仁爱版英语八年级上重点短语及句型24016.pdf
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1、-.z.八年级(上册)Unit 1 Play Sports【考点解析】Topic 1 Are you going to play basketball?Section A 1We are going to have a basketball game against Class Three against 表示“对着:反对;靠着”2cheer sbon 为加油,鼓劲 3win 和 beat 都可表示“赢”,但用法不同。(1)win(won,won)一般后接比赛,奖品或奖项作宾语,也可作不及物动词,表示“赢”的结果。(2)beat(beat,beaten)击败、战胜,一般接对手作宾语,还可译为“
2、心脏跳动”或“击打”。a game a team win+事物 a war beat+对手 a nation a prize an apponent(对手)4prefer 宁愿,更喜欢 (1)prefer doing sthto doing sth跟做*事比较起来更喜欢做*事 prefer sbsthto sb.sth跟*人*物比较起来更喜欢人*物 (2)prefer to do sth(rather)than do sth跟做*事比较起来更喜欢做*事 (3)prefer to do sth更喜欢做*事 5jointake part in (1)join 参加*个政党,团体,组织等,成为其中的
3、一员 (2)join sb(in doing sth)和*人一起(做*事)(3)join in=take part,in 参加*项活动 Section B 1play for a team 为*队效力 be inon the team 在*队打球 2dream 作名词,“梦,梦想”。egmy dream job 也可作动词 dream ofabout sth.doing sth 3“one of the+形容词最高级+名词的复数”意思是“最之一”。4break the record 打破记录 5in the 2008 Beijing Olympics 在 2008 年奥运会中。“在比赛中”用
4、in egin the racein the basketball game 6give up 放弃。注意应该把介词放在中间。eggive it up,give up doing sth放弃做*事。7What a Shame=What a pity 真遗憾!Section C 1spendcostpaytake (1)spend 作“花费”之意时,指花费时间精力财力在*事或*物上,主语是人。(2)cost 主要指花费金钱时间劳力精力等。主语是*物或*事。其结构是 sthcosts sb (3)pay sb,酬谢*人,payfor可等同于 spendon,或用 cost 作同义句转换。(4)ta
5、ke 一般指花费时间,其主语是名词或动名词,经常用 it 作形式主语。2do e*ercise=play sports 做运动,锻炼 3There be 句型的将来时结构为 There isare going to be 或 There will be。注意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示“有”的 have 和 has。4the high jump 跳高 the long jump 跳远 5Sure (1)be sure that+从句 egI am sure that he is right(2)sbbe sure to do sth*人一定会做*事。强调说话人的语气。(3)be s
6、ure ofabout sthdoing sth“确信”,表示主语对有把握。(4)用在祈使句里 Be sure(not)to do sth一定(不)做*事 egBe sure to e here early-.z.6make 的用法。(1)make sbdo sth使*人做*事。被动语态中要还原 to。(2)“make sbsth+形容词”使*人或*物处于*种状态。(3)make sthfor sbmake sbsth为*人制作 7be good for“对有益”,反义词组是 be bad for“对有害”。8keep healthy=keep fit 保持健康 Section D 1play
7、 against 跟进行比赛 play withplay againstplay for play with 玩耍,游戏,玩乐,与玩耍。play against 同比赛。play for 为效力。2leavefor离开*地去*地 leave for=set off for 出发去*地 3一般将来时 (1)含义:表示将来*个时间要发生的动作或是存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow,soon,later on,ne*t time(week,month,year,Sunday)等。(2)结构为 be going to do sth 或 will
8、 do sth。There be 句型的将来时结构为 There isare going to be或 There will be。注意在 There be 句型中不能出现表示“有”的 havehas。(3)表示位置移动的动词 go,e,leave,fly,start 等可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。其中 go 和 e一定要用现在进行时表示将来。【例 19】(10 年*中考)This term_ overThe summer vacation is ing in two weeks Ais Bwas Chas been Dwill be【例 20】(10 年*中考)If you_ to t
9、he 2010 Shanghai E*po ne*t week,I will go with you Ago Bhas gone Cwill go Dare going【考点解析】Topic 2 Would you mind passing me some water?Section A 1wouldcouldwill you(please)do sth“请你做好吗?”表示委婉请求对方做*事,否定结构是wouldcouldwill you(please)not do sth。egWould you please not play the piano loudly?2fall ill“生病”,b
10、e ill“生病的”,强调一种状态。feel ill“感觉不舒服”,强调一种身体感受。fall down摔倒,跌倒。3mind 的用法(1)作动词,表示“介意”,常用于疑问句或否定句中。其结构是 mind sbsthdoing sth 对 would you mind sbsbs doing sth及“would you mind if+从句”的回答,如果是表达“会介意”,可用 Yes,youd better not I am sorry but I do 如果表达“不会介意”,可用 No,not at all Never mind It doesnt matterNo,of course n
11、ot (2)用于提出建议。Would you mind doing sthwould you mind not doing sth?对 Would you mind doing sth的回答可以用 Of course not,I will do it right awaySorryI will do it right away对 would you mind not doing sth的回答可以用 Sorry,I wont do it againIm sorry about that (4)作名词,“思想”。set ones mind to do sthon sth专注于做*事 4be gla
12、dhappy to do sth乐意做*事 5practice sthdoing sth练习做*事 Section B 1be always doing sth老是,含有抱怨的感情色彩。2careless 形容词,反义词是 careful。carelessly 副词,反义词是 carefully 3chance 机会 have a chance to do sth有机会做*事 get a chance to do sth得到一个机会做*事 4What do you mean by sthdoing sth?=Whats the meaning of sthdoing sth?5shout at
13、 sb朝*人喊叫,含有生气或气愤的感情。shout to sb朝*人喊叫,只是为了使对方听到,没有感情色彩。-.z.6fight with sb=have a fight with sb与*人打架 7be angry with sb意为“生*人的气”,如:【】(1)be angry at 对*人的言行感到气愤,(2)be angry about sth.对*事感到生气,如:8do ones best to do sth=try to do sth尽力做*事 9say sorryhellogoodbye to sb向*人道歉问候,道 10befeel sorry forto do 为而抱歉(难过
14、)11keep 的用法(1)keep sbdoing sth使*人一直做*事(2)“keep sbsth+宾补+adj”使*人*物处于*种状态 (3)“keep sb sth+宾补+adv”使*人*物处于*种状态 (4)keep doing sth 继续不断做*事 e (5)“keep+表语”,表示保持继续(处于*种状态)egkeep fithealthy (6)赡养 egMy father keeps a big family (7)保存,保留 egHow long can I keep the book?12turn down 调低音量 turn up 调高音量 turn on 打开 tu
15、rn off 关上注意代词都要放在中间。【分析比较】turn on“打开(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)”turn off“关掉(水龙头、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等)”。turn up“开大,调高”。turn down“减少,关小”13in a minuteright awayat once 立刻,马上 14对 sorry 的回答可以是 Thats OK(all right)It doesnt matterNever mindNot at all Section C 1love doingto do sth喜欢做*事 2e*citinge*cited e*citing 指使人感到兴奋的事 e
16、*cited 是指人对感到兴奋 3as welltooalsoeithersoneither (1)tooas well 表示“也”,一般放在句末,且前用逗号隔开,常用于肯定句。egTom is a student;Jack is a student,tooas well (2)also 表示“也”,用于肯定句中,放在 be 动词、助动词、情态动词后实意动词前。(3)在否定句中,都要改为 either。(4)so 表示“也”时,用在倒装句中,表示肯定,其结构是“so+be动词助动词情态动词+主语”。e g Kate went shopping yesterday;Tom went shoppi
17、ng,tooas well(so did Tom)(5)neither 表示“也”时,用在倒装句中,表示否定,其结构是“neither+be 动词助动词情态动词+主语”。eg。Kate didnt go shopping yesterday;Tom didnt go shopping,either(Neither did Tom)4 so that 引导目的状语从句,含义是“以便,目的是,为了”。从句的谓语动词要用 may,can,should,could 等情态动词,表示目的状语,相当于 in order that,可以改成 in order to do 句型。e g Lets take t
18、he front seats so thatin order that we may see more clearly=Lets take the front seats in order to see more clearly 6otherothersanotherthe otherthe others other 作形容词,指“其他的,别的”。egother students others(1)别人 egYou must be polite to others(2)“其他的人或物”,指在一个*围之内,除去一部分后剩余的部分,而不是全部,一般出现短语 someothers 中。e.gTher
19、e are many students in the classroom,some are reading,some are writing,others are talking another(1)(三者或三者以上)“又一个,再一个”。不确定数量中的另外一个。Jack has bought another pen(2)别的,不同的。I dont like this shirtPlease show me another one(3)another+数词+名词一数词+more+名词。“再多一些”,在原来的基础上再加一些。onethe other 两者之间一个另一个 Section D 1连接时
20、间的介词用法(1)ago“多久之前”,用过去式。结构是“段时间+ago”egtwo days ago(2)“before+点时间”,表示“在几点前”,可用过去时、将来时或一般现在时。egThey will be here before 7:00。(3)“in+段时间”,指“多久之后”,用将来时。egWe will get to Beijing in three days(4)“after+点时-.z.问”,在几点之后,可用过去时,将来时或一般现在时。egWe often play football after 5:00 in the afternoon“after+段时间”,表示“多久之后”,
21、只能用于过去式。egHe came back after four days 2 instead 副词,“代替。而。相反”,单独使用时放句末。instead of sth doing sth.取代而不是 3build sbup 使*人更强壮 4have fun doing sth做*事很愉快 (1)have fun=enjoy oneself=have a good time 玩得开心,过得快乐 (2)have fun with ab.与*人共度快乐时光 (3)Have funEnjoy yourselfHave a good time 等可以作为对别人出行前得祝福。Topic 3 Which
22、 sport will you take part in?Section A 1the sports meetmeeting 运动会 the boys 800 一 meter race 男子 800 米赛跑 the long jump 跳远the high jump 跳高 the relay race 接力赛跑 2Its theones firstsecondtime to do sth 3make friends with sb与*人交朋友。注意 friends 要用复数形式。4be ready for sth为*事而准备。5maybemay be maybe=perhaps 副词,“也许,
23、大概”。egMaybe he is at the bus station nowmay be 是情态动词 may 后接动词原形 be,Section B l.打问对方是*人时,可以问 Is that(speaking)?回答可以是 Yes,whos that?Speaking 问对方是谁时用 Who is that?告诉对方自己是谁时,应该说 This is(speaking)。找人接时,应该说 Hello,may I speak to sb?回答时如果是本人接的,可以直接说 speaking。2Lets make it half past si*让我们定在六点半吧。make it(1)指约定
24、时间 egLets make it at 6:30(2)办成,做到(打算或希望做的事)3pass 动词,“传递”。pass sbsth=pass sthto sb把*物传给*人。egWould you please pass me the book?“经过”。egShe was the first one to pass the finishing linepass by“经过(*地)”。past 可作副词或介词,“在旁经过”。egHe hurried past me without stopping to talk with me【例 6】(09 年*中考)Did you see the a
25、ccident yesterday?YesIt happened when I the museum Awalked pass Bwas walking past Cwalk past Dwas walking pass【例 7】We need _ _ _(再加两个人)to do the work 4congratulations祝贺你。当别人取得成绩、荣誉时,我们可以对他说:Congratulations!【例 8】(10 年*中考)Yesterday 1 won the first place in the 100-meter race Really?_!ACongratulations
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