英语句子成分 (2)课件.ppt

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1、关于英语句子成分(2)现在学习的是第1页，共50页一、句子成分一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。现在学习的是第2页，共50页二）主语：二）主语：主语(Subiect)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：现在学习的是第3页，共50页Duringthe1990s,Am

2、ericancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）现在学习的是第4页，共50页WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.Itis

3、necessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）现在学习的是第5页，共50页（三）谓语（三）谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.Theplanetookoffattenoclock.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadc

4、old.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：Wearestudents.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。现在学习的是第6页，共50页（四）表语（四）表语表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：现在学习的是第7页，共50页OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.（名词）Isityours?（代词）Theweatherhasturnedcold.（形容词）

5、Thespeechisexciting.（分词）Threetimessevenistwenty one?（数词）现在学习的是第8页，共50页Hisjobisto teach English.（不定式）Hishobbyisplaying football.（动名词）Themeetingisof great importance.（介词短语）Timeisup.Theclassisover.（副词）Thetruthisthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句）现在学习的是第9页，共50页注意：系动词（Linkingverb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和

6、身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：Heisateacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：Healwayskept silentatmeeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：Heseems(tobe)verysad.4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.5）变化系动词变化系动词表

7、示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.6）终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turnout,表达证实，变成之意，例如：Therumorproved false.Hisplanturned outasuccess.现在学习的是第10页，共50页（五）宾语（五）宾语宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromc

8、omingtoschoolontime.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）现在学习的是第11页，共50页Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）现在学习的是第12页，共50页宾语种类宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Len

9、dme your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：HesentthenoveltoWilliamyesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：Sheboughtagiftforhermother.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhim their monitor.现在学习的是第13页，共50页下列动词只能接不定式做宾

10、语ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,except,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：Herefusedto lend me his bike.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：Johnhasadmittedbreaking the win

11、dow.下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如stop,mean,try,remember,forget,regret等。现在学习的是第14页，共50页（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语（ObjectComplement），才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等)+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：现在学习的是第15页，共50页HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.L

12、etthefreshairin.Youmustntforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（介词短语）（从句）现在学习的是第16页，共50页（七）定语（七）定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilinisa beautiful city.（形容词）Chinaisadevel

13、oping country;Americaisadevelopedcountry.（分词）Therearethirty womenteachersinourschool.（名词）His rapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.（代词）现在学习的是第17页，共50页Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.（动名词）Heisreadinganarticleabout how to learn Englis

14、h.（介词短语）Farmerswho saw usstaredatusasifwearewalkingskeletons.(定语从句)现在学习的是第18页，共50页（八）状语（八）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）现在学习的是第19页，共50

15、页Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.Waitaminute.Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）现在学习的是第20页，共50页状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainat six?Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecause of the rain.Ishallgothereif it doesnt rain.MrSmithliveson the third floor.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwith great care.（时间状

16、语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）现在学习的是第21页，共50页Shecameinwith a dictionary in her hand.In order to catch up with the others,Imustworkharder.Hewassotiredthat he fell asleep immediately.Sheworksveryhardthough she is old.Iamtallerthan he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）现在学习的是第22页，共50页同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词

17、做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：ThisisMr.Zhou,our headmaster.插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有tobehonest,Ithink(suppose,believe-)等，如：To be frank,Idontquiteagreewithyou.现在学习的是第23页，共50页练习练习指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Whatab

18、eautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.现在学习的是第24页，共50页6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoas

19、kmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.现在学习的是第25页，共50页14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedswe

20、et.现在学习的是第26页，共50页二、简单句、并列句和复合句二、简单句、并列句和复合句（一）句子种类两种分类法（一）句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种：、按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold;Shedidnthearofyoubefore.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,cantshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys;Donttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!现在学

21、习的是第27页，共50页2、按句子的结构可分三种：按句子的结构可分三种：1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.现在学习的是第28页，共50页2)并列句：由并列连词（and,but,or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;the

22、roadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.现在学习的是第29页，共50页（二）简单句的五种基本句型（二）简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.Wework.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及

23、物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。现在学习的是第30页，共50页（三）并列句的分类（三）并列句的分类1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonlybutalso,neithernor,then等连接。e.g.TheteachersnameisSmith,andthestudentsnameisJohn.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,eitheror,otherwise等。e.g.Hu

24、rryup,oryoullmissthetrain.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.现在学习的是第31页，共50页4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.现在学习的是第32

25、页，共50页练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isntthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.简单句复合句简单句简单句现在学习的是第33页，共50页5.Heisi

26、nClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isntit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句复合句并列句复合句简单句简单句现在学习的是第34页，共50页二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：Ihopeyouar

27、everywell（）.Imfine,buttired（）.RightnowitisthesummervacationandImhelpingmyDadonthefarm（）.Augustisthehottestmonthhere（）.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.（）Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors（）.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitis

28、coldertheygrowwheat（）.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm（）.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim（）.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest（）.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden（）.Itdoesntoftenraininthesummerhere（）.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden（）.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell（）

29、.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden（）.复合句简单句并列句简单句并列句简单句并列复合句简单句复合句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句现在学习的是第35页，共50页MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime（）.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy（）.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside（）.Itsgreat（）!Americanseatalotofmeattoomuchinmyopinion（）.Someofmyf

30、riendsdrinkbeer（）.Idont,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty（）.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates（）.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates（）.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime（）.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina（）?Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep（）.Pleasegi

31、vemybestregardstoyourparents（）.简单句复合句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句简单句现在学习的是第36页，共50页三、选择填空：1.Givemeonemoreminute_Illbeabletofinishit.A.andB.orC.ifD.so2.ItsthethirdtimethatJohnhasbeenlate,_?A.hasntheB.isntheC.isntitD.hasntit3._joyfulhewastomeethisbrotheragain!A.HowB.WhatC.WhataD.Whatan现在学习的是第37页，共50

32、页4.Letuspass,_?A.shantweB.shallweC.wontwe D.willyou5.Isupposehesserious,_?A.doIB.dontIC.isheD.isnthe6.Youhadbetternotsmokehere,_?A.willyouB.hadyouC.shallyouD.haveyou7.Trainashardasyoucan_youllwintheswimmingcompetition.A.thenB.but C.andD.or现在学习的是第38页，共50页8.Imsorrytohavetosaythis,_youforgottoturnoffth

33、elightswhenyoulefttheroomlastnight.A.andB.butC.soD.because9.Johnhasnotyetpassedthedrivingtest,and_.A.HenryhasnttooB.HenryalsohasnoteitherC.neitherHenryhasD.neitherhasHenry10.Therearemanysportsloversinhisoffice.Someloveclimbing,_othersenjoyswimming.A.orB.forC.whileD.so11.-Doyoufeellikegoingout_wouldy

34、ouratherhavedinnerathome?-Idliketogoout.A.orB.and C.butD.so现在学习的是第39页，共50页12.-“_isthetemperaturetoday?”-“Its38degrees.”A.WhichB.HowC.HowhotD.Howhigh13.-Youruncleisntanengineer,ishe?-_.A.Yes,heisntB.No,heisntC.No,heisD.Heis14._friendly_toeveryone!A.How,issheB.What,issheC.How,sheisD.What,sheis15.Maryw

35、enttobedearly,_shefeltverytired.A.orB.soC.for D.yet现在学习的是第40页，共50页16.Mother_adresswhenshecutherfinger.A.wasmakingB.makesC.ismakingD.made17.Helayinbed_readsomethingborrowedfromlibrary.A.butB.andC.orD.yet18.-IdreallylikesomelunchbutIhavesomuchworktodo.-_whatyouwantandIcangetitforyou.A.TellmeB.Ifyouwou

36、ldsaytomeC.YouwilltellmeD.Ifyoutellme19.Asheisstrong,_canliftonehundredpounds.A.yetheB.butheC.andD.he现在学习的是第41页，共50页20.-Ithoughtyouhadanumbrella.-Ihad,_Ivelostit.A.sinceB.butC.because D.so21._downtheradio-thebabysasleepinthenextroom.A.Turning B.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn22.-Idontlikechicken_fish.-Idontlik

37、echicken_Ilikefishverymuch.A.and,andB.and,butC.or,andD.or,but23.-Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?-Idliketo,_Imtoobusy.A.andB.so C.asD.but现在学习的是第42页，共50页24.Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee_shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise25.Shesetoutsoonafterdark_homeanhourlater.A.arrivingB.toar

38、riveC.havingarrivedD.andarrived26.“Cantyouread?”Marysaid_tothenotice.A.angrilypointingB.andpointangrilyC.angrilypointedD.andangrilypointed27.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,_,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.A.whomB.whereC.whichD.while现在学习的是第43页，共50页28._itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB

39、.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave29.-Alice,youfeedthebirdtoday,_?-ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didntyouD.dontyou30._himandthentrytocopywhathedoes.A.MindB.GlanceatC.StareatD.Watch现在学习的是第44页，共50页四、按要求完成下列句子：1.Hedarestotellthetruth.（改为否定句）2.Theyhavelivedhereformorethantenyears.（对画线部分提问）3.Therewillbea

40、sportsmeetattheendofthismonth,_?（完成反意疑问）wontthereHowlonghavetheylivedhere?Hedoesntdaretotellthetruth.或Hedarenottellthetruth.现在学习的是第45页，共50页4.Youmustbecarefulwithyourpronunciation.（改为祈使句）5.Theywentforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening.(改为一般疑问句)6.Itisaninterestingstory.（改为感叹句）Whataninterestingstory(itis

41、)!或Howinterestingthestoryis!Didtheygoforawalkaftersupperyesterdayevening?Becarefulwithyourpronunciation.现在学习的是第46页，共50页7.Thismagazinecomesout（出版）everyotherweek.（对画线部分提问）8.Theycouldhardlybelievehiswords,_?（完成反意疑问）couldtheyHowoftendoesthismagazinecomeout?现在学习的是第47页，共50页9.Themoonisshiningbrightly.（改为感叹句）10.OurEnglishteacherisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass.（对画线部分提问）10.WhoisalwaysencouragingustospeakEnglishinclass?9.Howbrightlythemoonisshining!现在学习的是第48页，共50页Bye-bye!现在学习的是第49页，共50页感谢大家观看现在学习的是第50页，共50页