英译汉中常见重要短语典型句型23866.pdf

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1、-1(1).not so much.as(but).与其说还不如说(2).not so much that.as(but)that.与其说还不如说(3).not so much as.(=not even)甚至于不，连也不(4).might as well.as.与其说还不如说 例1：He is not so much a teacher as a scholar.译文：与其说他是教师，还不如说是学者。注意翻译时动作的对象 例2：It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality.译文：与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的品格

2、。例3：Its not so much that I dont want to e but I just havent got the time.译文：倒不是因为我不想来，而是我根本没有时间。例4：He didnt so much as say thank you after all wed done for him.译文：我们为他干了则多事，他甚至连都没有说一声。例5：You might as well throw your money into the sea as lend it to him.译文：与其将钱借给他，还不如把钱丢进大海。注意翻译时动作的对象 注意：more.than.1)

3、she is more beautiful than her sister.她比她姐姐漂亮。2)George is more intelligent than aggressive.与其说乔治言行放肆，不如说他聪颖过人。以上第1)句是 more.than 构造的一般用法，即在两个不同的事物之间就同一方面作比拟；而第2)句是就同一个人的两个不同方面作比拟。因此要译成“与其说还不如说。more.than 构造在上述1)2)两句中的用法也适用于 less.than 构造，得出相反的含义：例如：1)John is less daring than quick-witted.与其说约翰胆大，不如说他脑子

4、灵活。2)George was less intelligent than aggressive.与其说乔治聪颖过人，不如说他言行放肆。2几个不定代词的固定搭配：have none of:不参加；不准；不承受-I will have none of your stupid ideas!我才不承受你那愚蠢的想法！He was offered a job but he said hed have none of it.他有一个工作时机，但他说他不承受。none but(=nothing but):只有(=only)None but the brave deserves the fair.只有英雄才

5、配得上美人。She chose none but the best.她只选最好的。She is nothing but a child.她只不过是个孩子。none other than:表示惊讶不是别人，正是(=no one else but)Its none other than Tom!We thought you were in Africa.none the+比拟级词+for:毫不，一点也不 He spent 2 weeks in hospital but hes none the better for it.他在医院里待了两个星期，但一点也没好转。My car is none the

6、 worse for wear.我的车子一点也没有损耗。none the wiser:不知情 If we take only one piece of cake,mother will be none the wiser.如果我们只拿一小块蛋糕，母亲是不会知道的。none too:(在形容词或副词前)不太；一点都不 The service in this restaurant is none too fast.这家旅馆的效劳一点效率都没有。anything but:除-之外什么都此处的 but 等于 e*cept决不(=not at all)I eat anything but(e*cept)

7、fish.除了鱼，我什么都吃。She is anything but a good cook.她决不是个好厨师。(即：除了好厨师，她什么都是。)anything of:疑问句/条件句一点点；否认句一点也没有 Is he anything of a poet?他有一点点诗人的样子吗.I havent seen anything of him lately.最近我没有见过他。for anything:(否认句)给什么都不，决不 I wont go there for anything.我决不去那里。-or anything:意味着还有其他的可能性 If Bernard wants to call

8、me or anything,Ill be here all day.如果伯纳德要找我或什么的，我整天都会在这儿。if anything:假设有任何不同的话 If anything,my new job is harder than my old one.要说有什么不同的话，我的新工作反而比旧工作要难些。or something:或什么的表示说话者不能肯定 She is a stewardess or something.她是空姐或什么的。something like:有点像，大约 An airship is shaped something like a cigar.飞船的形状有点像雪茄。s

9、omething of a.:多少有点，有几分像，略懂 hes something of a book collector.他有几分像书籍收藏家。something to/in:表达等有些道理 Theres something to/in what you say;Ill take your advice.你说的有些道理，我会承受你的建议 have/be something to do with:与有关 I think Guy Fawkes had/was something to do with a plan to blow up the bridge.我想盖佛克跟图谋炸毁桥梁有关。noth

10、ing but(=none but=only):仅仅，只不过 We could see nothing but fog.除了雾之外我们什么也看不见。for nothing:免费的；徒劳的；无缘无故的 She got the ticket for nothing.她免费得到那票。All our preparation for nothing!No ones even e to the party.我们为宴会所作的准备都白费了!连一个人都没来。They quarreled for nothing.他们无缘无故地争吵。make nothing of:(常和 can 一起用)不理解；不重视,轻视(=t

11、hink nothing of)-I could make nothing of the passage.我不理解这篇文章。He makes/thinks nothing of working ten hours a day.他不在乎一天工作十小时。to say nothing of:更不用说=not to mention/without mentioning Three people were badly hurt,to say nothing of damage to the building.三个人受了重伤，建筑物的损害更不用说了。have nothing to do with:与无关

12、I have nothing to do with the accident.我与这场事故无关。nothing if not:格外地；非常地(=very/much/e*tremely)He was nothing if not clever.(=He was very clever.)他格外聪明。nothing of:无的局部；无的气质 There was nothing of the lady in her behavior.她的举止根本没有淑女的气质。区别：all but 几乎，差一点，除以外其余都是 but for 要不是 but that+从句：假设不是 例1：She all but

13、fainted when she heard the news.译文：她听到这一消息时几乎晕倒了。注：此句中 a11 but 意为 nearly，almost。试比照：All but the little children thought that the trip was e*citing 译文：除了小孩，大家都认为这次旅行是冲动人心的。此句中 all but 意为 a11 e*cept。例2：But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey.译文：要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是愉快的。例3：He would have helped us b

14、ut that he was short of money at the time.译文：假设不是他那时缺钱，他是会帮助我们的。-注1)but that引导的从句中谓语用述语气。2)but that有灵活的译法。如：Nothing would satisfy that child but that I place her on my lap(那孩子什么都不要，只要我把她抱在怀里。)3“名词+or+名词构造中 or 后的名词是同位语，应译为“即；或者称 例1：Moreover,technology includes techniques,or ways to do things,as well

15、as the machines that may or may not be necessary to apply them.译文：再者，除机器外技术还包括技艺，即制作方法，而动用这些技艺并不一定都需要机器。4“only+to do意为“，结果却，即表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果。例1:They dont have to pay for e*pensive seats at the theatre,the cinema or the opera,only to discover,perhaps,that the show is disappointing.译文：他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或

16、歌剧院买价格很贵的票，如果去了，结果却可能发现，所演的节目令人失望。例2:They hurried there only to find the meeting canceled.译文：他们匆匆忙忙赶到那儿，结果却发现会议被取消了。5not more/-er than 与 no more/-er than 构造 比拟：John is not better than Tom.John is no better than Tom.前一句表示“约翰不比汤姆好，属于普通的比拟构造；后一例用了 no 情况就不同了。no better than 相当于 as bad as，含义是两人一样坏。这里，“no+

17、形容词或副词比拟级+than所表示的可以说是该形容词或副词的反意。例如：no richer than=as poor as 和一样穷 no bigger than=as small as 和一样小 no later than=as early as 和一样早 同样地：I have not taken more than si*courses this semester.I have taken no more than si*courses this semester.-前一句的含义是本学期选的课不多于六门；后一句的含义是只选了六门。强调“少。上述构造与表示前后都否认的 no more.tha

18、n(=not.any more than)又有所不同：例：A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.鲸和马同样不是鱼。另外，在*些构造中，单独使用 more than 也能表示否认概念：例1：That is more than I can tell.我简直不能说。例2：My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing.我去不仅仅是旅游观光而已。6no more.than.(=not.any more than)和样都不(表示前后都否认)例1：The heart is no more intelligent than

19、 the stomach,for they are both controlled by the brain.心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。例2：There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take,any more than they can limit how much water you drink 译文：他们没有理由限制你服用多少维他命，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。例3：More and more Afro-Americans see him as a tricky enemy who h

20、as no more love for them than he has for the Congolese 译文：越来越多的美国黑人认识到他是个诡计多端的敌人。他仇视美国黑人，正像他仇视刚果人民一样。(直译：，他不爱美国黑人，正像他不爱刚果人一样。)注释：not.any more than 是 no more.than 的一种强调形式。例如：1)Jack is no more intelligent than John.(=Jack is not intelligent any more than John.)杰克与约翰一样都不聪明。2)A man can no more fly than

21、a bird can speak.(=A man cannot fly any more than a bird can speak.)人不会飞翔，就像鸟不会说话一样。3)As a nation,the French are no more eager to 1earn about their wartime failings than are the Japanese.(=As a nation，the French are not eager to learn about their wartime failings any more than are the Japanese.)作为一个

22、国家，法国正如日本一样不积极地从他们的战争失败中吸取教训。上述例句说明，no more.than 并不表示比拟，而是表示比喻，含有比喻意义的比拟级用于否认时，than 后面的从句不用否认式，但译成汉语时要用否认式。而与上述句型意义相反的是：no less.than，意为：“和同样是。例如：-Human is no less an animal than a monkey is.人和猴都是动物。而 no less than 的意思为：“简直是，实在是，例如：1)It is no less than blackmail to ask such a high price.如此索要高价，简直是敲诈。2

23、)It is no less than a scandal.这实在是一件丑闻。7not nearly(=by no means，far from)远不 例1:The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this,which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.译文：食品供给将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。注：1)this 是指上面提到的“到21世纪初世

24、界人口将增加到60亿或70亿。2)又如：There are not nearly enough people here to do the job(这里的人手远远不够承当这项工作。)8“更不用说的表示法：much less still less 以上两短语引导的词组或从句，表示一种追加的否认，less 是由 little 的比拟级，所以这两个词组只能用于否认句中，可译为“更不用说，更不必 开场白 许多学生认为数学是枯燥的、乏味的。一些非数学教师在听完一堂数学课后，往往这样评价：思路清晰、语言精练、解题严谨，就是太乏味、缺少趣味性，让人昏昏欲睡。则，如何调动学生的上课积极性，引发他们的好奇心.设

25、计好“开场白，非常关键。下面是数学课的几个片断：动手实验式“开场白：桌上摆满了切成各种形状的萝卜，大伙好似还在热列地讨论着什么。教师微笑问：“同学们，用一个平面去截一个正方体，截出的面可能是什么形状.悬念式“开场白：教师一上讲台，成心神神秘秘地说“你们每人随便想一-个自然数，将这个数乘5减7，再把结果乘2加14。“你们算得的结果个位数字一定是0。顿时教室里象炸了锅似的，“等你学了字母表示数，你也会算了。故事式“开场白：为了让学生体会图形的边长、周长、面积在变化过程中的关系，领会列方程解应用题时，关键是捕捉到不变的量。教师先给学生讲了一个故事：父亲的羊越来越多，想拆旧羊圈扩大面积，可是没有多余的篱笆，怎么办呢.他叫来了儿子,儿子不慌不忙地说：“爸，我有方法。“你看，旧羊圈长70米，宽30米，面积2100平方米。如果改成50米见方的新羊圈，不用添篱笆，羊圈面积就有2500平方米。诸如此类的还有：“贴近生活式开场白；“设疑式开场白；“名言式开场白；“趣味式开场白；“实例式开场白；“比喻式开场白等等。向学生提出恰当的问题，激发起学生的兴趣，提高他们学习的积极性。