名词性从句PPT-英语精选PPT.ppt

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1、关于名词性从句PPT-英语第1页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences:1.The world loves nature.2.Knowledge is power.3.We Chinese are peace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectsubjectappositionpredicative第2页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日名词性从句名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His j

2、ob is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day.第3页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is Mr.White.第4页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词

3、从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun ClausesNoun Clauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在它在复合句中能担任复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位主语、宾语、表语、同位语语等等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句第5页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日What are noun clauses?What are noun clauses?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathe

4、saidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.Subject clauseObject clauseObject clause after a prepositionPredictive clauseAppositive clause第6页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日Practicetime：指出下

5、列各名词性从句的种类指出下列各名词性从句的种类1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.5.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.Object clauseObject clausePredica

6、tive clauseSubject clauseAppositive clause第7页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日名词性从句中的名词性从句中的连接词连接词有有:连词连词:that/whether/as if(though);连接代词连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever /whichever，连接副词连接副词:where/when/why/how /wherever/whenever。第8页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日引导词引导词句型转换1.They are good doctors.He told us.2.He hadnt

7、 said anything at the meeting.The fact surprised us.He told us that they were good doctors.The fact that he hadnt said anything at the meeting surprised us.总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成总结：当从句原来是陈述句时，变成名词性从句用名词性从句用that引导。引导。第9页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日3.Does your sister get up early?Do you know?4.Do animals have the same se

8、nses as humans?I often wonder.Do you know if/whether your sister gets up early?I often wonder if/whether animals have the same senses as humans.总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，总结：当从句原来是一般疑问句时，变成名词性从句用变成名词性从句用if或或whether引导。引导。第10页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日5.When did he buy this new bike?Could you tell me?6.My question is this:w

9、here will the lecture be given?Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?My question is where the lecture will be given.总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变总结：当从句原来是特殊疑问句时，变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。引导。第11页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。总结：名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看另外，一般情况下，名词性从句均看作单数概念。由作单数概念。由wha

10、t引导的一般看后面引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。持一致。1.What we need more time.2.What we need more English dictionaries.areis第12页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日Practice time.单句改错1.That the earth turns around the sun are known to all.2.When the meeting will be held havent been known yet.3.I didnt know that you w

11、ill come.4.He said that he is writing a story.5.Could you tell me when will he arrive?6.You can begin to see why does English have such strange rules._is_hasnt_would_was_hewill_Englishhas第13页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句第14页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语

12、谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）第15页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句+连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+简单句或其一部分简单句或其一部分第16页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）1.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是陈陈述述句句时时（包包括括肯肯定定句句和和否否定定句句），连连词词由由that引引导导，因因为为that在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何成成分分，也也没没有有任任何何具具体体意意思思

13、，因因此此在在口口语语或或非正式文体中常省略非正式文体中常省略vvSheShe sayssays(that)(that)sheshe wontwont taketake partpart inin thethe sportssports meetingnextSunday.meetingnextSunday.vvJimJim thoughtthought(that)(that)thethe traintrain waswas likelike a a bigbig movingmovingparty.party.第17页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日2.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词tha

14、t在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能省略：不能省略：（1）当）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个语时，第二个that不能省；不能省；（2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.第18页

15、，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日3.在在主主句句为为动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所跟跟的的省略省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句的从句也可算是宾语从句vImsorry(that)Idontknow.vWeresure(that)ourteamwillwin.vImafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.第19页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日4 4.当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是一一一一般般般般疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时，由由由由连连连连词词词词whetherwhet

16、her或或或或if if引引引引导导导导（口口口口语语语语中中中中常常常常用用用用if if），因因因因为为为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻翻翻译译译译成成成成：“是否是否是否是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略vLilywantedtoknowLilywantedtoknow if/whetherif/whether hergrandmahergrandmalikedthehandbag.likedthehandbag.vvLetsseeLetssee if/whetherif/whet

17、her wecanfindoutsomewecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.informationaboutthatcity.vvSheaskedmeSheaskedme if/whetherif/whether shecouldborrowshecouldborrowthesebooks.thesebooks.第20页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日whether与与if的辨用的辨用表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句主语从句b.表语从句表语从句c.同位语从句同位语从句d.介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句e.后接动词不定式后接动词

18、不定式(whether to do sth.)f.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不连在一起引导宾语从句时不用用if第21页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日Practicetimeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhe

19、ther第22页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日5.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是特特殊殊疑疑问问句句时时，由由连连接接代代词词（what,who,whom,whose）或或连连接接副副词词（when,where,how,why）引引导导，因因为为连连接接代代词词或或连连接接副副词词在在从从句句中中担担任任一一定定的的句句子子成成分分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略vDoyouknowDoyouknowwhatwhathesaidjustnow?hesaidjustnow?vvIdontrememberIdontrememberwhenwhenwearrived.wearr

20、ived.vvIaskedhimIaskedhimwherewhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Icouldgetsomuchmoney.vvPleasetellmePleasetellmewho(whom)who(whom)wehavetosee.wehavetosee.vvDoyouknowDoyouknowwhatwhattimetheplaneleaves?timetheplaneleaves?第23页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句vvCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowoftenho

21、woftenyougoabroadforayougoabroadforaholiday?holiday?vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowlonghowlongthemeetingwilllast?themeetingwilllast?vvIdontknowIdontknowhowfarhowfaritistothecinema.itistothecinema.vvPleasetellusPleasetellushowmanyhowmanystudentsthereareinyourstudentsthereareinyourschool?school?vvCan

22、youtellusCanyoutellushowoldhowoldhisbrotheris?hisbrotheris?vvPleasetellusPleasetellushowsoonhowsoonyouwillbeready.youwillbeready.vvCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowmuchhowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?itcoststoflytoHainan?第24页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日二、时态二、时态1.1.1.1.如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在时（包

23、括一般现在时（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过 去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）vvIknowheliveshere.Iknowheliveshere.vvIknowhelived

24、heretenyearsago.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.vvIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.第25页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日2.2.如如如如果果果果主主主主句句句句是是是是过过过过去去去去的的的的时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时），那那那那么么么么从从从从句句句句的的的的时时时时态态态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用相相相相对对对对应应应应的的的的过过过过去去去去的的的的某某

25、某某种种种种时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时，过过过过去去去去将将将将来来来来时时时时，过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）vvIknewwholivedhere.Iknewwholivedhere.vvIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.vvHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.tomor

26、row.vvHesaidthathehadseenit.Hesaidthathehadseenit.第26页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理 时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。vTheteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.第27页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日1.Theradiosaysit_cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything_well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_(play)basketballat

27、sixoclockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey_(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_membersofthePartysince1948.(be)will be goes were playing have returned had been 第28页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日6.Ididntknowwhattimehe_theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_awaythebookalready?(take)8.LingFengtoldmehe_totheGreatWallseveraltime

28、s.(be)wrote has taken had been 第29页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分第30页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.His brother asks whenwill he go to thelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idontknowwhathewantstobuy.Idontknowwhatd

29、oeshewanttobuy.第31页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日1could/would是是委委婉婉语语气气，而而不不是是过过去去式式，因因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。注意事项vvCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?tickets?vvCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?vvWouldyouliketoknowwhenh

30、ewillcomeback?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?第32页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日2.如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是ask时时，连连词词不不可可能能是是that；如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是say时时，连连词词用用thatvShesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.vHesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyouc

31、angettothebusstation.第33页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日3.否定的转移否定的转移:若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。Idontthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.(我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。)第34页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日4.it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think

32、,find,consider,believe,feel,make等后作为形式宾语等后作为形式宾语:it不不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语宾语而真正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.第35页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日Predicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句第36页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词

33、之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系系动词动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系。可以接表语从句的系动词有动词有be,look,remain,seem等。另外等。另外,常用的还有常用的还有thereasonwhyisthat和和Itisbecause等结构。例如：等结构。例如：第37页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日.表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后系动词之后.作用作用:对主语进行解释说明。对主语进行解释说明。连接词：连接词：that/whether/as if/as though（if 不不 引引导导 表语

34、从句表语从句)连接代词：连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what 连接副词：连接副词：when/where/why/how/because The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.第38页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用“whether”

35、不不能用能用“If”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3.It is/was because.It is/was why.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.4 The reason is because/whythat .第39页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。如：1.The fact is that our

36、 team has won the game.2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.第40页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日注意注意表表语语从从句句的的引引导导词词与与主主语语从从句句和和宾宾语语从从句相同句相同.但但:1.:1.that引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省.2.2.if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句.第41页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereaso

37、nis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.when第42页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日Subject Clauses 主语从句主语从句第43页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日1.主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分1).That he will succeed is certai

38、n.2)Whether he will go there is not known.3)What he said is not true.4)Where he hid the money is to be found out.5)Whoever comes is welcome.6)Its certain that he will succeed.7)How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.第44页，讲稿

39、共76张，创作于星期日考点一考点一:主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常用经常用it作形式主作形式主语语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.例:Thatweshallbelateiscertain.-Itscertainthatweshallbelate.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-由连词由连词whether,连接代词连接代词what,who,which和连接副词和连接副词when,where,why,how等引导等

40、引导.也也常常后置常常后置:Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.第45页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日It 的用法：的用法：（形式主语）（形式主语）It possible/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚 Its said/reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道 Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布 It seems/appears/happens

41、.that显然、明显、显然、明显、碰巧碰巧.Its no wonder that并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑 Its a pity/a fact/a common knowledge(众所周知）众所周知）/a common saying.（俗话说）俗话说）第46页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日考点二注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用单数What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定What he needs _is_ that book.What he needs _are_ some books.第47页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日what引导名词性从句时在从句中充引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分当句

42、子成分,如主语如主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,而而that则不然则不然,它在句子中只起连接作用。例它在句子中只起连接作用。例如：如：(1)Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(2)Thatsheisstillaliveisapuzzle.What与与that引导主语从句引导主语从句 第48页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日由由that引导引导:1.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的地球是圆的)3._isapity.(你错过了这次机会你错过了这次机会)that无意义无意义,后接一个完整的句子后接一个完整的句子.that不

43、可省不可省ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance第49页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日注注 意：意：1.Whatyouleftareonlyseveraloldbooks.2.Whatyousaidisofgreatimportance.3.Whathesaysanddoesdoesntconcernme.4.Whathesaysanddoesdontagree.“if”不能引导主语从句，应有不能引导主语从句，应有“whether”引导。引导。主语从句的主语从句的“that”一般不能省。一般不能省。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：引导主语从句时，

44、谓语动词：1）常与其后的名词作表语一致）常与其后的名词作表语一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。）根据句子的语境而定。第50页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all is that America is a developed country_t

45、he First World.a.Which;belong to b.As,belonged to c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging to第51页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofyourbusiness.A.isB.areC.ha

46、sDhave第52页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日Appositive Clauses 同位语从句同位语从句第53页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟同位语从句在句中充当同位语从句成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明释说明.n.+连接词连接词+从句从句同位语从句常用同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whether 1)The idea that compute

47、rs can recognize human voices surprises many people.2).Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness.第54页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日注注:1.1.同 位语从句多用that 引导2.2.在在have no idea 之后常用之后常用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句.I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when h

48、e did it.I have no idea what he did.第55页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日Ihavenoidea whenhewillbeback.howhecangetthetreasure.wheretheconcertwillbehold.whocanfinishthework.whyithappened.whichpenismine.whatweshoulddonext.whomtheyaretalkingabout.whetheritllraintomorrow.thatourfootballteamwonthegame.第56页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日1.Tw

49、o thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news l

50、ast night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.第57页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日名词名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice 等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为结构为 should+do,should 可省略可省略 He gave me a suggestion that I(should)be calm now.第58页，讲稿共76张，创作于星期日I have heard the news that he visited