句子成分转换的译法.ppt
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1、句子成分转换的译法现在学习的是第1页,共30页5 5 句子成分转换的译法句子成分转换的译法 所谓句子成分转换的译法,是把句子的某一成分(如主语)译成另一成分,所谓句子成分转换的译法,是把句子的某一成分(如主语)译成另一成分,(如宾语等)。在多数情况下,词类转译必然导致句子成分的转译,例如:当英(如宾语等)。在多数情况下,词类转译必然导致句子成分的转译,例如:当英语的动词转译为汉语的名词或副词时,该动词的谓语成分也就相应地转译为汉语语的动词转译为汉语的名词或副词时,该动词的谓语成分也就相应地转译为汉语的主语、宾语或状语等。的主语、宾语或状语等。成分转换的目的是使译文通顺,符合汉语习惯。成分转换的
2、目的是使译文通顺,符合汉语习惯。例句:例句:It is because the bounding properties of one pair of electrons inIt is because the bounding properties of one pair of electrons in the double bond are not fully satisfied.the double bond are not fully satisfied.这是由于双键上的一对电子不具有充分饱和的键合性质。这是由于双键上的一对电子不具有充分饱和的键合性质。分句中主语:分句中主语:“the
3、bounding properties”the bounding properties”转译为宾语;转译为宾语;分句中定语:分句中定语:“one pair of electrons”one pair of electrons”转译为主语;转译为主语;分句中状语:分句中状语:“in the double bond”in the double bond”转译为定语;转译为定语;分句中表语:分句中表语:“are satisfied”are satisfied”转译为定语。转译为定语。现在学习的是第2页,共30页1 1 主语的转译主语的转译例句:例句:The following The followi
4、ng definitionsdefinitions apply to the terms used in this specification.apply to the terms used in this specification.本说明所用的一些术语本说明所用的一些术语定义定义如下。如下。(主语(主语谓语)谓语)Evaporation emphasis is placed on concentrating a solutions rather thanEvaporation emphasis is placed on concentrating a solutions rather th
5、an forming and building crystals.forming and building crystals.蒸发蒸发着重于着重于将溶液浓缩,而不是生成和析出晶体。将溶液浓缩,而不是生成和析出晶体。(主语(主语谓语)谓语)Organic compounds are not soluble in water because there is no Organic compounds are not soluble in water because there is no tendencytendency for for waterwater to separate their m
6、olecules into ions.to separate their molecules into ions.有机化合物不溶于水,因为有机化合物不溶于水,因为水水没有将它们的分子分离成离子的没有将它们的分子分离成离子的倾向倾向。(主语(主语宾语)宾语)MethaneMethane is less than half as heavy a water.is less than half as heavy a water.甲烷甲烷的密度不到水的一半。的密度不到水的一半。(主语(主语定语)定语)When a copper plate is put into the sulfuric acid e
7、lectrolyte,When a copper plate is put into the sulfuric acid electrolyte,very few ofvery few of its atoms dissolve.its atoms dissolve.当将铜极片置于硫酸电解液中时,当将铜极片置于硫酸电解液中时,几乎没有几乎没有铜铜 原子溶解。原子溶解。(主语(主语状语)状语)现在学习的是第3页,共30页2 2 谓语的转译谓语的转译例句例句:Thus,an acid and a base Thus,an acid and a base reactreact in a proton
8、 transfer reaction.in a proton transfer reaction.因此,酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的因此,酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应反应。(谓语(谓语主语)主语)The past few decades The past few decades have been characterizedhave been characterized by prodigious expansion by prodigious expansion of the organic-chemical industry.of the organic-chemical indust
9、ry.过去数十年的过去数十年的特征特征是有机化学工业得到了惊人的发展。是有机化学工业得到了惊人的发展。(谓语谓语主语)主语)The melting point of alkanes The melting point of alkanes are are rather irregular at first,but rather irregular at first,but tend to tend to rise rise somewhat steadily as the molecules become larger.somewhat steadily as the molecules be
10、come larger.烷烃的熔点起初很不规则,但随着分子的增大,则有些稳步上升的烷烃的熔点起初很不规则,但随着分子的增大,则有些稳步上升的趋势趋势。(谓语(谓语宾语)宾语)现在学习的是第4页,共30页3 3 宾语的转译宾语的转译例句:例句:TNT has TNT has high explosive power.(TNT=trinitrotoluene)high explosive power.(TNT=trinitrotoluene)TNT TNT 的的爆炸力爆炸力很大。很大。(宾语(宾语主语)主语)It is assumed that there is little if any lea
11、kage through It is assumed that there is little if any leakage through the condensersthe condensers.可以设想,可以设想,电容器电容器即使漏电,也是很少的。即使漏电,也是很少的。(宾语宾语主语)主语)Light makes Light makes visionvision possible.possible.有了光,才能有了光,才能看见看见东西。东西。(宾语宾语谓语)谓语)4 4 表语的转译表语的转译Matter is anything that occupies space.Matter is
12、anything that occupies space.凡占有空间的凡占有空间的都是物质。都是物质。(表语(表语主语)主语)In this sense structure analysis is In this sense structure analysis is common tocommon to most organic research.most organic research.从这个意义上讲,结构分析从这个意义上讲,结构分析普遍应用于普遍应用于大多数的有机研究。大多数的有机研究。(表语(表语谓语)谓语)现在学习的是第5页,共30页5 5 定语的转译定语的转译There are
13、two groups There are two groups of metalsof metals:pure metals and their alloys.:pure metals and their alloys.金属金属有两大类:纯金属及其合金。(定语有两大类:纯金属及其合金。(定语主语)主语)ManyMany factors enter into equipment reliability.factors enter into equipment reliability.涉及设备可靠性的因素涉及设备可靠性的因素很多很多。(定语。(定语谓语)谓语)Automatic machines
14、Automatic machines having many advantageshaving many advantages can only do the jobs they can only do the jobs they have been“told”to do.have been“told”to do.自动化机器自动化机器虽然有很多优点虽然有很多优点,但它们只能干人们,但它们只能干人们“吩咐吩咐”它它们要干的是事。们要干的是事。(定语(定语状语从句)状语从句)Benzene can undergo the typical substitution reactionsBenzene
15、can undergo the typical substitution reactions of of halogenation,nitration,sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reaction.halogenation,nitration,sulphonation and Friedel-Crafts reaction.苯可以进行典型的取代反应,苯可以进行典型的取代反应,如卤化,硝化,磺化和傅氏反如卤化,硝化,磺化和傅氏反应应。(定语(定语同位语)同位语)现在学习的是第6页,共30页6 6 状语的转译状语的转译例句:例句:When oxides of n
16、itrogen are absorbed When oxides of nitrogen are absorbed in water in water to give nitric acid,a to give nitric acid,a chemical reaction occurs.chemical reaction occurs.当当水水吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸时,就发生了化学反应。吸收氮氧化物形成硝酸时,就发生了化学反应。(状语(状语主语)主语)When a spring is tightly stretchedWhen a spring is tightly stretched,it
17、is ready to do work.,it is ready to do work.拉紧的弹簧拉紧的弹簧随时可以做功。随时可以做功。(状语从句(状语从句主语)主语)TNT is simple and relatively safe TNT is simple and relatively safe to manufactureto manufacture.制造制造TNTTNT简单而且比较安全。简单而且比较安全。(状语(状语谓语)谓语)In the simplest chemical cell the electrolyte is a solution of sulfuric In the
18、simplest chemical cell the electrolyte is a solution of sulfuric acid acid in waterin water.在最简单的化学电池内,电解液是硫酸的在最简单的化学电池内,电解液是硫酸的水水溶液。溶液。(状语状语定语)定语)The attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small.The attractive force between the molecules is negligibly small.分子间的吸引力小得可以分子间的吸引力小得可以忽略不计忽
19、略不计。(状语(状语补语)补语)现在学习的是第7页,共30页 8 What Are the Distinguishing Features of the Chemical Industry?化学工业的显著特点是什么?化学工业的显著特点是什么?现在学习的是第8页,共30页distinguishing 有区别的有区别的ammonia 氨氨 NH3 ammonia liquor 氨水氨水ammonium 铵铵 NH4+ammonium hydroxide 氢氧化铵氢氧化铵 NH4OH ammonium chloride 氯化铵氯化铵 NH4Cl ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵硫酸铵(NH4
20、)2SO4 ammonium nitrate 硝酸铵硝酸铵 NH4NO3anesthetic 麻醉剂,麻醉的麻醉剂,麻醉的laughing gas笑气笑气=nitrous oxide 氧化亚氮氧化亚氮 N2O现在学习的是第9页,共30页radical 数学数学 根根 e.g.3 and-3 are radicals of 9.化学化学 基,基团,原子团基,基团,原子团 e.g.aromatic radical 芳芳(族族)基基 hydroxide radical 羟基羟基,氢氧根,氢氧根 语言语言 词根词根 adj 基本的基本的,根本的根本的;重要的重要的,主要的主要的;固有的固有的 完全的完
21、全的,彻底的彻底的 激进的激进的,极端的极端的,过激的过激的 Keep.abreast of.保持与保持与.并列并列现在学习的是第10页,共30页 In the case of ammonium nitrate,natural components of the atmosphere(nitrogen,oxygen)and the earth(coal,natural gas,water)are converted into a substance which can be used as a fertilizer,an explosive,and as a reactant in prepa
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