英语词性分类及用法课件.ppt
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1、关于英语词性分类及用法现在学习的是第1页,共51页词性的分类词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分十个大类。不同词性的词在句子中的功用是不一样的,有一定的规律,所以,八十六的小朋友们,记住这些词性的用法,可以帮助我们更加容易的学懂一门外语English现在学习的是第2页,共51页现在学习的是第3页,共51页名词的概念名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词.专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China,the United States,等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。(普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词)普通名
2、词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun 2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family (以上两类属于可数名词)3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air 4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概 念,如:work (以上两类属于不可数名词)现在学习的是第4页,共51页名词复数的规则变化 现在学习的是第5页,共51页其它名词复数的规则变化 1)以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直 接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrys monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays2)以o 结尾
3、的名词,变复数时:a.加s,如:photo-photos piano-pianos radio-radios zoo-zoos;b.加es,如:potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a.加s,如:belief-beliefs roof-roofs safe-safes gulf-gulfs;b.去f,fe 加-ves,如:half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves wife-wives life-lives thief-thieves;现在学习的是第6页,共51页名词复数的不规则变化 1
4、)child-children foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice man-men woman-women2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Sw
5、iss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。4)以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。news 是不可数名词。现在学习的是第7页,共51页flowerflowers找规律找规律watchesfactory-factoriesleaf-leavesboxes现在学习的是第8页,共51页找规律找规律tomatoespotatoesheroes现在学习的是第9页,共51页不规则变化不规则变化child-childrenwoman-womendeersheepman-mengoose-geese现在学习的是第10页,共51页1.Sev
6、eral_aretalkingunderthetreeAndtheyare_.Awoman;childrenBwoman;childCwomen;children2.Howfarisyourschoolfromhere?NotveryfarItsabouttwentywalk.(2000杭州)杭州)AminutesBminutesCminutes3.Therearethreeinmyfamily.(2004长春)长春)A.peopleB.personC.child4.Moststudentscangotocollegeforfurtherinourcity.A.educationB.infor
7、mationC.science5.Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterlikeitverymuch.A.AnnandJaneB.AnnandJanesC.AnnsandJanesCCAAB现在学习的是第11页,共51页根据所给单词的正确形式填空:根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Differentpeoplemayhavedifferent_.(idea)2.Ioftengotoworkon.(foot)3.Iknowoneofthe.(boy)4.Mr.Browniswearingapairof.(glass)5.Pleasegivethemtheir.(photo)6.Ar
8、ethereanyinthebox?(watch)7.Therearetwelveinayear.(month)8.Wouldyoulikesome?(tomato)9.Lookatthoseintheboats!(people)10.Look!Thearesinging.(woman)11.September10thisDay.(teacher)12.Jimhassome.(knife)13.Howmucharethese?(vegetable)14.Myschoolistwenty_walkfromhere.(minute)15.Thegirlunderthetreeisafriendof
9、_.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucys现在学习的是第12页,共51页代词代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。互代词、疑问代词、关
10、系代词和不定代词八种。现在学习的是第13页,共51页一、人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化 现在学习的是第14页,共51页通常,主格作主语,宾格作宾语通常,当单数的主格作主语时,谓语动词用单数;复数的的主格作主语时,谓语动词用复数。Eg.He is my friend.Its me.They are from China.She lent me a book.I love it.Are you interested in them?现在学习的是第15页,共51页二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格。
11、物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表,现在学习的是第16页,共51页通常,形容词性物主代词相当形容词的用法,应该位于名词的前面;名词性物主代词相当于形容词性物主代词+名词,之后不接名词。Eg.I like his car.Our school is here and theirs is there.This is your picture.And that is mine.现在学习的是第17页,共51页三、指示代词表示那个、这个、这些、那些等指示概念的代词。Eg.That is a good idea.I love those book in blue.Thes
12、e people are my friends.现在学习的是第18页,共51页四、自身代词,也称为反身代词表示我自己、你自己、他自己、我们自己、你们自己和他们自己等的代词。现在学习的是第19页,共51页反身代词的用法1.用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末):The box itself is not so heavy.You said it yourself.2.用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语):Take good care of yourself.3.用作表语The poor boy was myself.现在学习的是第20页,共51页五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有
13、each other 和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别。We should love each other.Tom and Betty are friends,so they always help each other.Our students learn one another.现在学习的是第21页,共51页eg.I want something hot.Do you need some coffee?There is nothing good.All of you are students.六、六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不是指明代替任何特定名词的代
14、词叫做不定代词不定代词。常见的不定代词有常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含等,以及含有有some-,any-,every-,no-加上加上body,one,thing的合的合成代词,如成代词,如anybody,something,no one。这些不定代。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语表语和定语现在学习的是第22页,共51页七、疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句和
15、表语从句)What are you?Who is his coat?Whose bag is this?Which do you prefer?The blue one or the white one?Could you tell me what is his name?Mother asked which one I wanted.现在学习的是第23页,共51页八、关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导定语从句的关联词。它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等;另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词(通称为先行词)。He is
16、 the man whom you have been looking for.I hope I can find a job that I can devote myself to.This is the book whose covering is old.That is the same food as you want.现在学习的是第24页,共51页 1.He shouted louder to the runners,but he still couldnt make _ heard.A.him B.himself C.them D.themselves 2.There are fl
17、owers and trees on _ sides of the river.A.every B.both C.either D.all 3.She has three good friends.One is a doctor;_ are teachers of Chinese.A.another B.the other two C.other D.others 4.Before handing in your compositions,please correct the mistakes in each line if_.A.so B.no C.any D.some ExercisesB
18、BBC现在学习的是第25页,共51页1._(我)am a worker._(你)are a doctor._(她)is a teacher.2.This is_(他的)shirt.3.This is _(我的)pen.4._(他们的)trousers are there.5.I like this picture.Please give _(它)to_(我).6.People get _(他们的)money from_(我).7._(他们)are new students._(他们的)names are Lucy and Lily.8.These are _(我们的)shoes.Can _(我
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