高中英语句子成分分析 (2)精选PPT讲稿.ppt

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1、关于高中英语句子成分分析(2)第一页，讲稿共三十九页哦句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：宾语、定语、状语、补：宾语、定语、状语、补 语、表语、表语、同位语语、同位语第二页，讲稿共三十九页哦1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语状状语语第三页，讲稿共三十九页哦主语（主语（subject）说明的人或事物说明的人或事物 Jane is good a

2、t playing the piano.She went out in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.第四页，讲稿共三十九页哦Thesunrisesintheeast.（名词）（名词）Helikesdancing.（代词）（代词）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.（数词）（数词）Seeingisbelieving.（动名词

3、）（动名词）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）（不定式）Whatheneedsisabook.（从句）（从句）Itisveryclearthatthesunrisesintheeast.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）找出句中主语第五页，讲稿共三十九页哦谓语（谓语（predictate）说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作、状态和特征简单谓语简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成由动词或动词词组组成I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由情态动

4、词或助动词由情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.He has caught a bad cold.She doesnt seem to like dancing 第六页，讲稿共三十九页哦（三）（三）宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于动词和介表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于动词和介词后面。词后面。例如：例如：1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries d

5、o you have?I have five.（名词）（代词）（名词、数词）第七页，讲稿共三十九页哦4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）第八页，讲稿共三十九页哦 直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语 有些及物动词后面要跟有些及物动词后面要跟2个宾语个宾语,

6、分为直接宾语和间接宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语;直接宾语多为直接宾语多为物物物物,间接宾语多为间接宾语多为人人人人，表明动作是对谁做的。，表明动作是对谁做的。Webroughtthemsomefood.主主 谓谓 间宾间宾 直宾直宾 Heshowedmehowtorunthemachine.主主 谓谓 间宾间宾 直宾直宾若先说直接宾语若先说直接宾语(物物),),后说间接宾语后说间接宾语(人人),必须必须借助介词借助介词 toto或或for：Weboughtsomefoodforthem.Heshowedhowtorunthemachinetous.第九页，讲稿共三十九页哦 宾语补足语宾语补足语-

7、有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须还必须在在宾语后宾语后 加上宾语补足语加上宾语补足语,句意才完整。宾补补充说明宾语干什么句意才完整。宾补补充说明宾语干什么,或处于何种状态。或处于何种状态。名词名词名词名词,形容词形容词形容词形容词,副词副词副词副词,介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语,不定式不定式不定式不定式,现在分词现在分词现在分词现在分词和和过去分词过去分词过去分词过去分词 可充当宾补。可充当宾补。形容词形容词Leavethedooropen.副词副词WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.介词短语介词短语Makeyoursel

8、fathome.省略省略to的不定式的不定式Isawhimenterthehall.现在分词现在分词Thebosskeepsthemworkingingallday.过去分词过去分词Iheardmynamecalled.第十页，讲稿共三十九页哦（四）定语（四）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从从句句Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.Doyouknownbettyssister?Heboughtsomesleeping pills.Thereisasle

9、epingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(动名词动名词)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)第十一页，讲稿共三十九页哦第十二页，讲稿共三十九页哦Thegirlin red ishissister.Wehavealotofworkto do.Thegirlstanding under the treeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwho spoke just now?Thereisnothinginteresting inthisbook.第十三页，讲稿共三十

10、九页哦（五）状语（五）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分说明动作或状态特征的句子成分说明说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的让步、方向、程度、目的等。等。I will be back in a while.They are playing on the playground.He was late because he got up late.He got up so late that I missed the train.第十四页，讲稿共三十九页哦John often cam

11、e to chat with me As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.My father worked in this school ten years ago.Though he is young,he knows a lot.He came running.(程度程度 目的目的)（地点（地点 伴随）伴随）（地点（地点 时间）时间）（让步）（让步）（方式）（方式）(原因原因)第十五页，讲稿共三十九页哦I waited to see you.H

12、e often went to school by bus.His parents died,leaving him an orphan.Please call me if it is necessary.This book is very interesting.He went to school in spite of his illness.He always comes late to school.第十六页，讲稿共三十九页哦（六）（六）宾语补足语宾语补足语有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份

13、和状态说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有这类常用的及物动词有 make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.第十七页，讲稿共三十九页哦She asked me to lend her a hand.Please make yourself at home.Please keep the dog

14、 out.We must keep it a secret.第十八页，讲稿共三十九页哦主动语态变成被动语态后主动语态变成被动语态后,宾语补足语变宾语补足语变成主补成主补.Ilastsawhimplayingneartheriver.Hewaslastseenplaying near the river.TheteachercaughtthestudentcheatingintheexamThestudentwascaughtcheating in the examWemadehimmonitor.Hewasmademonitor.Hepushedthedooropen.Thedoorwaspu

15、shedopen.第十九页，讲稿共三十九页哦（七）表语（七）表语 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become,get,grow,come,go etc.系动词不用于被动语态系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.第二十页，讲稿共三十九页哦1.Thewarwasover.2.Theyseemto know the truth.3.Time

16、is precious.4.Imnotquite myselftoday.5.Whowasthe first?6.Heisout of condition.7.Thebookiswhat I need.第二十一页，讲稿共三十九页哦（八）同位语（八）同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.名词名词Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.代词代词Heistheoldestamongthemfour.数词数词Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwont

17、hegame.从从句句HetoldmethenewsthatIaminterestedin.从句从句第二十二页，讲稿共三十九页哦Exercises:分析句子结构分析句子结构You are a student.He felt happy today.What you said made me happy.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?After he finished his homework,he went away.He likes pop music.第二十三页，讲稿共三十九页哦(一一)挑出下列句中的挑

18、出下列句中的宾语宾语Mybrotherhasntdonehishomework.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?Theoldmansittingatthegatesaidhewasill.第二十四页，讲稿共三十九页哦(二二)挑出下列句中的表挑出下列句中的表语语-Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.-Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.-S

19、oonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.第二十五页，讲稿共三十九页哦(三三)挑出下列句中的定挑出下列句中的定语语1.Whatisyourgivenname?2.Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.3.Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.4.Iamwaitingforthesoundoftheothershoe!第二十六页，讲稿共三十九页哦(四四)挑出下列句中的挑出下列句中的宾语补宾语补足足语语Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksin

20、thereading-room.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.Shefounditdifficulttodothework.TheycallmeLilysometimes.IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.第二十七页，讲稿共三十九页哦(五五)挑出下列句中的状挑出下列句中的状语语Therewasabigsmileonherface.Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.Themanonthemotorbikewastravelingtoofas

21、t.第二十八页，讲稿共三十九页哦Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.Shelovesthelibrarybecauseshelovesbooks.Iamafraidthatifyouvelostit,youmustpayforit.ThestudentsfollowedUncleWangtoseetheothermachine.第二十九页，讲稿共三十九页哦一、一、主语主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enou

22、gh.()4.Seeing is believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式主语，作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句是真正的主语第三十页，讲稿共三十九页哦当当不定式、动

23、名词或从句不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用常用it作形式主语作形式主语置于置于句首句首，而将真正的主语放在句，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。什么情况下用什么情况下用it作形式主语？作形式主语？第三十一页，讲稿共三十九页哦 你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻译下列你懂得翻译下列句子吗？句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no

24、use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.()说谎是错误的。说谎是错误的。争吵是没用的。争吵是没用的。谁要来还不确定。谁要来还不确定。第三十二页，讲稿共三十九页哦二、二、宾语宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not

25、know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care of them.()名词名词代词代词数词数词动名词动名词不定式不定式疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式从句从句It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语第三十三页，讲稿共三十九页哦二、二、表语表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：表语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.He is a teacher.()2.My idea is this.()3.She was the first to arrive

26、.()4.I feel much better today./I must be off now.()5.He is out of danger.()6.The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()7.What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.()名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句形容词形容词/副词副词介词短语介词短语分词分词第三十四页，讲稿共三十九页哦三、三、定语定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：定语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.Its a red car.(

27、)2.They live in the room above.()3.My brother is a teacher.()4.We belong to the third world.()5.Lucys father is a poor worker.()6.Mother made a birthday cake for me.()7.The man under the tree is my teacher.()8.The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.()形容词形容词副词副词代词

28、代词数词数词名词所有格名词所有格名词名词介词短语介词短语现在分词现在分词第三十五页，讲稿共三十九页哦三、三、定语定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：定语可以用下面这些东西表示：9.I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a good time at home.()10.There are two things to be discussed today.（）11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（）12.This is the very book that I need

29、.（）过去分词过去分词不定式不定式动名词动名词从句从句第三十六页，讲稿共三十九页哦四、四、四、四、状语状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：状语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.He is often late for class.()2.We saw that picture at the cinema.()3.He sat there smoking.()4.They returned tired and hungry.（）5.They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）6.Although he is young,he knows

30、a lot.()7.The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()副词，程度副词，程度介词短语，地点介词短语，地点分词，伴随分词，伴随不定式，目的不定式，目的形容词，状态形容词，状态让步状语从句让步状语从句结果状语从句结果状语从句第三十七页，讲稿共三十九页哦四、状语状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：状语可以用下面这些东西表示：9.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（）10.He was angry because we were late(）11.If it rains tomorrow,we wont go out.()时间状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句条件状语从句条件状语从句第三十八页，讲稿共三十九页哦感谢大家观看第三十九页，讲稿共三十九页哦