高考英语语法复习精品学案-名词41756.pdf

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1、 第 1 页 共 7 页 高考英语二轮语法复习学案（名词）（一）考纲要求 名词应掌握以下内容：分清名词的可数性与不可数性；可数名词有单复数，有些名词只有复数；物质名词、抽象名词不可数但可以具体量化使用；名词所有格和 of 格的语言现象；名词直接作定语；国家名词的正确使用；名词词义的区分和搭配；单位名词的搭配；名词前的修饰语 so,as,quite 等；time 及常考点。（二）命题导向 名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用，之后不能加-s。有些抽象名词却有复数形式，但意义与原来词不同。有些可数名词复数有两个意思，一个与单数意义相同，另一个和单数含义不同

2、，高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。（三）知识概要 英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称，它的第一个字母必须大写。如：Einstain,Beijing,Asia 等。普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称，可分为：个体名词（可数，如：worker,father,book,tree,school 等）；集体名词（可数，如：people,family,class,team 等）；物质名词（不可数，如：iron,paper,snow,water,chalk,gold 等）；抽象名

3、词（不可数，如：life,thought,idea,strength 等）。注意：可数、不可数是英文名词和中文名词的一个重要差异即学习的重点。而很多英语名词具有双重性。即，名词的类别不是固定不变的，它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换，其名词类别的转换可归纳如下：1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词 e.g.Our school is not far from my home.（个体）我们学校离我家不远。School is over at six.（抽象）六点钟放学。2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词 e.g.He broke a piece of glass.（物质）他打

4、破了一块玻璃。He broke a glass.（个体）他打破了一个杯子。3、个体名词转专有名词 e.g.His father is a teacher.（个体）他父亲是个教师。“What are you doing there?”Father asked.（专有）“你在那儿干什么？”父亲问道。（四）名词的数 名词分为 可数（有单、复数形式）和不可数名词（只有单数形式）。1、可数名词单数变复数：一般加 s：lesson lessons,pen pens 以 s,x,ss,ch,sh,o 结尾的加 es ：buses,boxes,classes,watches,brushes,hero hero

5、es 但有些以 o 结尾的名词，是加 s 构成复数：kilo kilos,piano pianos,radio radios,photo photos,zoo zoos 以辅音字母+y 结尾的改 y 为 i，再加 es：city cities,story stories 以 f 或 fe 结尾的，一般将 f 或 fe 改为 v，再加 es：knife knives,leaf leaves 但有些以 f 结尾的名词，是在 f 后加 s，构成复数形式：belief beliefs,roof roofs,safe（保险箱）safes,proof（证据）proofs,chief chiefs,hand

6、kerchief handkerchiefs 2、有些名词，不按上述规则构成其复数形式，有以下几种情况：单复数形式相同：Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep 第 2 页 共 7 页 不规则变化：man men,woman women,goose geese,foot feet,tooth teeth,child children,mouse mice,ox oxen。但是，German Ger mans 复 合 名 词 的 复 数 形 式：editor-in-chief editors-in-chief,daughter-in-law daughters-in-law,gro

7、wn-up grown-ups,woman teacher women teachers,man driver men drivers 3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题 物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如：fishes各种鱼，fruits 各种水果，steels 各种钢材。物质名词表示数量时，一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如：a cup of tea,three bags of apples,four pieces of bread。有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。如：work（工作）works（著作），arm（手臂）arms（军火），glass（玻璃）

8、glasses（眼镜），cloth（布）clothes（衣服）。定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式，表示全家人或夫妇二人；姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词，则表示若干个姓的人。如：the Wangs 王家，three Wangs 三个姓王的。只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如：physics,mathematics,news,the United States 有些名词形似单数，但实为复数。如：police,people,cattle 有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。如：class,family,couple,audience,government,public 有些抽象

9、名词在具体化时，可以复数形式出现。表示特指时，可和定冠词连用；表示“某种”或“一次”意义时，可和不定冠词连用。如：How did you smooth away the difficulties?（指各种具体困难）；It is a great pleasure to talk with you.；What a surprise!（五）名词的所有格 名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“”或“s”。如：Toms bike,Engless(Engles)works,a works school,Womens Day,the editor-in-chiefs

10、 office 2、如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“s”。如：Tom and Mike s room.（共有），Tom s and Mike s books.（不共有）。3、表示时间、距离、国家、城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加“s”或“”表示所有格，如：todays papers,ten minutes walk 4、表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格之后省去 shop,house,home。如：the tailors 5、无生命名词的所在格通常用 of 短语来表示。如：the window of the room 6、表示有

11、生命的名词有时也可用 of 短语来表示所有关系，而且当该名词带有较长的定语时。如：the teachers of the No.1 Middle School.7、双重所有格结构前的被修饰名词通常指整体中的部分或一个，双重所有格只能用于有生命的名词，这个名词是确定的。被修饰名词前有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词等限定词时，一般只能用双重所有格。如：an old friend of my uncle s,a daughter of Mrs Greens,the house of one of my friends（六）名词的普通格作定语 表材料、地点、用途、性质、泛指时间、整体等普

12、通名词可以作定语，一般用单数形式。e.g.stone figures（石像）；paper money（纸币）；country music（乡村音乐）；table cloth（桌布）；river bank（河岸）；school gate（校门口）；book stores（书店）；traffic lights（交通灯）；summer holidays（暑假）；evening dress（晚礼服）。第 3 页 共 7 页 但在个别情况下，也有需用复数的。e.g.sports meet（运动会）；the United States government（美国政府）；students reading-r

13、oom（学生阅览室）；goods train（货车）；two men doctors（两个男医生）。练习、名词 1.The _ of the room were covered with _.A.roofs,leafs B.roofs,leaves C.rooves,leafs D.rooves,leaves 2.There are three _ in our factory.A.woman doctors B.women doctors C.woman doctor D.women doctor 3.Which do you prefer _ or _?A.potatos,tomatos

14、B.potatos,tomatoes C.potatoes,tomatos D.potatoes,tomatoes 4.They are _ of different presses(出版社).Now they are having a meeting in one of the _ office.A.editor-in-chiefs,editors-in-chiefs B.editors-in-chief,editor-in-chiefs C.editors-in-chiefs,editors-in-chiefs D.editors-in-chief,editors-in-chiefs 5.

15、The ant has two _.A.stomaches B.stomacks C.stomach D.stomachs 6.He doesnt like _ for supper.A.chick B.chicken C.chickens D.chicks 7.It was _ hot weather that many of us went swimming.A.so B.such C.so as D.such a 8._ wonder ful space they saw on the room!A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 9.We know _ trav

16、els not so fast as light.A.sound B.sounds C.the sounds D.a sound 10.My family raise a lot of _,including two _.A.cattle,cows B.cows,cattle C.cattles,cows D.cow,cattles 11.A number of soldiers _ at he camp gate（军营门口）.A.have gathered B.has gathered C.is D.was 12.The Browns have spent a large _ of mone

17、y on their new car.A.deal B.amount C.number D.size 13._ work has been done to improve the peoples living standard.A.Many B.A great many C.A great deal of D.A number of 14.Mr Li shook _ warmly with a friend.A.hand B.a hand C.hands D.the hands 15.Two _,please.A.coffee B.coffees C.cup of coffee D.cups

18、coffee 16.I cant pay as _ as he asked for.A.high price a B.high price C.a high price D.high a price 17._ knowledge of space develops rapidly.A.Mans B.Mens C.Mens D.Persons 18.I stayed at _.A.Xiao Wangs B.Wangs home C.the Wangs D.home of Wang 第 4 页 共 7 页 19.Sister Carrie works in a _ factory.A.shoes

19、B.shoses C.shoe D.shoes 20.Have you ever read _?A.today newspaper B.newspaper today C.newspaper of today D.todays newspaper 21.Two _ walk didnt made me tired.A.hour B.hours C.hours D.hours 22.The mother over there is _ mother.A.Julia and Mary B.Julia and Marys C.Julias and Marys D.Julias and Mary 23

20、.Li Mings handwriting is better than _ in the class.A.anyones B.anyone else C.anyones elses D.anyone elses 24.The children are playing _ on the _.A.s and,sand B.sands,sands C.sand,sands D.sands,sand 25.If these trousers are too big,buy a smaller _.A.set B.one C.copy D.pair 26.Tom usually takes a _ i

21、n bus on rainy days.A.walk B.ride C.trip D.travel 27.We have no _ about where she has gone.A.information B.news C.message D.flash 28.Food and _ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.A.cloth B.clothe C.clothes D.clothing 29.My _ of hearing is not so good as it used to be.A.strength B.sense C.power

22、D.skill 30.The _ caused by carelessness _ yesterday.Many workers were killed.A.incident,was h appened B.matter,happened C.event,was taken place D.accident,took place 31.The room was so quiet that she could hear the _ of her heart.A.beating B.ways C.knocking D.striking 32._ has been told not to throw

23、 waste things anywhere.A.The public B.People C.Women D.Man 33.He was an _ in the government _.A.office,official B.official,office C.officer,office D.official,officer 34.There are several _ in this novel who are different in _.A.character,character B.characters,characters C.character,characters D.cha

24、racters,character 35.We visited him _ when he was in hospital.A.every other days B.each other day C.every other day D.every two day 36.My friend will return in _.A.one day or two B.a day or two C.one day or two D.a or two days 37._ is always difficult for me.A.Translation B.Translate C.The translati

25、on D.A translation 38._ of this novel is excellent,quite to my surprise.A.Translation B.Translate C.The translation D.A translation 39.The police _ looking into the matter now.A.be B.is C.are D.are going to 第 5 页 共 7 页 40.The Chinese are _ brave and hard working people.A.the B.a C./D.one 41.No news

26、_ good news.A.is B.are C.have D.has 42.Maths still _ very difficult for me,though I have done my best.A.looks B.seems C.is D.are 43.“Where _ my trousers?”the boy asked.A.is B.was C.were D.are 44.How happy they are!Obviously,they are _.A.in nice spirits B.in nice spirit C.in high spirits D.in high sp

27、irit 45.I saw many _ seated in the corner reading something.A.Japanese B.Japaneses C.of Japanese D.of Japaneses 46.Father went to his doctor for _ about his heart trouble.A.an advice B.advice C.a dvices D.the advices 47.We are _ and they are _.A.Englishmen,Germans B.Englishmen,German C.Englishmans,G

28、ermans D.Englishmen,Germen 48._ are made of _.A.A glass,a glass B.Glasses,glass C.The glass,the glass D.Glasses,glasses 49.Ill have to buy _ trousers.A.a B.two C.a pair of D.a couple of 50.There are two _ in our class.A.Liu B.Lius C.Lius D.Lius 51._ is needed in cold countries.A.A lot of clothes B.M

29、uch clothing C.Many a cloth D.Lots of clothes 52.They are _.A.mathematics student B.mathematic students C.students in mathematics D.mathematics students 53.The laboratory assistant recorded the _ reactions（反应）.A.mouses B.mice C.mices D.mices 54.This letter was sent by _.A.my father friend B.my fathe

30、r friends C.a friend of my fathers D.a friend of my father 55.Ten years had passed.I found she had _.A.a little white hair B.some white hair C.a few white hair D.a few white hairs 56.I have made _ with Billy.A.friends B.friend C.a friend D.the friend 57.The population of Beijing is _ than that of Xi

31、an.A.more B.larger C.fewer D.small 58.There are thirty-two _ in our school.A.woman teacher B.women teacher C.women teachers D.woman teachers 59.He had tried everything but it made little_.A.use B.good C.difference D.result 60.You must get there within half an hour.There should be no_ in sending the

32、blood to the dying man.A.wait B.delay C.time D.hurry 61.Enough of it!Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any_.A.excuse B.sense C.use D.value 62.-How dare you play on such thin ice?-Playing on ice is not my _of spare time.第 6 页 共 7 页 A.idea B.thought C.mind D.intention 63.Helen said sh

33、e would like to go to Atlanta by air,but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the_.A.travel B.tourism C.journey D.course 64.One splendid mountain_ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.A.view B.glance C.screen D.scene 65.The new law will come into _on the day it is p

34、assed.(1999 上海)A.effect B.use C.service D.existence 66.When you play football,what _do you play?A.situation B.place C.part D.position 67.Its impo rtant for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the_in language studies.A.situation B.expression C.condition D.translation 68.I wrote him a letter

35、t o show my _of his thoughtfulness.A.achievement B.agreement C.view D.appreciation 69.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good_.A.sight B.scene C.view D.look 70.Nowadays natural gas,wind and other forms of _are widely used in the country.A.energy B.f

36、orce C.power D.materials 71._with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.A.Contrast B.Competition C.Contact D.Combination 72.We all know that_speak louder than words.A.movements B.performances C.operations D.actions 73.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into

37、_.(NMET1997 38)A.fact B.reality C.practice D.deed 74.Weve missed the last bus.Im afraid we have no _but to take a taxi.(Met 1993,33)A.way B.choice C.possibility D.selection 75.He dropped the _and broke it.(Met 1993,38)A.cup of coffee B.coffees cup C.cup for coffee D.coffee cup 76.Heres my card.Lets

38、keep in _.(NMET1994,33)A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship 77.He gained his _by printing _of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)A.wealth;work B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works 78.Ill look into the matter as soon as possible,just have a little _.(MET 1996,10)A.wait B.time C.patience D.r

39、est 79.If by any chance someone comes to see me,ask them to leave a _.(NMET1997,18)A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice 80.These football players had no strict _until they joined our club.(1997.上海 20)A.practice B.education C.exercise D.training 81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural

40、 gas,wind and other forms of _.(1996.上海.15)A.energy B.source C.power D.material 82.Youll find this ma p of great _in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)第 7 页 共 7 页 A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness 83.We all know that _speak louder than words.(1999.上海 24)A.movements B.performances C.ope

41、rations D.actions 84.My parents always let me have my own _of living.(1999.上海 25)A.way B.method C.manner D.fashion 名 词 15 BBDDD 610 BBCAA 1115 ABCCB 1620 DAACD 2125 DBDCD 2630 BADBD 3135 AABDC 3640 BACCB 4145 ABDCA 4650 BABCB 5155 BDDCD 5660 ABCCB 6165 BACAA 6670 DADCA 7175 CDCBD 7680 ADCAD 8184 ACDA