《高级听力》课程教学指导书.pdf

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1、-1-高级听力课程教学指导书 朱晓 编写 淮阴师范学院外国语学院 二 0 一二年九月 外国语学院成人教育英语教育特色专业建设教学指导书-2-目录 前言.3 Unit 1 World News:Up in Space.4 Unit 2 World News:International Relations.13 Unit 3 World News:Economic Developments.19 Unit 4 World News:Earth and Environment.27 Unit 5 Health and Medicine.34 Unit 6 Science and Technology

2、.43 Unit 7 Communications(I).49 Unit 8 Communications(II).57 Unit 9 Architecture.63 Unit 10 Tourism.72 Unit 11 Transportation(I).78 Unit 12 Transportation(II).86 -3-前言 英语听力课是英语专业的基础必修课。它的主要目的是通过严格、专门系统的训练，培养学生听音会意、辨别音素、归纳大意、掌握细节、推敲含义的能力，侧重于学生对所听内容主要信息把握的技能训练，同时介绍一些听力的理论知识，引导学生的课外自我训练。通过本课程的学习，促进学生听力

3、发展，帮助学生充分掌握听力技巧，为培养学生全面的英语交际及学习能力和提高英语语感奠定良好的听力基础，同时为其它课程的学习奠定基础。要求学生在自学本课程后，1、能听懂比较通俗的、难度中等的音像资料，其程度相当于学过的文字资料。能听懂英语国家人士的日常生活交谈和一般性内容的讲话。2、能听懂外籍教师及专家有关教育、语言、文化和科普等方面的学术讲座以及他们在进行学术交流、讲座和讨论时的发言。3、能大体辨别各种英语变体（如美国英语、英国英语）。4、能听懂我国电台、电视台播送的对外英语新闻广播以及比较通俗的短评和文教科普内容的专题节目。5、能听懂外台的特别英语节目，如 VOA 和 BBC 正常语速新闻节目

4、。6、能在 15 分钟内听写根据已学知识选用的听力材料（词数 150 个左右，语速每分钟100 个单词），错误率不超过 10%。以上“听懂”的具体要求是：1）能理解全文中心思想；2）能抓住主要论据和主要内容；3）根据所听材料进行推理与判断；4）辨别说话人所持的态度和语气等。本课程采用Step By Step 2000作为教材，辅助教材为Listen To This:1&2，大学英语四级考试听力部分，VOA 慢速新闻广播等。课外练习可选用英语专业 1、2、3、4 级水平测试习题集、走遍美国、讲座录音、VOA 特别英语教学节目、BBC、ABC、CNN 等有关科技、文化、卫生、体育、时事等相关媒体简

5、单报道、英语歌曲以及英语电影剪辑录音等听力材料。在自学过程中，1、精听和泛听相结合，课时安排内以精听为主，辅之以课外大量泛听；笔头练习与口头练习相结合，以笔头练习为主。2、精听要求听懂每个句字，理解一些细节，并能辩识说话人的态度和语气。3、泛听以听懂主要内容和会做习题为主，不要求字字听懂。4、在听的过程中，培养学生作笔记的习惯。要求学生会缩写、记录主要意思和有关的论点或细节。-4-Unit 1 World News:Up in Space 学习目的和要求：了解我国航空航天事业的相关发展情况；尽可能熟悉并掌握与航天航空有关的词汇、有关组织机构的缩写，如 ISS，NASA 等；进一步加强新闻听力的

6、训练，熟悉新闻播报的惯常流程以及常用词汇等。本章内容:Part I Warming up 1.U.S.space shuttle Endeavor has docked with the International Space Station,bearing a gift of energy.The five-man shuttle team arrived to add a set of giant solar power panels to Unity to provide electricity for science experiments that will begin soon a

7、fter the U.S.laboratory arrives next month.2.The International Space Station finally has a living room and a command center.The Russian Zvezda module docked earlier today with the fledgling outpost,which is being assembled in space.After a checkout period,it will be ready for the first crew to live

8、in later this year.3.The U.S.Space Agency NASA has declared its Pathfinder spacecraft mission to Mars a 100 percent success.This week the Pathfinder completed its 30-day planned mission on Mars.A U.S.space official says this spacecraft has fulfilled all its objectives.4.The United States Space Agenc

9、y NASA says its given up any real hope of reviving its space probe on Mars.The spacecraft Pathfinder made its last transmission of scientific data from the surface of Mars at the end of September,83 days after landing.5.The U.S.Galileo spacecraft is heading for another pass by Jupiters fiery moon IO

10、 Thursday to get a closer look at the most volcanic body in our solar system.A pass just 600 kilometers away last month has provided a better understanding of just how active it is.6.It could be a mission-impossible-type assignment for the crew of the space shuttle Atlantis.Theyve got the daunting t

11、ask of delivering NASAs$1.4 billion space lab Destiny to the International Space Station.If they pull it off,the 15-ton lab will put NASAs flight controllers in charge.Until now Russian controllers have directed operations at the station.7.Astronauts on the U.S.space shuttle Columbia have conducted

12、experiments to confirm a theory that particles in space tend to attract each other and form dust clouds.8.The U.S.space shuttle Endeavor is preparing to return home in triumph after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.The Endeavors scheduled to land Monday at the Kennedy Space Center on Flori

13、das Atlantic coast,returning to the site where the mission began eleven days ago.9.The U.S.space shuttle Columbia has returned to Earth after an abbreviated stay in space because of a mechanical problem.The Space Agency ordered the shuttle back to Earth after one of the three power generators failed

14、 Sunday.The generators called fuel cells provide all of shuttles electrical power,and NASA safety rules require the space ship to return to Earth if any fuel cell fails.10.Discovery is playing chase with the Hubble Space Telescope right now.The shuttle launch was nearly perfect according to mission

15、managers,and the crew of seven astronauts is setting up housekeeping and recovering from the effects of weightlessness.Part II News reports -5-A.Of all the U.S.and Russian spacecraft that have traveled to Mars since the 1960s,the Polar Lander is to be the first to touch down near the planets south p

16、ole.The Lander and a companion orbiting craft called the Mars Climate Orbiter,launched in December,are the second installment of a 12-year NASA program(began in 1996)to unlock the secrets of Earths red neighbor.The first installment the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter and the Pathfinder Lander-arrived

17、in 1997,with Pathfinders robotic rover collecting and analyzing rocks on a desert about half a world away from the polar landing site.The Lander is to touch down just above the northern-most edge of the south polar ice cap,believed to be a mixture of water and carbon dioxide.It will use retrorockets

18、 to slow its descent.Once on the ground it will employ a robotic arm resembling a childs toy construction shovel to dig in search of subsurface water.Together with the newest orbiter now on its way to Mars,the Lander will also measure the distribution of water vapor,dust and condensates in the Marti

19、an atmosphere.While the Polar Lander descends next December,it is to release two speeding probes,each smaller than a basketball.These rugged instruments are to crash at about 640 kilometers per hour and bury themselves into the Martian surface about 100 kilometers away from the Landers touch-down po

20、int.They,too,will be inspecting for subsurface water.The grand finale of this series of Mars probes is tentatively set for launch in 2005.It would return soil and rock samples to Earth three years later.B.Space Agency NASA forced an ailing observatory to fall from orbit and crash into the Pacific Oc

21、ean on Sunday.NASA engineers picked a remote spot to avoid deaths and injuries from the falling debris.NASA says the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory has made a fiery plunge through the atmosphere into an isolated area of the Pacific.Most of the nine-year-old satellite was to have burned up in the dive

22、,but about six tons of hot metal were expected to have showered onto an isolated area about four thousand kilometers southeast of Hawaii.NASA had estimated that the debris would scatter over a long,narrow path 41 hundred kilometers long and 26 kilometers wide.The deliberate crash came after Goddard

23、Space Flight Center technicians directed the observatory early Sunday to fire its thrusters twice to dive into the atmosphere.NASA felt this was necessary because one of the Comptons three stabilizing gyroscopes had failed in December.The Space Agency decided to bring the 16-metric-ton satellite bac

24、k now in a controlled manner to prevent possible further system failures from causing it to drop on a populated area.The Comptons path took it over many populated areas,including Mexico City,Bangkok,and Miami.Compton exceeded its original five-year mission by four years,resulting in about two thousa

25、nd scientific papers.The observatory changed astronomers view of the heavens after showing that the entire universe is bathed in the invisible gamma rays,the highest energy form of light.It discovered hundreds of previously unknown sources of gamma rays,some streaming from black holes,exploding star

26、s,and the sun.Questions:1.How old is the Compton?-6-2.How heavy is the Compton?3.How many tons of hot metal were expected to plunge into the Pacific?4.What is the place that has been chosen for the crash of the Compton?5.How big is the path that the debris of the Compton would scatter over?6.Why is

27、it necessary to force the Compton to fall from its orbit?7.Whats the significance of the Compton?C.Astronomers in the United States say they have detected organic molecules on the moons of the planet Jupiter which could indicate the conditions are right there for some form of life to have evolved.Af

28、ter studying the latest findings sent back by the space probe Galileo,the scientists say they have found chemical signals showing that there are organic molecules on the moons containing carbon and nitrogen.For the past 15 months,the Galileo spacecraft has been orbiting Jupiter studying four of its

29、moons.Photographs of one of them,Ganymede,shows a wrinkled surface pockmarked with impacts from asteroids and comets.But now both on Ganymede and the second moon,Callisto,scientists have detected chemical signals showing there are organic molecules there containing carbon and nitrogen,essential ingr

30、edients for life.There is also evidence of water ice there.And on the third moon,Europa,there are deep oceans.There are other possible explanations for the presence of organic molecules on Jupiters moons.Violent thunderstorms,for example,may produce them.But after the discovery of possible micro fos

31、sils on Mars last year,the new evidence raises the stakes.Dr Simon Milton from Cambridge University was at the meeting in America where the results were announced.Almost wherever we look in the solar system today with our spacecraft,its almost like going and looking at different restaurants.It seems

32、 that there are many places where there is interesting kind of organic soup on the menu,which could have the right conditions for pre-biology,the beginnings of life,or even the existence of life.Galileo took six years to reach Jupiter and practically broke down on the way.But even though its cripple

33、d,its results have been better than scientists have dared to hope.Part III Chinas space and aeronautics industry A.In our top story today,President Jiang Zemin,Vice President Hu Jintao,and other top leaders,this afternoon went to Beijings space center to see the module of the returned unmanned space

34、craft which completed its first test flight recently.A ceremony was held this morning,to celebrate the opening of the module.It was transported back to Beijing from Inner Mongolia yesterday.President Jiang Zemin was briefed on the experimental process of the flight of the spacecraft.He said hes sati

35、sfied with the result of the experimental flight.Jiang Zemin pointed out that the success of the experimental flight is a milestone in Chinas space and aeronautic development and has special significance in the technological breakthrough of manned space flights.He said it is also an inspiration for

36、all Chinese people.The President called on scientists and engineers to fully study and analyze the experimental results so as to map out a development plan to expand the options for Chinas peaceful use of space.Earlier in the day,officials from Chinas space and aeronautics industry,along with resear

37、chers and manufacturers of the spacecraft,held a ceremony to mark the safe return of the spacecraft and opened its module.Though the module did not carry any astronauts,it did have a payload.The-7-staff took out national flags,the flags of the Macau Special Administrative Region,and a banner with al

38、l the signatures of the scientists and engineers who participated in the construction of the spacecraft.The items will be presented as gifts by the staff of the space and aeronautics industry.The spacecraft voyage is successful and the module returns accurately and safely.However,we shall conduct mo

39、re studies on concrete technical data such as temperature and humidity recorded by the module.It will provide us with more data to manufacture the manned spacecraft.Xu Fuxiang,the President of Chinas Space Technological Research Institute,said that the successful flight of the unmanned spacecraft pr

40、oves that the level of Chinas space and aeronautics industry is among the most advanced in the world.It will inspire more young Chinese scientists to work in the industry.B.China says its successfully put a second unmanned spacecraft into orbit.Its expected to re-enter the earths atmosphere over Inn

41、er Mongolia in a few days time.The launch is part of ambitious,long-term plans by the Chinese authorities which ultimately include hopes of building a space station.The official Chinese news agency said the countrys second unmanned experimental spacecraft,Shenzhou II,was successfully launched in the

42、 early hours of Wednesday morning from a rocket center in Gansu Province in northwest China.Its part of a series of tests the Chinese are carrying out before pushing ahead with a manned space mission sometime in the future.The first test flight to the unmanned module took place in November 1999,when

43、 it orbited the earth 14 times before finally landing in Inner Mongolia,21 hours later.The Chinese news agency says this mission will last for a few days.And several technical improvements have been made to the craft.China began its manned space program in 1992,and officials have expressed the hope

44、that one day theyll ultimately launch a space station and put astronauts on the moon.Questions:1.When and where was Shenzhou II launched?2.When and where will Shenzhou Il re-enter the earths atmosphere?3.What is Chinas long-term ambition?4.When did the first test flight to the unmanned module take p

45、lace?5.How many times did it orbit the earth?6.How many hours did it stay in the orbit?7.Where did it land?8.How long will Shenzhou Ils mission last?9.When did China begin its manned space program?Part IV Mir-Russias space glory A.Mir means peace in Russian.The station had a core block of living qua

46、rters and six docking ports for supply ships.Mir was built by the Soviet Union,which is now Russia.It cost$4.2 billion to build and maintain it.Scientists spent ten years building it,from 1986 to 1996.It weighs 135 tons and has a volume of 9,900 cubic feet.It is 63 feet wide and 85 feet long.Mir hos

47、ted 104 cosmonauts,astronauts,and visitors.Forty-six flights were made to Mir.Cosmonaut Valery Polyakov holds the record for the longest stay in orbit,which is 438 days.And cosmonaut Sergei Avdeyev totaled 747 days between-8-his three separate missions to Mir,which is the longest total for any human

48、 staying in space.The Mir Space Station has been sailing through space for 15 years.But Mir doesnt work very well any longer,and its orbit is failing.It has been replaced by the new International Space Station,where the U.S.A.,Russia and many other countries work together.So Russia is going to bring

49、 Mir down into the ocean.They will be careful that none of Mirs pieces hit places where people live.This event will be big news-as it should be!Since the Russians began building Mir in 1986,it has survived a fire,collisions with other spacecraft,and even attacks on its wiring by microbes that ate me

50、tal and glass!We have learned a lot from Mir about how to live and work in space.The Russian Space Agency guided Mir back to Earth on March 23rd.Fragments of the huge spacecraft splashed down in the South Pacific ocean just as ground controllers had planned.It was a flawless re-entry.No one was hurt