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1、词类转换的译法第1页,此课件共27页哦v翻译好英文文章的关键是找到汉、英两种语言表达方式的异同,再根据各自语言规范进行翻译。v英语:富于词形变化,词序比较灵活。v汉语:缺乏词形变化,词序不灵活。第2页,此课件共27页哦v因此,大胆摆脱原文表层结构的束缚,根据汉语习惯,正确表达原文。v转换译法是可取的、极为常用的翻译方法。v转换译法包括:词类的转换、句子成分的转换、词序的转换、主被动语态的转换、从句间的转换等。v词类转换就是翻译时改变原文中某些词的词性,以符合汉语的表达习惯。第3页,此课件共27页哦4.1 名词的转译 4.1.1 转译为汉语的动词(n.v.)1.具有动作意味的词,常常转译为汉语的
2、动词。vTotal determination of molecular structure is possible by means of X-ray diffraction.用x射线衍射的方法可以全面确定分子结构。(省译、转译、增译)vSuch operations require the transfer of a substance from the gas stream to the liquid.这样的一些操作要求物质由气流传递到液体中去。第4页,此课件共27页哦2.英语中,某些由动词+er/or构成的名词,如teacher,writer,driver等,当它并不真正表示某人的职业
3、时,可把该名词转译为汉语的动词。vHe was a good calculator,so we considered the answer correct.他计算很好,因此,我们认为这个答案是正确的。vI suggested the supports should be located every five meters.He was my good supporters.我建议每隔五米设一个支架,他很支持我的建议。第5页,此课件共27页哦3.英语中有不少习惯用语的动词,如give a picture of,make use of,have a look,take care of等,它们的中心
4、词是名词,可转译为动词。vThese data have been made use of in production.在生产中已利用了这些资料。vBut even this illustration does not give a picture of the importance of friction.但是,甚至这些例子并未描绘出摩擦的重要性。第6页,此课件共27页哦4.由动词派生的名词,有时可转译为动词。vLaser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years,because of its applicabil
5、ity to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.激光是近年来轰动一时的科技成就之一,因为它可用于各种科学领域,也适合各种实际用途。4.由动词派生的名词,有时可转译为动词。vLaser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years,because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.激光是近年来轰动一
6、时的科技成就之一,因为它可用于各种科学领域,也适合各种实际用途。4.由动词派生的名词,有时可转译为动词。vLaser is one of the most sensational developments in recent years,because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.激光是近年来轰动一时的科技成就之一,因为它可用于各种科学领域,也适合各种实际用途。4.由动词派生的名词,有时可转译为动词。vLaser is one of the most
7、sensational developments in recent years,because of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical uses.激光是近年来轰动一时的科技成就之一,因为它可用于各种科学领域,也适合各种实际用途。第7页,此课件共27页哦4.1.2 转译为汉语的形容词(n.adj.)1.在英语的表达方式中,常常用名词来表达某物的性质,在翻译的过程中,这样的名词一般被转换为汉语的形容词。vThe laws of thermodynamics are of pr
8、ime importance in the study of heat.热力学定律在研究热方面是很重要的。第8页,此课件共27页哦2.有时,把带有不定冠词的名词转换为汉语的形容词。vThe maiden voyage of the newly-built steamship was a success.那艘新造轮船的处女航是成功的。vHe is a stranger to the operation of the electronic computer.他对于电子计算机的操作是陌生的。第9页,此课件共27页哦3.有些由形容词派生出来的名词,在汉译时,可以转移为形容词。vHe found som
9、e difficulties to design a chemical plant without an electronic computer.他感到没有电子计算机要设计一座化工厂是很困难的。vThe complication of mathematical problems made him into difficulties.复杂的数学问题使他陷入了困境。第10页,此课件共27页哦4.1.3 转译为汉语的副词(n.adv.)vEfforts to apply computer techniques have been a success in improving pyrolysis te
10、chniques.使用计算机技术的努力已经成功地促进了热解技术的发展。vMost of the TV pictures are influenced by high building.电视图像大都受高层建筑干扰。第11页,此课件共27页哦4.2 动词的转译(v.n.)动词按词汇意义可分为两类:状态动词(state verb)和动作动词(action verb)。前者表示相对静止的状态,当其表示主语状态时,可译为名词。vAn acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction.酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。vMany chemical re
11、actions need heat to make them take place.许多化学反应的发生都需要热。第12页,此课件共27页哦4.2 动词的转译(v.n.)动词按词汇意义可分为两类:状态动词(state verb)和动作动词(action verb)。前者表示相对静止的状态,当其表示主语状态时,可译为名词。vAn acid and a base react in a proton transfer reaction.酸与碱的反应是一个质子转移的反应。vMany chemical reactions need heat to make them take place.许多化学反应的发
12、生都需要热。第13页,此课件共27页哦vThe fibre-optic communication features high speed,large capacity and high reliability.光纤通信的特点是速度快、容量大和可靠性高。vThis machine works efficiently.这台机器的工作效率很高。vThe output voltages of the control system varied in a wide range.这台控制系统的输出电压变化范围很宽。第14页,此课件共27页哦4.3 形容词的转译 4.3.1 转译为汉语的名词(adj.n.
13、)1.汉译时,可把用作表语或定语的形容词译为汉语的名词。vGenerally speaking,methane series are rather inert.总的说来,甲烷系烷烃的惰性很强。第15页,此课件共27页哦vZirconium is almost as strong as steel,but lighter.锆的强度几乎与钢的相等,但它比钢轻。vThis solar cell is only 7%efficient.这只太阳能电池的效率只有7%。vContamination leads to lower yield.污染导致成品率的降低。第16页,此课件共27页哦2.有些形容词加定
14、冠词“the”后表示一类人(或物),这类形容词可称为名词化的形容词。vElectrons move from the negative to the positive.电子由负极流向正极。vThey will do their best to build a school for the blind and the deaf.他们将尽最大努力为盲人和聋哑人建一所学校。vThe social scientist have a keen sense of the new and the old.社会科学家对新旧事物有敏锐的感觉。第17页,此课件共27页哦4.3.2 转译为汉语的动词(adj.v.)
15、1.有些形容词是由动词派生而来的,因此,汉译时,可转译为汉语的动词。vAs you know that also present in solid are numbers of free electrons.正如我们所知,固体中也存在着大量的自由电子。vFigure 5 shows the rising power consumption at increasing clock frequencies.图5表明,时钟频率增高时,功耗便升高。第18页,此课件共27页哦2.有些表示“感觉,欲望,愿望,心理,情感”等心理活动的形容词(短语),当它们分别和系动词构成谓语时,可转译为汉语的动词。这类词主
16、要有:sure,certain,afraid,aware,glad,sorry,confident,determined,delighted,ashamed,convinced,concerned,careful,thankful,grateful.vThey are quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.他们对实验中获得的数据非常满意。第19页,此课件共27页哦vScientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.科学家们深信,一切物质都是不灭的。vT
17、hey are sure that they will be able to build the factory in a short period of time.他们肯定能在短时期内建成那座工厂。vHe is quite familiar with the performance of this transmitter.他非常熟悉这台发报机的性能。第20页,此课件共27页哦3.其它(adj.v.)vThe continuous process can ordinarily be handled in the less spaces.连续过程通常能节省操作空间。vThere is a lar
18、ge amount of energy wasted owing to friction.由于摩擦而消耗了大量的能量。vThere was a large amount of output power wasted due to leakage.由于漏电而损耗了大量的输出功率。第21页,此课件共27页哦4.3.3 转译为汉语的副词(adj.adv.)1.当英语名词译为汉语的动词时,原来修饰该名词的形容词就相应的地转换为汉语的副词。vBelow 4,water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction.水在4以下不断
19、地膨胀,而不是不断地收缩。第22页,此课件共27页哦2.习语化的短语动词中心词为名词,当名词被转换为汉语的动词时,饰该中心词的形容词也就相应地地转换为汉语的副词。vIn assembling color TV sets,they made full use of home-made components.在装配彩色电视机时,他们充分利用了国产元件。vBut even this illustration does not give an adequate picture of the importance of friction.但是,甚至这个例子还没有充分地描绘出摩擦的重要性。第23页,此课件
20、共27页哦3.由于汉英两种语言在表达方式上的差异,汉译时,一些用于其他场合的形容词有时也可译为汉语的副词。vAt that time,Copernicus was in the clear minority.在那个时候,哥白尼的确是处于少数。vBefore the 19th century,most ways of making iron were very crude.在19世纪以前,炼铁方法大部分都是非常原始的。第24页,此课件共27页哦4.4 副词的转译 4.4.1 转译为汉语的形容词(adv.adj.)1.当英语的动词转换为汉语的名词时,原修饰该动词的副词往往转换为汉语的形容词。vTh
21、e communications system is chiefly characterized by its ease with which it can be maintained.这种通讯装置的主要特点是便于维修。第25页,此课件共27页哦2.把修饰形容词的副词转换为汉语的形容词。vThis film is uniformly thin.该膜薄而均匀。vSulphuric acid is one of extremely reactive agents.硫酸是强烈的反应试剂之一。第26页,此课件共27页哦3.英语中由少量副词,如here,there,around,on,home,up,off,about等,可用作定语,这类副词可转译为汉语的指示形容词作定语。vThe table above shows it.上面表格可说明这一点。vMany plants here are of modern construction.这许多工厂是现代建筑。第27页,此课件共27页哦
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