教师课件二3695.pdf

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1、词 法 Lecture 2 主谓一致 1 Warming-ups 你知道这些热词怎么翻译吗？1）走你 2）吐槽 3）潮人 4）正能量 5）卖萌 一.概念:主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。例如：There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were pr

2、oduced last year.二.相关知识点精讲 1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：Reading and writing are very important.读写很重要。注意：当主语由 and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典型例题 The League secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at

3、 the meeting.A.is B.was C.are D.were 答案 B.注：先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除 A.，C。本题易误选 D，因为 The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有 the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用 and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选 B。2.主谓一致中的靠近原则 1)当 there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如：There is a pen,a knife and several bo

4、oks on the desk.桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩，二十三个女孩。2）当 either or 与 neither nor，连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由 here,there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如：Either you or she is to go.不是你去，就是她去。Here is a pen,a few envelops and some pap

5、er for you.给你笔、信封和纸。3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有 with,together with,like,except,but,no less than,as well as 等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。4.谓语需用单数的情况 1）代词 each以及由 every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语

6、时，或主语中含有 each,every时,谓语需用单数。例如：Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每人都有录音机。There is something wrong with my watch.我的表坏了。2）当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.天方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。3）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：Three weeks was allowed for maki

7、ng the necessary preparations.用三个星期来做准备。Ten yuan is enough.十元够了。5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数 1）代词 what,which,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：All is right.一切顺利。All are present.人都到齐了。2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如 family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee等词后，谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时强调

8、该集体的整体。例如：His family isnt very large.他家成员不多。His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词 people,police,cattle,poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如：Are there any police around?附近有警察吗？3）有些名词，如 variety,number,population,proportion,majority 等有时看作单数，有时看作复数。例如：A number of+名词复数+复数动词。The number of+名词复数+单数动词。A number of

9、 books have lent out.The majority of the students like English.6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况 1）用 half of,most of,none of,heaps of,lots of,plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与 of 后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：Most of his money is spent on books.他大部分的钱化在书上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.大部分学生积极参与体育运动。2）用 a porti

10、on of,a series of,a pile of,a panel of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。例如：A series of accidents has been reported.媒体报道了一连串的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth.炉边有一堆木柴。3）如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。但由 more than of 作主语时，动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如：Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。More tha

11、n 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。三.巩固练习（C ）1.The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were,was B.was,was C.was,were D.were,were（A）2.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.A.is playing B.h

12、ave played C.are playing D.play（C ）3._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are C.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,are（B ）4.Ten minutes _ a long time for one who waits.A.seem B.seems C.seemed D.are seemed（A ）5.Eric is the only one of the boys who _ a drivi

13、ng license.A.has B.have C.is having D.are having（B ）6.Joy and Sorrow _ next-door neighbours.A.is B.are C.were D.be（B ）7.In my opinion,some of the news _ unbelievable.A.are B.is C.has been D.have been（C ）8.When _ the United Nations founded?A.is B.are C.was D.were（B ）9.Every possible means _ .A.has tr

14、ied B.has been tried C.was tried D.were tried（C）10.What she says and does _ nothing to do with me.A.was B.were C.has D.have（D）11.There _ a dictionary and several books on the desk.A.are B.must C.have been D.is（C ）12.Nobody _ seen the film.Its a pity.A.but Tom and Jack have B.except Tom and Jack have

15、 C.but my friends has D.but I have（B）13.No teacher and no student _ A.are admitted B.is admitted C.are admitting D.is admitting（D ）14.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were（A）15.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.hav

16、e not decided（A ）16.The writer and singer _ here.A.is B.are C.were D.do（C ）17.As I have a meeting at four,ten minutes _ all that I can spare to talk with you.A.are B.was C.is D.were（C ）18.In those days John with his classmates _ kept busy preparing for the exam.A.is B.are C.was D.were（B）19._ your cl

17、othes?No,mine _ hanging over there.A.Is it,is B.Are these,are C.Is it,are D.Are these,is（D）20.The Smiths family,which _ rather a large one,_ very fond of their old houses.A.were,were B.was,was C.were,was D.was,were（B ）21.What the teacher and the students want to say _ that either of the countries _

18、beautiful.A.are,are B.is,is C.are,is D.is,are（D ）22.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A.is B.are C.have been D.has been（B ）23._ of my brothers are reporters.Covering events,meetings,or sports meetings _ their duty.A.Each,are B.Both,is C.Neither,are D.No

19、ne,is（C）24.What do you think of the _ of the coat?Its rather high.You can buy a cheaper one in that shop.A.value B.cost C.price D.use（C）25.Are the two answers correct?No,_ correct.A.no one is B.both are not C.neither is D.either is not（B）26.The wind,together with rain and fog,_ making sailing diffic

20、ult.A.have been B.was C./D/are 四.答案 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.C 11.D 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.A 16.A 17.C 18.C 19.B 20.D 21.B 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.C 26.B A story around campus has it that a student once sent a telegram to his parents reading：“Mom-flunked all courses.Kicked out of school,Prepare P

21、op.”Two days later he received a response:“Pop prepared.Prepare yourself 开场白 许多学生认为数学是枯燥的、乏味的。一些非数学老师在听完一堂数学课后，往往这样评价：思路清晰、语言精练、解题严谨，就是太乏味、缺少趣味性，让人昏昏欲睡。那么，如何调动学生的上课积极性，引发他们的好奇心？设计好“开场白”，非常关键。下面是数学课的几个片断：动手实验式“开场白”：桌上摆满了切成各种形状的萝卜，大伙好像还在热列地讨论着什么。老师微笑问：“同学们，用一个平面去截一个正方体，截出的面可能是什么形状？”悬念式“开场白”：老师一上讲台，故意神

22、神秘秘地说“你们每人随便想一个自然数，将这个数乘5减7，再把结果乘2加14”。“你们算得的结果个位数字一定是0”。顿时教室里象炸了锅似的，“等你学了字母表示数，你也会算了”。故事式“开场白”：为了让学生体会图形的边长、周长、面积在变化过程中的关系，领会列方程解应用题时，关键是捕捉到不变的量。老师先给学生讲了一个故事：父亲的羊越来越多，想拆旧羊圈扩大面积，可是没有多余的篱笆，怎么办呢？他叫来了儿子,儿子不慌不忙地说：“爸，我有办法”。“你看，旧羊圈长70米，宽30米，面积2100平方米。如果改成50米见方的新羊圈，不用添篱笆，羊圈面积就有2500平方米”。诸如此类的还有：“贴近生活式”开场白；“设疑式”开场白；“名言式”开场白；“趣味式”开场白；“实例式”开场白；“比喻式”开场白等等。向学生提出恰当的问题，激发起学生的兴趣，提高他们学习的积极性。