高考英语短文改错测试重点及分类解析9389.pdf

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1、高考英语短文改错测试重点及分类解析第一节名词 在短文改错中见到名词时，应检查是否有数、格及名词前限定词用法等错误。汉语中的名词在形式上无复数变化，而是通过在名词前加数词来表示；英语则不同，除了在名词前加数词之外，如果是可数名词，还应将该名词变 为复数形式。1.检查句中名词的单复数形式是否符合句意。2.检查句中有无可数名词和不可数名词的误用。3.检查句中有无所有格的误用。4.检查句中有无名词前限定词的误用。练习请改正下列句子中的语法错误，注意名词的使用。1.He is on good term with me.2.He is a generous fellow,and will soon mak

2、e friend with you again.3.His opinion is considered to be great value.4.He sent his daughter to a girfs high school.5.Give me three spoonful of sugar.6.His eyes are as blue as a Scandinavian.7.A few peoples live to be a hundred years old.8.Aunt Mary returned home after ten years absence.9.He is a fr

3、iend of my brother.10.The observation of the law is the first duty of every citizen.注释 term f terms,term 的复数形式表示条件、关系，on good terms with意为“与关系良好”。1.friend-friends,make friends with.与某人交朋友。2.be great value f be of great value,value 是名词，be of+名词=be+形容词。即五、指示代词改错指导指示代词有 this,that,these,those,it,such,sa

4、me 等。this 和 these 一般用来指时间 和空间上较近的人或物，也常用来指后面要提到的事情，有启下的作用。that 和those则常用来指时间或空间上较远的人或物，也可用来代替前面出现过的名 词，以免重复。练习 Knowledge is there for whomever will seek it.1.Depend upon that he will come here.2.Whom do you think is the writer of this book?3.His brothers case is quite different from me.4.The populat

5、ion of London is two times as large as this city.5.People find increasingly difficult to make their living.6.“I must say good-bye now.”So I must.”He is taller than any one in his class.9.1 spoke a man who I thought to be my cousin.10.Only yesterday the hotel manager assured my husband and me that he

6、 would accept our reservation for a room.注释 whomever f whoever,这里是由 whoever 引导的宾语从句作 for 的宾语，而 whoever 在从句中作主语。1.Depend upon that-Depend upon it that,that所引导的从句不可作介词宾语,必须加上 it,再由 that引导定语从句。2.Whom-Who,这里 do you think是插入语，这里 who 是作句子主语。3.me f mineoas this city-as that of this city,这里的 that 代替 the pop

7、ulation 作比较的部分 是不可省略的。4.find f find it,这里的 it是形式宾语，而 to make their living 是不定式作宾 语。8.any one f anyone else,这里 he 也包含在他的班级里，所以应加 else,表 示他比其他的人高。9.spoke f spoke to10.1 f me,这里与 husband一起作 assured 的宾语。7.So I must.So must I.第七节数词 1.检查有无基数词与序数词之间的误用。2.检查在表示几百、几千、几百万等数字时表述是否正确。3.检查分数的表达是否正确。4.检查在表示“历史上的几

8、十年代和某人几十岁时”的表达方式是否正确。5.检查数词与其他词构成的复合形容词是否正确。练习 About three-fifth of the workers of that steel works are young people.1.When he was in his fifty,he moved to England.2.439 is four hundreds and thirty-nine.3.The sun is 93 millions miles away from the earth.4.This big steel plant has a thousand of worke

9、rs.5.Hundred of people attended the meeting last night.6.People lived a hard life in forties.7.333 is three hundred thirty-three.8.He wrote a two-thousand-words report.9.There are about three hundreds people in the park on National Day.注释 three-fifth f three-fifths,分数表达法是分子用基数词，分母用序数词，当 分子大于 1时，分母应加

10、 Sofifty f fifties,in his fifties（在他五十多岁时），in the fifties（在 50 年代）。1.hundreds f hundred.2.millions f million.3.a thousand of warders f a thousand worker.Hundred,thousand,million等词在表示具体数字时，都不加 s,在表示不确定数字时加 s,同时加 of,如：hundreds of 数百；thousands of 数千。4.Hundred f Hundreds.5.forties f the forties,指 40 年代。

11、6.hundred f hundred and.7.two-thousand-words f two-thousand-word.8.hundreds-hundred.第八节介词.检查介词有无误用。1.检查句中有无遗漏介词，特别要注意作定语用的不定式后是否缺少必要的介 I司。2.检查句中有无多余的介词。3.检查句中介词与动词、名词、形容词、副词等的搭配是否正确。练习 You must write your letter with ink.1.A man is known to the company he keeps.2.The field was dotted the great yello

12、w hats of peasants.3.Dont approach to a work of art in such a spirit.4.The boy was absorbed building a dam in the brook.1.1 was impressed at the zeal which he spoke of the plan.7.The gentleman insisted at my receiving the money.8.At last we reached to the village at the foot of the hill.9.It is know

13、n to everyone that butter is made of milk.10.The girl is proud of that her family is well descended.注释 with f ink,ink 用于使用之材料，with 用于工具或媒介。1.to f by,be known to sb.,为某人所熟悉，本句是谚语“观其友而知其人”。2.dotted f dotted with,be dotted with（点缀着）。3.approach to f approach,approach 是及物动词。4.absorbed f absorbed in,be ab

14、sorbed in（专心于）。5.at f with,which f with which,be impressed with（被所感动），withwhich起副词作用。6.at f on,insist on（坚持）。7.reached to f reached,reach 是及物动词。9.of f from,made from是指制作过程中发生性质变化，made of是物质质地 未变。10.proud of that f proud that,that 从句前的介词 of 必须省略。第九节连词.并列句中，检查并列连词的使用是否正确，有无遗漏并列连词的情况。1.复合句中，检查从属连词的使用是否

15、正确。2.检查主语从句和同位语从句前的连词是否遗漏。3.检查有无连词之间的误用，尤其是 if和 whether 之间的误用。练习 We become more and more impatient of interruptions when the years go on.1.It was not until it began to rain when I noticed his umbrella left in my car.2.At the age of six,my father took me to the circus for the first time.3.He acted li

16、ke he had never been in a museum before.4.Youll be permitted to bring a watch so that you may keep track of the time during you are taking the test.5.It was not long since they made their appearance.6.It was not so much the amount of the money but the money itself that surprised him.7.There may not

17、be much choice between this one or that.8.We must eat for we may live.9.Which do you like better,coffee and black tea?注释 when 一 as,随着。1.when 一 that,It is（was）not until.that 是 not.until 的强调句型。2.At the age of six f When I was six years old,At the age of six 用于句中是指 my father。3.like f as if,as if可以引导虚拟语

18、气的结构。4.during-while,during是介词，不可引导从句。5.since-before,not long before（不久就）。6.but-as,not so much.as（与其说不如说）。7.or f and,between.and.（it与之间）。8.forthat,that（so that,in order that）+may（might）（为了）表示目的的连接词,而for为表示原因的连接词。9.andor,表示选择。第十节从句与一致关系一、名词性从句 短文改错对名词性从句的考查侧重于连词的选择和从句的时态。1.检查语序是否正确。2.检查连接词是否误用。3.检查是否漏

19、掉了连接词，尤其是主语从句和同位语从句中的 that。4.检查宾语从句与主句的时态呼应是否正确。5.检查主语从句与谓语的数是否一致。6.检查主语从句后置时，作形式主语的 it是否出现。7.检查有无 if与 whether 的误用。二、定语从句定语从句的改错主要涉及关系代词、关系副词的运用以及定语从句中的主谓一 致问题。1.判断关系代词及关系副词的使用是否正确。2.判断先行词与定语从句的谓语动词的数是否一致。3.检查关系代词的格的使用是否正确，尤其是在关系代词作主语和介词前置时。4.检查有无关系副词与介词重复使用的情况。5.检查有无漏掉作主语的关系代词的情况。6.检查非限制性定语从句的关系代词使

20、用是否正确。7.检查定语从句中除了关系代词或关系副词外，是否还有多余的代词或副词。三、一致关系.检查主谓在数上是否违背了语法一致的原则。1.检查主谓在数上是否违背了意义一致的原则。2.检查主谓在数上是否违背了邻近原则。练习 My roommate lives in a small town in central Missouri,a quiet town which I would like to live myself.1.The United States is composed of fifty states;two of those are separated from the oth

21、ers by land or water.2.What far is it from here to the station?3.They want to know how they can do to help us.4.一 Whos gotall my money?一 I do.5.You smoke again!Why not to give it up?6.These photos will show you how our village looks like.7.Someone is at the door.Who is he?8.一 Those shirts are very e

22、xpensive.一 Do you know how they cost?9.一 Who you think is the richest man in this town?一 I think Mr.Kim is.注释 which f where,to live f to live in,live 是不及物动词。1.of those f of which,those不是关系代词，不可引导定语从句。2.What f How,what修饰名词，而 how修饰形容词、副词，用于感叹句。3.how f what,what作引导词，同时作 they can do中动词 do的宾语。5 I do f I

23、have.6.to give it up f give it up,why not 其后接不带 to 的不定式。7.how f what,从句中 looks like中的 like是介词，提问的是 like后的宾语。8.he 一 it.9.how f how much/what.10.who you think f who do you think,do you think 是插入语，去掉插入语,应是陈述语序的疑问句。第十一节倒装与省略 1.检查是否有该倒装而未倒装的情况。2.检查是否有该省略而未省略的情况。练习将下列各句改为倒装句，并强调划线部分的语气。1.The defeated army

24、 ran away,leaving many wounded soldiers.2.We can know the past,but we only feel the future.3.The news impressed me so strongly that I could not utter a word for some time.4.Our eyes are opened only after we have made a mistake.1.1 have often heard it said that he is not trustworthy.6.His faithful do

25、g sat by his side.7.We must in no case imagine that material comfort is the final goal of human happiness.8.1 never expected that the man would turn up at the meeting.9.1 found so many happy people nowhere else.10.he said good-bye to me and he drove off.注释 Away ran the defeated army.1.but the future

26、 we only feel.2.So strongly did the news impress me that.3.Only after we have made a mistake are our eyes opened.4.Often have I heard it said.5.By his side sat his faithful dog.6.In no case must we imagine.7.Never did I expect that.8.Nowhere else did I find.9.He said good-bye to me,and off he drove.

27、第二章短文改错综合练习 Exercise 1 It is Sunday today.I have been studying all day long.On 1.the morning,I had dry breakfast.We had no water to2.drink because the water supply had cut off.The water had e back in the evening.I did maths then.I didnt stop after 4.12.oclock，After a short lunch I had the break.Then

28、 I went to5.my Sunday English class.After a long and tired class for more than two hours,I got 6.to home.Some work had been done but some hadnt I must 7.review all my subject such as the Sciences and the Humanities,8.which include Chinese,English,Politics and History as 9.well.Thats terribly!Especia

29、lly when there was no water.10.答案及解析 On 改为 In。in the morning 为固定搭配。1.dry 前加 a。一般来讲，三餐前不加任何冠词，但当三餐前有形容词修饰时,则必须在形容词前加不定冠词。如：We usually havebreakfast at eight.I have a wonderful breakfast this morning.2.第一个 had后加 been。根据逻辑，此处应为被动语态。3.after 改为 untilo 构成“not.until.句型。4.the改为 a。have a break意为“休息一会儿”，为固定搭配

30、。5.tired改为 tiringo tired为形容词“劳累的“，多用来修饰人；tiring也为形容词,意为“令人劳累的”，用来修饰事物。6.册 U去 to。home为副词。7.subject 改为 subjectso subject 是可数名词。8.此行无错。9.terribly 改为 terribleo系动词后要用形容词。Exercise 2Dear students,The Students5 Union was going to hold an English Speech 1.contest in the evening of December 30.The purpose 2.i

31、s increase the students9 interest in learning English and 3.improve their spoken English.Which is going to be held in4.the school main hall and will begins at 7:30.And the 5.best five students of this English contest will be given6.prizes.Someone in Grade Three will be 7.welcome to take part in it.T

32、hose would like to take part 8.in this contest should go to the office of the Students.Union and sign it up your names and the topics of your 10.English Speech.Welcome to this great fun!答案及解析 was 改为 iso 1.in改为 on。指具体某一天的晚上，要用介词 on。2.is后加 to。此处为不定式作表语。3.Which 改为 Ito 此处应用 it 指代前文的 an English Speech co

33、ntest,如用 which 指代则无主句。4.begins改为 begino will后需用动词原形与 will 共同构成谓语部分。5.此行无错。ofgreat value二 greatly valuableo 4.girls f girls 女子高中是 a girls high school ospoonful f spoonfuls,spoonful 是可数名词。5.Scandinavian f Scandinavians。.6.peoples f people此处 people作“人讲、是复数名词。7.years f years。8.brother f brothers 应是 brot

34、hers friends,其后做了省略。9.observation f observance（遵守），observation 意为观察。第二节动词的谓语形式 一、谓语动词的时态.掌握各种时态的用法 1.注意时态的协调一致 1）在简单句中，时态要与时间状语一致。2）当两个或两个以上的谓语共用一个主语时，其时态要求一致。3）由并列连词连接的两个句子，时态上也要求一致。4）当遇到宾语从句和间接引语时，若其主句是过去时，则在从句中也必须使用 过去时。但是当宾语从句表示的是客观事实和真理时，一般用一般现在时。5）与宾语从句一样，主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的时态也要求和主句的 时态一致。6）定语从句和

35、状语从句也要与主句的时态相呼应，当从句谓语表示的动作与主 句的动作同时发生时，要用相同的时态。二、谓语动词的语态.检查句子是否该用被动语态。1.检查被动语态形式是否正确。2.检查被动语态的时态与句中其他时态是否相呼应，其数是否与其主语一致。7.Someone改为 Everyoneo everyone侧重整体，指“每个人”；someone侧重个 体，意为“某个人”。8.Those 后力口 whoo 此处用 who引导定语从句。9.go 改为 come。根据文章第一句话可知，此通知发出者是 the Students9 Uniono 所以要用 come而不用 gOo删去 it。此句中已有宾语 you

36、r names,不需用 it。Exercise 3Listening to foreign broadcast easier 1.if we know something about.There are clues 2.that can help us.One clue is the time of 3.day.Morning programs usually contains many 4.short items of news,informations,etc.The 5.items are short because of most of us are 6.getting ready t

37、o going to work in the 7.morning.Often we do not have time listen 8.to long programs.There are time for more 9.details about the subjects discuss in evening programs.10.答案及解析 easier前加 is。此处应构成“主语+系动词+表语”句型。1.about 后加 it。about 是介词，后面应接名词、代词、动名词作宾语。2.此行无错。3.contains改为 contain。主谓一致错误。主语 programs为复数形式。4

38、.informations 改为 information information 为不可数名词。5.删去 because后面的 of。because后面应接一个句子；而 because of后面应接 名词、代词、动名词。6.going 改为 gOo be ready to do sth.为固定短语，意为“准备做某事”。7.listen前为 to。have time to do sth.意为“有时间做某事”。8.are改为 is。主谓一致错误。主语 time为不可数名词，谓语应用单数形式。9.discuss 改为 discussedo非谓语动词错误。此处动词 discuss 与其逻辑主语 sub

39、jects应为被动关系，故用 discussed作定语。Exercise 4Life on earth depends the sun.Day after 1.day we see its light and feel its warm,but we 2.do not often consider about its origin.3.Yet there are many remarkable things about the 4.sun.One is their distance from the earth.Even 5.if it could be made,a trip to the

40、sun would spend a long 6.time even by the fastest rocket.7.The sun is a large satellite.The planet 8.earth is very small in comparison.The sun make 9.us to feel hot,even at a distance of 93 million miles.10.答案及解析 depend 后加 on。此处 depend 为不及物动词，应与 on连用，表示“依赖，依 靠。1.warm 改为 warmtho warm为形容词，在 its后应用名词 w

41、armth 作 feel的宾语。2.删去 about。此处 consider为及物动词，直接接宾语。3.此行无错。4.their改为 itso依上文此处指代“太阳的 spend改为 take。take应由物作主语，表示时间或金钱的花费，而 spend 则 通常用人作主语。5.by 改为 in。in the fastest rocket为固定用法，表示具体的运输工具。6.satellite改为 star。satellite意为“卫星”，star多用来指恒星。7.make改为 makeso此处 make应与主语第三人称单数 the sun保持一致。8.删去 to。当不定式作 make的宾语补足语时

42、，应省略 to。Exercise 5After I finished the school this year,I began to 1.look fbr work.Now several month later,I still hadnt2.found the job that I was interested.Last Sunday morning3.I received a phone call from a man calling him Mr.Smith.4.He said to me on the phone,I hear you do very 5.well in your st

43、udies.I may provide a job fbr you791 entered 6.his office with a beaten heart.How I hoped that I 7.will go through the job-hunting talk today and he would8.take me on as a lab assistant.But to my surprised,9.what he said disappointing.He only needed a model.10.答案及解析.删去 the。冠词错误。finish school 意为“完成学业

44、，毕业、school 为抽象名 词，前不加冠词。1.month改为 months。名词单复数错误。several 修饰可数名词复数形式。2.interested后加 in。介词错误。be interested in是固定词组。3.him改为 himself。代词错误，根据文意应为“自称是。4.do改为 dido动词错误。句意应为“我听说你（过去）学习不错”，因为现已毕业。5.此行无错。6.beaten 改为 beatingo 非谓语动词错误。a beating heart 相当于 a heart which is beating owill改为would。动词时态错误。主句是过去时，宾语从句要

45、用相应的时态。7.surprised 改为 surprise to ones surprisejoy 为习语搭配，只能是名词。8.sai d 后加 waso动词谓语漏用错误。What he said是主语从句，was disappointing 是谓语。Exercise 6Once an old man saw a bag on his way to home.1.In the bag there was a wolf.It was catching and put in 2.the bag by a shepherd(牧羊人)a few minutes ago.The wolf asked

46、the old man to let him out.3.The old man took pity on him and opened bag.4.When the wolf got out,said to the old man JI am very hungry.5.I want to eat you.The other old man could do nothing 6.and cry for help.Just then the shepherd came and saw this.7.He beat the wolf to death by a stick.Then he sai

47、d to the 8.old man,wolves want to eat men all the time.Ifs nature 9.will never change.We should took this as a good lesson.10.答案及解析删去 to。home是副词，前面不能接介词。1.catching改为 caught0主语 it与 catch的关系为被动关系，故用 was caughto此行无错。2.bag前加 the。bag 在此重复提到，为特指。3.said 前加 he。代词漏用错误。此句缺少主语，并且要与上文 him保持一致。4.删去 other。接上下文没有“

48、另一个老人”。5.and(cry)改为 but(cry)o can do nothing but 意为“只得做，为习惯搭配。6.by 改为 with。介词错误。“用工具”常用“with”。9.1痣改为 Its。同音词混淆错误。此处应为“它的本性 10.took改为 take。情态动词后应接动词原形。Exercise 7Dear Sir,Fm glad to recommend(推荐)to you my friend Li Ming.Li Ming was born on July 15,in 1974 in Beijing.1.He graduated from Xisi Primary Sc

49、hool in 1986.2.When he was in the middle school,he did good in maths,3.physics and chemistry and fond of art.After graduating 4.from No.4 High School,he entered into Beijing 5.University study physics.After four years of hard 6.work there,he went to the United States for farther?.study.Because of hi

50、s excellent work,he get a doctors 8.degree in physics this year.He is now in goodhealth but would like to make contributions to our 9.country.I should be most grateful if you would favorablyconsider my recommendation.Looking forward to receive your early reply.10.Yours truly,Wang Li 答案及解析删去 1974前的 i