作文准备工作21472.pdf

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1、精品文档.C6052 材料 表示举例关系的：例子：工作需要穿制服的好处 1）To begin with,there are certain special occupations where people must wear uniforms.For instance,the police are always required to dress themselves in uniforms as a form of identity and authority.2）It is often mandatory for workers in the public service sector t

2、o wear the same clothes,especially take nurses for example,nurses whose white garments give them an image of cleanliness and professionalism.3）Another good case in point is factory employees who work on assembly lines-their uniforms,sometimes including a helmet and other protective pieces,are design

3、ed for safety reasons 精品文档.1)表示递进关系的：例子：1)The museum conserve many kinds of rare cultural relics.Furthermore,they provide a perfect place for historians to conduct research.2)One of the main reasons why immigrants should accept the new culture is that this is the quickest and easiest way for them to

4、 settle down in a foreign country.For instance,looking for accommodation might be a very complicated matter if they are not familiar with local lifestyles.Moreover,those who have no idea of the corporate culture of the new country would encounter enormous difficulties in finding a decent job.2)表示因果关

5、系的：例子：1）：The ecological problems are being aggravated;therefore,it is imperative（势在必行，必要的）that 精品文档.we take measures to combat the pollution of the environment.2）：People pay attention to media constantly.As a result,sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities.3)表示转折关系的：But =

6、however=while=whereas 例子：1)Many ads and commercials do give important information about products,but/however,some of them are merely misleading and cheating.2)Some people think that studying in a college or university is the best way for students to prepare for their future career.While/whereas othe

7、rs believe that they should leave school as soon as possible to develop their career through work experience.复合句：定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句 1 定语从句：精品文档.1）Those people who are against mandatory retirement have the following reasons.2）We should take pride in our cultural legacy which is handed down from our ance

8、stors.3）As is known to all,the restriction on private cars is a two-edged sword.4）The reason why many governments ban human cloning is that it is morally wrong.5）This is the reason why many people are strongly against the ban on pets in big cities.2 状语从句：包括原因状语从句，目的状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句 原因状语从句：概述：常用 be

9、cause，since，for，as 等来引导原因状语从句，但是四个词在使用上又略有区别。Because:语气最强，所引出的原因往往似乎听话人所不知道的或者最感兴趣的。精品文档.例子：I was absent from school because I caught a cold yesterday.Since:表示人们已经知道的事实，是不需要强调的原因，所以被翻译成“既然”，通常放在句首。例子：Since we dont have class tomorrow,why not go out for a picnic?Since you are an English major,I guess

10、 you can help me with this sentence.As：和 since 用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话人看来已经很明显，或者已经为听话人所熟悉而不需要用because 来强调。例子：As Sunday is a national holiday,all government offices will be closed.For:表示推测的理由，是对前面主句的内容加以解释或者说明。例子：It rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning.精品文档.由介词短语引导的原因状语从句 Because of/due to/o

11、wing to+名词/词组 例子：We had an accident because he was careless.用介词短语来引导：We had an accident because of his carelessness.We had an accident due to his carelessness.Owing to his carelessness we had an accident.注意：owing to 常用于句首，due to 一般不这么用。目的状语从句：概述：表示目的，常用的引导词有 so that,in order that 等。一般位于主句之后，引导的句子中可以

12、用 may/can/might/could 等情态动词。如果要强调目的状语从句，可以将 so that/in order that 引导的从句置于句首。例子：I turned off the TV in order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.精品文档.In order that my roommate could study in peace and quiet.,I turned off the TV.(此句强调目的状语从句)条件状语从句：概述：常用 if,unless 来引导，if 表示“如果”，unless 表示“如果

13、不，除非”。还可以用 as long as/so long as/provided 等来引导,表示“只要”例子：if winter comes,can spring be far behind?冬天来了，春天还会远吗？Inside the book you will find a series of successful skills and suggestions for improving your English,but these will be useless unless you carry them out.So long as you work hard enough,an i

14、ron rod can be ground into a needle.只要功夫深，铁棒磨成针。A man is not old as long as he is seeking something.A man is not old until regrets take the place of dreams.精品文档.Knowledge helps you to reach the destination provided you know what the destination is.让步状语从句：概述：常用”though/although/even though/even if 来引导

15、，主句不能用 but 或者可以用 in spite of/despite 介词来引导，需要注意的是，介词后跟的必须是短语，而不是句子。例子：Although he tired hard,he failed.尽管他尽力了，他还是失败了。Even though I didnt know anybody at the party,I had a good time.Though he was inexperienced,he did a good job.=In spite of his inexperience,he did a good job.=Despite his inexperience

16、,he did a good job.3 名词性从句：包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句 主语从句：即从句在主句中当主语 精品文档.常见句型：It is+过去分词+that 从句 1）It is reported/believed/generally thought that.2）It should be noted that 3）It has been found that 4）It must be pointed out that 例子：It is reported that it will rain tomorrow.It is+形容词+that 从句 It is true/p

17、ossible/necessary/clear/likely that.例子：It is true that English is becoming an international language.It is+名词短语+that 从句 It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/an honor/a shame /common knowledge that 精品文档.例子：It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish.It is a shame that you did not pass the exam.表语从句：

18、即从句在主句中当表语（句子通常在 be 动词的后面）例子：1）My idea is that the child should be sent to school.（表语从句如果是陈述句，用 that 引导，且不能省略）2）My concern is whether he comes or not.（表语从句如果是一般疑问句，用 whether 来引导，后面加陈述句）3）The point is when you will become rich.(表语从句如果似乎特殊疑问句，用特殊疑问词来引导，后面加陈述句)精品文档.同位语从句：即用一个完整的句子来补充说明名词，一般位于一个名词的后面，结构

19、是：名词+连词+同位语从句 例子：1）The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.2）He was prepared to prove his theory that two different weights would fall to the ground at the same time.3）The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.宾语从句：略 现象描述句 中引出现象句的例子 例子：1）Nobody/No one could have f

20、ailed to notice the fact that kids lack of independence has become a grave problem in many families.精品文档.2）On many campuses/In the contemporary society/In the present-day society/In recent decades,the shortage of housing is one of the most serious problems with which people are confronted.3）Nowadays/In the present-day society/In recent decades,it can be noticed that children depend more on their parents than ever before.本次课的作业：1 仿写各种复杂句（各 1 句，从原因状语到同位语从句）2 用其他“引出现象句”的句型来仿写上面给你们的 3 句话