初中英语-介词专项490.pdf

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1、_ _ 介词 一概念：介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分 介词短语能够充当句子成分,介词短语=介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）二、常用 1、in 在.之内 1)表示地点，表示大地点。Shes in China with her mom and dad.2)表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内 The weather is cold in winter.3)表示颜色和语言也用介词 in。Do you know the girl in red?I can write this article in English.2、from 从.中来 1)come fr

2、om I come from China and Im Chinese.2)download from I download music from the Internet.3)be different from Lilys habits are different from Lindas.3.with 和，用，与 1)with sb 和.人在一起 Im in Class One with Daming and Lingling.2）with sth.表示用某种工具 I write with my pen,and I see with my eyes.4.at 在.1)表地点，主小地点。My

3、father is a teacher at BeijingInternationalSchool.2)表时间，主指时间的一个点。I get up at half past seven in the morning.3)be good at 擅长于.Iam good at reading and writing.5.behind 在.后面 The classrooms are behind the offices.6.next to 紧挨着 The library is next to the classrooms.7.in front of 在.前面 They are in front of

4、 Tony and Daming.8.for 为了.，因为。Thank you for your email.9.on 在.上，在.时 1）表示时间，表示具体的一天。Would you like to go to a football match on Sunday?2）表示地点 on the farm on the playground 10.to 自，向 1）talk to 与.谈论 We have a break and I talk to my friends.2)go to 去 He likes films and he often goes to the cinema.3）welc

5、ome to 欢迎到.Welcome to Beijing Zoo.4）listen to 听 They always listen to music.5）connect.to.和.连接一起 Please connect the monitor to the computer first.介词的作用 介词 表地点、位置、方向的介词 above,around,at,behind,between,by,down,from,in,up,in front of,into,onto,near,off,out,over,through,under,towards,表时间的介词 by,in,on,over,

6、with 其他介词 like,with,without,from,next,to _ _ 三、常用的介词的区别：in,to,on 在方位名词前的区别 1.in 表示 A 地在 B 地范围之内，如 Taiwan is in the southeast of China.2.to 表示 A 地在 B 地范围之外（有距离），如：Japan lies to the east of China.3.on 表示 A 地与 B 地接壤、毗邻，如：North Korea is on the east of China.at,in,on,by 在表示时间上的区别 1.at指时间表示：（1）时间的点、时刻等。Th

7、ey came home at noon（at sunrise,at midnight,at ten oclock,at daybreak）.（2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。He went home at New Year（at Christmas,at the Spring Festival）.2.in指时间表示：（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。in 2004,in March,in spring,in the morning,in the evening（2）在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时，谓语动词为非延续性

8、动词，意为“在以后”。He will arrive in two hours.（3）谓语动词为延续性动词时，in 意为“在以内”。These products will be made in a month.3.on指时间表示：（1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、星期几等,On Christmas Day there will be a party.（2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。He arrived at 8oclock on the night of Friday.（3）准时，按时。If the train can be on time,I should get home

9、before dark.4.by指时间表示：（1）不迟于，在（某时）前。如：He will come by six oclock.（2）在间，在的时候。如：He worked by day and studied by night.near,by,beside,at 表示“在附近”时的区别 1.near表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。Suzhou is near Shanghai.2.by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不很远，但 beside 比 by 更具体地表示出“在旁边”的意思。He was sitting beside her.He is walking by the river

10、.3.at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而 by 和 beside 仅表示位置关系。如：The students are sitting at the table listening to the teacher.Several students are sitting by/beside the door talking about a music.at,in 和 on 表示地点时的区别 1.at 表示地点：（1）用于指较小的地方。arrive at，接小地方 I will wait for you at the station.（2）用于门牌号码前。He lives

11、 at 11 Zhongshan Road.2.in 表示地点：arrive in 接较大地方 He lives in Shanghai.3.on 表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在上；在旁”。The picture was hanging on the wall.besides,except,but 表示“除外”之间的区别 1.besides 表示“除了以外，还有”，具有附加性质。如：Besides xiaoming,we also went to see the film.注意：besides 用于否定句中时，与 except,but同义，可互换。如：We have no other

12、books besides/except these._ _ 2.except 表示“除外”，具有排它性质。如：We all went to see the film except xiaoming.（王先生没去）3.but意为“除了”，与except同义，except强调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词。Nobody knew it but me.above,over,on,up 表示“在上”之间的区别 1.above 指“上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为 below。Were flying above the clouds.2.over 指“在正上

13、方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为 under。The bridge is over the river.3.on 表示“在上面”，与物体表面接触，与 beneath 相对。There is a map on the wall.4.up 表示动作的方向往上，反义词为 down。如：Please stand up with,from,for,at 表示原因的区别 1.with 表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因为；由于”。The little girl was shivering with cold.2.from 表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。She did it from a sense o

14、f duty.3.for 常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。I do apologize for keeping you waiting.4.at 表示原因，指“听到；看到；想到”等。At the news they felt very glad.for 和 of 的用法区别 试比较：Its impossible for me to watch TV after eleven oclock.Its kind of you to help me.两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of 之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for 之前的形容词

15、用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。by，with，in 的用法区别 by 表示以.的方式，方法，手段 和 乘某种交通工具；with 指借助于具体的手段或工具；in 表示以.方式，用语言，文字等媒介。I solved the problem by this way.I cut the apple with a knife.He speaks with us in English.after 和 in 的用法区别 这两个介词都可以表示时间在以后的意思。其区别是：after 以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；in 以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来

16、时态的句子。I went home after 10 oclock yesterday.The train will arrive in ten minutes.小试牛刀：一：用 by,beside,near,beyond 填空 1.The little girl is sitting _ her mother.2.There is a white car _ our school._ _ 3.Many shops are _ our home.4._ our city there is a river.二：1.The post office is _ the police station a

17、nd the library.A.between B.among C.in 2.I cant finish my work _ your help.A.with B.without C.in 3.Thank you _ _ me to have dinner.A.for invite B.of invite C.for inviting 4.Why are you standing,Alice?-I cant see the blackboard clearly.Two tall boys are sitting _ me.A.behind B.next to C.in front of 5.

18、If you do things _,usually you cant do them well.A.in a hurry B.from now on C.just now 6.What a nice day!We should go sightseeing _ watching TV in the hotel.A.because of B.instead of C.together with 7.Your coat looks very nice.Whats it made _?-Cotton,and it is made _ Wuhan.A.from,in B.of,in C.from,o

19、n 8.-When and where you born?-I was born _ October 1st,1998 _ Suzhou.A.on,on B.in,in C.on,in 9.There will be many robots _ peoples homes _ ten years.A.in,/B.in,in C.in,after 10.All the workers went home yesterday _ Mr White.Why?-Because he was on duty.A.except B.besides C.except for 11.Its very kind

20、 _ them to pick me up at the railway station and drive me home.A.for B.to C.of 12.A UFO landed _ the Center Street.A.at B.on C.in 13._ the Spring Festival,the heavy snow stopped many people from _ back home.A.During,going B.In,go C.On,goes 24.Think it over _ you write the answer.A.before B.after C.o

21、n 答案：一：1.by,2.beside,3.near,4.beyond 二：1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5A 6.B 7B 8 C9 C 10A 11 C 12 B 13.A 14.A 勤加磨练：1.The teacher is not only strict _ his pupils but also strict _ his own work.A.with,with B.in,in C.in,with D.with,in2.My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.for B.to C.

22、at D.as3.I don t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematic-s.A.after,on B.after,with C.behind,in D.behind,at4.Nobody knows it _ me._ _ A.except for B.except that C.besides D.but5.The window is never opened _ in summer.A.but B.except C.except for D.but for 6.We go to school _ a bike.A.in B.o

23、n C.by D.ove7.Its very kind_ you to repair the bike _ me.A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of8.Fresh air is good _ your health.A.at B.for C.of D.to9.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother.A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on10.The PLA man saved the

24、 boy _ death.A.of B.from C.to D.on11.He will come _ three days.A.before B.after C.in D.later12 He went to Beijing and returned _ three days.A.in B.before C.later D.after13.He will return_ three oclock.A.after B.in C.on D.at14 He wrote the article _ three days.A.at B.in C.on D.by15 I agree _ what you

25、 said.A.to B.on C.with D.at16.Do you agree_ this plan(arrangement)?A.at B.with C.on D.to17.Finally they agreed _ the terms of the contract.A.on B.to C.with D.at18.Do you often hear_ your brother?A.of B.from C.out of D.about19.1 heard _ the book long ago,but I have never read it.A.out B.from C.of D.w

26、ith20.The plane flew _ the city.A.across B.past C.through D.over21.We walked _ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.A.across B.through C.by D.past22.I was wandering _ the streets when I caught sight of a tailors shop.A.across B.through C.by D.past23.Our bus drove _ the Great Hall

27、of the People.A.across B.through C.past D.over24._ the sun,nothing would grow.For B.With C.Under D.Without25.The teacher is busy _ teaching.A.with B.for C.on D.of26.The teacher is busy _ correcting-papers.A.for B.in C.on D.of27.We left Xi an _._ a very hot summer afternoon.A.on B.in C.during D.by28.

28、His teacher was angry _ him _ his being late.A.at,with B.at,for C.with,for D.with,about29.My father was disappoint-ed _ the news.A.by B.about C.at D.o30.Mr Wang went to Nanjing _ October,1998 and came back home _ the morning of Nov.5.A.at;in B.on;at C.in;on D.by;from31.My uncle lives _ 105 Huanghe S

29、treet.His room is _ the fifth floor.A.at;on B.td;at C.on;in D.of;to32.I dont think you can work out the maths problem _ the teachers help.A.since B.unless C.because D.without 33.-Do you go there _ bus?-No,we go there _ a train.A.in;on B.on;on C.by;in D.by;with34.The trees _ front of the house are _

30、the charge of Old Li.A.in;in B.at;in C.in;by D.from;in35.The old man died _ cold _ a cold night.A.from;at B.of;in C.of;on D.for;during36.Does John know any other foreign languages _ French?A.except B.but C.besides D.beside37.-How long has the bookshop been in business?-_1982.A.After B.In C.From D.Si

31、nce38.Did you have any trouble _ the post office?A.to have found B.with finding C.to find D.in finding39.To tell you the truth,I have nothing to do _ it.A.about B.with C.for D.of40.Taiwan is _ the east of Fujian.A.in B.at C.to D.on41 His father will be back from London _ a few days.A.since B.in C.on

32、 D.after42.The word write has the same pronunciation _ the word right.关系代词A.of B.as C.to D.from43.The train leaves _ 6:00 p.m.So I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p.m.at the latest.A.at;until(延续)B.for;after C.at;by（瞬间）D.before;around _ _ 44.We will be in Nanjing _ Tuesday _Thursday.A.on/through B.o

33、n/toC.from/to D.on./till 45.There are many beautiful birds _ the tree.A.on B.at C.inD.besides 1-5DDCDB6-10BCBAB11-15CDABC16-20DABCD21-25ABCDA26-30B ADCC 31-35ADCCA 36-40CC DDD 41-45BBCBBC（应到 43 答案有误）初中英语常用介词短语 1)at once 立刻 2)at last 最后 3)at first 起先，首先 4)at the age of在岁时 5)at the end of在之末 6)at the

34、beginning of在之初 7)at the foot of在脚下 8)at the same time 同时 9)at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10)with ones help 在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助 11)with the help of 在的帮助下 12)with a smile 面带笑容 13)with ones own eyes 亲眼看见 14)after a while 过了一会儿 15)from now on 从现在起 16)from then on 从那时起 17)far example 例如 18)far away from 远离 19)from m

35、orning till night 从早到晚 20)by and by 不久 21)by air mail 寄航空邮件 22)by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车 23)by ordinary mail 寄平信 24)by the way 顺便说 25)by the window 在窗边 26)by the end of到底为止 27)little by little 逐渐地 28)in all 总共 29)in fact 事实上 30)in ones twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31)in a hurry 匆忙 32)in the middle o

36、f 在中间 33)in no time(in a minute)立刻，很快 34)in time(on time)及时 35)in public 公众，公开地 36)in order to 为了 37)in front of 在前面 38)in the sun 在阳光下 39)in the end 最后，终于 40)in surprise 惊奇地 41)in turn 依次 42)of course 当然 43)a bit(of)有一点儿 44)a lot of 许多 45)a little 一点儿 46)on ones way to 某人在去的路上 47)on foot 步行，走路 48)a

37、 talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49)on the other hand 另一方面 50)at/on the weekend 在周末 51)on the left(right)在左(右)边 52)on the other side of 在另一边 53)on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)54)to ones joy 使高兴的是 55)to ones surprise 使惊讶的是 介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语 1）.介词与动词搭配 arrive inat 到达 _ _ ask for 要，请求 do well in 在方面做得好 give in 投降 go o

38、n 继续 hear from 收到来信 hear of 听说 helps B.with sth.帮助做 laugh at 嘲笑 learn from 向学习 talk to 与谈话 take down 拿下，取了 look at （有意识地）看 speak to 对某人 take away 拿走，带走 think of 考虑，关心 wait for 等候，等待 turn onoff 打开（关上 listen to 听 look after 照顾，照看 look for 寻找 look like 看上去像 get to 到达 fill with 充满，装满 begin with 以开始 meet

39、 with 偶尔遇见，遭遇 pass on 传递 belong to 属于 write to 写信给 call on 号召，访问，邀请 smile at 向微笑 look out 向四下看，到处看 2）.介词与名词搭配 in time 及时 in life 一生中 on time 准时，按时 in front of 在前面 on foot 步行 by bus 乘公共汽车 at home 在家 in English 用英语 in the middle 在中间 at night 在晚上 at noon 在中午 with a smile 带着微笑 of course 当然（可以）in a hurry

40、 匆忙，急忙 in a minute 一会 by the way 顺便说说问问 at first 首先，起初 at last 最后，终于 at the meeting 在会上 on ones way to 在的路上 in the sun 在阳光下 in a tree 在树上 in surprise 惊奇地 at once 立刻，马上 at the foot of 在脚下 at all 压根儿 at dinner 在吃正餐 at the table 在桌子旁 at work 在工作 at school 在学校 at the back of 在后面 at the beginning of 在开始

41、at the end of 在结尾 at the same time 同时，然而 by train 乘火车 day by day 日复一日 one by one 一个接一个 in a word 总而言之，一句话 in fact 事实上 in the street 在街上 in the end 最后，终于 in no time 立刻，很快 in order 按顺序，整齐，正常 in order to 为了，以便 in the day 在白天 in line 成一直线 in a short while 不久 in all 总共，总计 in town 在城里 on the leftright 在左右

42、边 on the one handon the other hand 一方面另一方面 on top of 在顶上 _ _ in public 当众，公开地 out of work 失业 3)介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配 be made of 由制成 be angry with sb.对某人生气 be angry at sth.为某事生气keep out of 不让进入 be tired of 讨厌厌倦 be interested in 对感兴趣 be proud of 以为自豪/骄傲be full of 充满 be sure of 确信 say hello to 向问好 take par

43、t in 参加 break into 闯入 take care of 照顾，关心，保管 be busy with 忙于 be strict with 对严格要求 catch up with 跟上，赶上 have nothing to do with 与无关 go to school 上学 go to bedsleep 睡觉be kind to sb.对某人友好 be used to 习惯于 4.看似相同，但意义有别的词组：1）.介词词组(1)at table 在进餐at the table 在桌子旁（=beside the desk）(2)at desk 在读书或做作业at the desk

44、在书桌旁(3)at school 在校上学（指学生）at the school 在学校（指教职工）(4)in front of the bus 在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）in the front of the bus 在公共汽车的前部（在车上）(5)at sea 在航海中at the sea 在海边(6)by day 白天by the day 按日，论日(7)in class 在上课，在课内in the class 在这个班(8)in red 穿着红色的衣服in the red 负债，亏损(9)in hospital 住院（指病人）in the hospital（因事）在医院(10)in o

45、ffice 在办公，执政in the office 在办公室(11)in place of 代替，而不是in the place of 在地方(12)in case of 万一，如果in the case of 就来说，至于(13)of age 成年人of an age 同龄人(14)out of office 离职out of the office 离开办公室 2）含有介词的动词词组(1)come out of hospital（病好出院 come out of the hospital（因事）从医院里出来(2)come out of prison（刑满）释放 come out of the

46、 prison（因事）从监狱里出来(3)go to school 去上学go to the school（因事）去学校(4)go to college 上大学go to the/a college 去一所学校（办事）(5)go to hospital 去住院go to the hospital（因事）去医院(6)go to sea 当海员go to the sea 去海边(7)go to court 起诉go to the court（因事）去法庭(8)go to church 做礼拜go to the church（因事）去教堂(9)keep house 管理家务keep the house 守在家里 _ _(10)take place 发生take the place 代替