句中）may not do Maydo?Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant.must 必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustnt d

14、o Mustdo?Yes,must.No,neednt/dont have to.shall 用于一三人称征求对方意见 shall not/shant do Shalldo-?Yes,shall.No,shant.should 应当，应该（表义务责任）should not/shouldnt do Shoulddo?will 意愿，决心 请 求，建 议，用 在 问 句 中 would 比较委婉 will not/wont do Willdo?Yes,will.No,wont.would would not/wouldnt do 二助动词的功能 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a.表示时态，例如：What are you reading?（你正在阅读什么？）I am reading a magazine.（我正在阅读杂志。）He is singing.他在唱歌。We are working hard in the garden.（构成现在进行时）b.构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？Do you live in Shanghai?c.与否定副词 not 合用，构成否定句，例如：I dont like him.我不喜欢他