高中虚拟语气讲解(教师版)44042.pdf

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1、 1 高中虚拟语气讲解及练习（教师版）虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 1.表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中 bewere）主句用：would(should,could,might)+动词原形。If we had time now,we would read it again.If I were you,I would work hard.2.表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should,could,might)+have+过去分词。If he had tak

2、en my advice,he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then,I would have called you.3.表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时 should+动词原形 were to+动词原形；主句：would(should,could,might)+动词原形。If it should rain,the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out

3、.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice,you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you,I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)(2)省略 if 的虚拟语气 如果从句中含有 were/should/had 时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略 if.采用倒装语序。If it should hap

4、pen,what would you do?Should it happen,what would you do?If he had recognized me,he would have come over.Had he recognized me,he would have come over.(3)含蓄虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以 if 引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without,with,but for(要是没有),otherwise,or,but 等。Without your help(=If we had not ha

5、d your help),2 we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity,there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday,or/otherwise he would have attended the party.(4)在 if it were(had been)not for.句型中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气也常用于if it were/(had been)not for.句型中，意为要不是由于。If it w

6、ere not for peace,we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your timely help,I would have gone bankrupt.二虚拟语气用在名词性从句中 1.主语从句中的虚拟语气 这种虚拟语气主要用在 it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should 可以省略）这种结构中。常见的这类形容词有：advisable,anxious,better,desirable,surprising,natural,necessary,stra

7、nge,important,regretful.常见的这类过去分词有：decided,demanded,recommended,requested,desired,required,ordered,suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty,pity,no surprise,no wonder,regret,shame.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange(surprising,disappointing)that she(should)not have been invited.It

8、is a pity that he(should)refuse to accept the offer.2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿就好了），其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish 后接一般过去时的从句 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish 后接过去完成时/should，could have done 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish 后接 would，could+动词原形 I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished

9、she had stayed at home.在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest,advise,propose,demand,require,insist（要求）,order,prefer,command,ask,request.The teacher ordered that all the books(should)be handed in on time.P.S.当 suggest 表示暗示，说明之意；insist 表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。3 The man insisted that he

10、had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3.表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice,desire,request,demand,proposal,suggestion,preference,requirement,order.He gave orders that the guests(should)be hospital entertai

11、ned.His proposal is that we(should)get rid of the bad habits.三虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用 1.在 as if/as though 引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚拟语气。其形式如下：主语+as if/though+主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）主语+as if/though+主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）主语+as if/though+主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）He talks as if he knew all about it.She

12、speaks English well as if he had studied in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.2.在 it is(high)time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用 should+动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。It is time that we went home.P.S.此句型中，注意与It/This is the+序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。This is the first time that I have been

13、here.3.would rather 后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿）。Would rather+主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather+主语+过去完成时（表示与过去相反）Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt done it.4.if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与 wish 的用法一致。5.动词 hope,intend,mean,plan,want,think 等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为本想，本打算，本认为 He had meant to buy the furniture

14、last week,but it rained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）四、简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中（即两个人面对面讲话，用的不是现在时态而是过去式）。如：.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。4 二、表祝愿。1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿、但

15、愿，此时 may 须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！、May you be happy!祝你快乐！、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！、May you have a good time.祝愿你玩的痛快。、May the friendship between us last long.祝愿我们的友情天长地久。、May you be happy.(注意那个 be)祝你幸福。2、用动词原形。例如：(1).Long live the people!人民万岁！(2).“God bless you,”said the p

16、riest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”(3).Have a good journey!祝愿你旅途愉快！三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”）(1).God save me(2).Heaven help us 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是 you)。2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work,be,go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词 do，加上 not。(1).Work!(2).Work harder!(3).Be more alert!

17、(虚拟语气动词 Be)(4).You go out!(5).Do not work so hard.(do not 表示否定的虚拟语气)(6).Dont be afraid.(口语中常用 dont 代替 do not)五、在一些习惯表达中。如：(1).Youd better set off now.你最好现在就出发。(2).Id rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。虚拟语气练习 一、将下列英文翻译成中文 1.I wish I knew the answer to the question.我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)2.I wish

18、it were spring in my hometown all the year around.5 但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)3.I wish I were a bird.但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)4.Now that he is in China,he wishes he understood Chinese.现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。5.I wish I hadnt wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)6.He wishes he hadnt lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)7.

19、I wish it would stop raining.我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)8.I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)9.You wished she would arrive the next day.你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)10.I wish she would change her mind.我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意)二、选择题 1.The boy acted _ he had never lived in Canada before.A.as though B.e

20、ven if C.as D.since 2._ to the doctor right away,he might have been alive.A.If he went B.Were he gone C.Should he have gone D.Had he gone 3.If you were older,I _ you to go there yesterday.A.will allow B.should allow C.would have allowed D.had allowed 4.The secretary suggested that they _ the men in

21、at once.A.had brought B.should have brought C.brought D.bring 5.I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night.A.was B.were C.had been D.should be 6.If we _ here ten minutes earlier,we _ the bus.A.arrived/would catch B.arrived/would have caught C.had arrived/had caught D.had arrived/would have

22、caught 7.If I _ more time,I would have gone with him.A.had B.had had C.have had D.would have 8.He was very busy yesterday,otherwise he _ to the meeting.A.would come B.came C.would have come D.had come 9.The Jade Emperor ordered that the Monkey King _ right away.A.would be arrested B.must be arrested

23、 C.be arrested D.had to be arrested 6 10.Janes uncle insisted _ in this hotel any longer.A.not staying B.not to stay C.that he not stay D.staying not 11.Dont touch the sleeping tiger.If he woke up,he _ you.A.would come to B.would come at C.would have come toward D.will come to 12.Without electricity

24、 human life _ quite different today.A.is B.will be C.would have been D.would be 13.How I wish I _ to repair the watch!I only made it worse.A.had tried B.hadnt tried C.have tried D.didnt try 14.He demanded that the laboratory report _ immediately after the experiment was done.A.was written B.be writt

25、en C.must be written D.would be written 15.The man insisted that he _ there.A.should send B.would be sent C.sent D.be sent 16.If he had not gone out in the storm _.A.he will be alive now B.he would be alive now C.he would have been alive now 17.If it _ tomorrow,what would we do?A.rains B.were to rai

26、n C.would rain D.rain 18.It is required that you _ at six.A.will arrive B.arrive C.arrived D.would arrive 19.If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do.A.had known B.would know C.should know D.knew 20.He spoke in a quiet,distinct voice,as though his thought _.A.was far away B.had be

27、en far away C.were far away D.went far away.21.If it _ rain,we _ get wet.A.is to,should B.were to,would C.were going to,would D.was going to,should 22.If he _ to the teacher attentively,he _ the answer to the problem now.A.had listened,would have known B.listened,would know C.listened,would have kno

28、wn D.had listened,would know 23.But for the party,he _ of hunger 30 years ago.A.would have died B.would die C.must have died D.must die 24._ today,he would get there for holiday.A.Was he leaving B.Were he to leave C.Would he leave D.If he leaves 25.I would have come earlier,but I _ that you were wai

29、ting for me.A.didnt know B.hadnt know C.would have known D.havent known 26.Its high time that we _ to school.A.would to B.went C.go D.will go 27.It seems as if it _ rain.7 A.will to B.is going to C.is to D.were going to 28.Id rather you _ right away.A.leave B.left C.will leave D.to leave 29.He is wo

30、rking hard for fear that he _.A.fails B.failed C.would fail D.fail 30.It is really strange that the girl _ so early.A.has been married B.has married C.be married D.would marry 31.Supposing I _ this gift,what would he say?A.accept B.accepted C.should accept D.would accept 32.The teacher agreed to the

31、 suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A.give B.should give C.be given D.would be given 33.I was busy yesterday,otherwise I _ your birthday party.A.attended B.had attended C.would attend D.would have attended 34.He insisted that he _ me before.A.see B.should see C.had seen

32、 D.saw 35.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years.A.were B.would be C.have been D.had been 36.We _ our lives had it not been for the policeman.A.would have lost B.should lose C.might lose D.could have lost 37.-I thought you would come back tomorrow.-I would if I _ to attend a meeting

33、.A.dont have B.didnt have C.will not have D.would not have 38.He wishes _ mistakes.A.he doesnt always make B.he isnt always making C.he didnt always make D.he wouldnt always making 39.It _ very nice if only it were possible.A.will be B.would be C.is D.were 40.Without your help,our team _ the last ma

34、tch.A.wont win B.will lose C.wouldnt have won D.cant win 41.I wish I _ what to do.A.knew B.have known C.know D.would know 42._,I would take an umbrella with me.A.Had I been you B.I were you C.Were I you D.I had been you 43.If I had hurried,I _ the train.A.would catch B.could catch C.would have caugh

35、t D.had caught 44.He insisted that John _ it.A.do B.does C.did D.would do 45.It is high time we _ off.8 A.are B.were C.be D.will be 46.He felt as if he _ more time to study for the test.A.needs B.were needed C.needed D.need 47.It is important that I _ with Mr.Williams immediately.A.speak B.spoke C.w

36、ill speak D.to speak 48.James wishes he _ the football game instead of the film.A.saw B.see C.had been seen D.had seen 49.I wish _.A.he left B.he leaves me alone C.he be left D.he would leave me alone 50.If I had known that,I _ so.A.wouldnt do B.wouldnt have done C.wont do D.have not done 51.The doc

37、tor suggested that she _.A.will not smoke B.not smoke C.would not smoke D.did not smoke 52.If I _ you,I wouldnt return the call.A.be B.am C.was D.were 53.You talk as if you _ there.A.were really B.has really been C.had really been D.would really be 54.He suggested that the work _ at once.A.would sta

38、rted B.would be started C.should started D.should be started 55.It is strange that such a thing _ in your school.A.will happen B.happens C.should happen D.happened 56.It is imperative that you _ on time.A.are B.will be C.be D.would be 57.I didnt go to the party,but I do wish I _ there.A.was B.were C

39、.had been D.went 58.It is time we _ up our results.A.sum B.summed C.will sum D.would sum 59.If the doctor had been available,the child _.A.would not die B.would not have died C.could not die D.could not have died 60.Dr.Bethune worked hard as if he _.A.never had felt tired B.had never felt tired C.ne

40、ver felt tired D.was tired never 答案：1.A 2.D 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.D 13.B 14.B 15.D 16.B 17.B 18.B 19.D 20.B 21.B 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.B 28.B 29.D 30.C 31.B 32.C 33.D 34.C 35.D 36.A 37.B 38.C 39.B 40.C 41.A 42.C 43.C 44.A 45.B 46.C 47.A 48.D 49.D 50.B 51.B 52.D 53.C 54.D 55.C 56.C 57.C 58.B 59.B 60.B