黑龙江省澧县2高考英语一轮复习阅读理解选练2532.pdf

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1、第 1 页 湖南澧县 2021 高考英语一轮阅读理解选练【2021 高考训练题】阅读以下短文，从每题所给四个选项 A、B、C、D中，选出最正确选项。As with every other invasive入侵species,introducing worms to an ecosystem 生态系统 that developed without them has an effect on everything that lives there.This concern is very clear in the Great Lakes region.Non native earthworms蚯蚓

2、have been in North America for a couple hundred years,brought over from Europe with soils and plants.More recently,Asian species,sold as fishing bait饵料,have started to spread in the Great Lakes region,where there are no native earthworms.In these earthworm-free forests,when leaves fall onto the fore

3、st floor and plants and animals die,they build up into whats called the duff腐殖质layer.In this area,it was just bacteria that broke down the organic material for plants to consume and take up.Earthworms come in,they do their job and do it extremely well they take that forest floor and turn it into the

4、 rich black soil you find in your garden.That sounds great-but the local plants and animals in the Great Lakes region are used to living with the duff layer,not in the rich soil associated with earthworms.In addition,the rich 第 2 页 top soil left by earthworms can wash out in a heavy rain.The differe

5、ntly produced soil is a problem as well.Theres a mat of fine roots in that duff layer-thats where a lot of our native plants put their root system.When that duff is gone,its a lot harder for them to put their roots into the mineral 矿物质 soil.1.What is the authors attitude towards the work of invasive

6、 earthworms A.Supportive.B.Worried.C.Doubtful.D.Respectful.2.How does the Asian species affect the ecosystem of the Great Lakes Region A.By changing the soil.B.By Killing the native species.C.By eating the native plants.D.By serving as fishing bait.3.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about _.

7、A.Asian earthworms work is helpful to the roots of the native plants.B.The native plants have finally adapted to the rich black soil.C.The Asian earthworms caused great problems for the local plants.D.The local plants find it easy to put their roots into the 第 3 页 mineral soil.本文讲述了作为鱼饵被引入到美洲五大湖区亚洲蚯

8、蚓由于改变了当地土壤环境，而影响当地植物生长，破坏了生态环境。1 就谈到把蚯蚓引到一个无蚯蚓生态区会对生活在那里万物产生影响。第二段开头又提到。这种担忧在五大湖区是显而易见。因此作者字里行间流露出对亚洲蚯蚓带来生态影响担忧。2.A.从第三段可知，在没有蚯蚓森林中，落叶与动物尸体会堆积成腐殖层，它们是由细菌来分解成可供应植物来吸收成分。蚯蚓到来后，它们把地表腐殖层(特点是:因为是落叶腐烂形成，所以松软，植物容易扎根。)变成了肥沃黑土，即第四段中所讲 the mineral soil(矿物质层)(特点是:因为被蚯蚓消化分解后腐叶实质上已经变成了颗粒团状粪便，比腐殖质要有粘性，坚硬)，从第四段最后两

9、句可知，而这使得习惯了在腐殖质土层植根当地植物很难在矿物质土层中扎根，植物不能很好生长了，自然会导致生态系统破坏。土壤被改变，新形成矿物质土壤易流失，与当地植物很难在矿物质土层中扎根等三个方面论述了亚洲蚯蚓对五大湖区生态影响。阅读以下短文，从每题所给与 D 项中，选出最正确选项。Yes,but what did we use to do before there was television How often we hear statements like this!Television hasnt been with us all that long,but we are already

10、beginning to forget what the world was like without it.Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes,we never fond it 第 4 页 difficult to occupy our spare time.We used to enjoy civilized pleasures.For instance,we used to have hobbies,we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by the

11、m,we used to go outside for our amusements to theatres,cinemas,restaurants and sporting events.We even used to read books and listen to music and broadcast talks occasionally.All that belongs to the past.Now all our free time is regulated by the goggle box.We rush home or gulp down our meals to be i

12、n time for this or that programme.We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal,exchanging the news of the day.A sandwich and a glass of beer will do anything,providing it doesnt interfere with the programme.The monster demands and obtains absolute silence and attention.

13、If any member of the family dares to open his mouth during a programme,he is quickly silenced.Whole generations are growing up addicted to the telly.Food is left uneaten,homework undone and sleep is lost.The telly is a universal pacifier.It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children qu

14、iet by putting them in the living-room and turning on the set.It doesnt matter that the children will watch rubbishy commercials or spectacles of sadism and violence so long as they are quiet.第 5 页 There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the world.Every day,television consumes

15、 vast quantities of creative work.That is why most of the programmes are so bad:it is impossible to keep pace with the demand and maintain high standards as well.When millions watch the same programmes,the whole world becomes a village,and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in prelite

16、rate communities.We become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication:pictures and the spoken word.Television encourages passive enjoyment.We become content with second-hand experiences.It is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others working.Little by little,television

17、cuts us off from the real world.We get so lazy,we choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness,glued to our sets,rather than go out into the world itself.Television may be s splendid medium of communication,but it prevents us from communicating with each other.We only become aware how totally irrelev

18、ant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains,far away from civilization.In quiet,natural surroundings,we quickly discover how little we miss the hypnotic tyranny of King Telly.第 6 页 1.What is the biggest harm of TV A It deprives people of communication with

19、 the real world.People become lazy.C People become dependent on second-hand experience.D TV consumes a large part of ones life.2.In what way can people forget TV A Far away from civilization.To a mountain.C By the sea.D In quiet natural surroundings.3.What does a mother usually do to keep her childr

20、en quiet A Let them watch the set.Put them in the living room.C Let them watch the rubbish.D Let them alone.4.What does the first sentence in the first paragraph mean A We found it difficult to occupy our spare time.We become addicted to TV.C What we used to do is different from now.D We used to enj

21、oy civilized pleasures.第 7 页 Vocabulary 1.goggle 转动眼珠，瞪眼 goggle box 英俚电视机 2.gulp 狼吞虎咽 3.telly 电视机 4.pacifier 平息者，抚慰者。这里指平静人，使人不吱声东西。5.rubbishy 垃圾，无价值 6.sadism 施淫虐 7.glue 胶水；粘牢 glue to the sets 与电视机粘在一起，指成了电视迷 8.hypnotic 催眠 难句译注 1.There is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the wor

22、ld.【参考译文】世界上可以获得创造性才能数量是有限。写作方法与文章大意 这是一篇论说“电视有害文章。采用比照分析手法。先提出问题，比照过去与现在“过去在业余时间，我们享受文明欢乐，有各种嗜好，招待朋友，访友，外出娱乐，在家读书听音乐现在一切受电视支第 8 页 配。匆忙赶回家，狼吞虎咽地吃完饭为是准时看某个电视节目。只要不干扰节目，吃什么都可以！一块三明治，一杯啤酒就行。看时，谁都不许说话，完全没有了过去那种悠闲，坐在一起吃晚饭，相互交谈白天一切。然后列出电视种种恶果：整个几代人成了电视迷，连孩子也不能幸免，电视消耗了大量创造性工作，人们成为以来电视生存人，被动娱乐，制止我们与真实世界交流。最

23、后结论：到大自然去，忘掉电视。答案详解 1.A 它剥夺了人们与真实世界联系。文章屡次提到现在我们不能探亲访友，一家人互不交流，而一旦离开电视就进入了真是世界。B.人变懒。C.人们变得依赖二手经历。D.电视浪费了人生大量时间。这三项只是危害重具体一个组成局部。2.D 在安宁大自然怀抱中。答案在最后一段最后一句“在安详宁静大自然环境中，我们很快发现我们对催眠电视暴君连想都不怎么想！A.远离文明。B.去山上。C.在海边。3.A 叫他们看电视。这在第二段第三句起“电视是一个万能安静器。母亲为使孩子们安静，就把他们放在起居室内，翻开电视看。这是现在最权威一招。至于孩子们看使垃圾般商业广告，还是施淫虐或暴

24、力片都无关紧要，只要他们安静不闹。第 9 页 B.把他们搁在起居室。C.让他们看垃圾片。都是其中具体一局部。D.让他们呆着。没有提到。4.B 我们都成了电视迷。第一句“是，可是没有电视之前，我们常干些什么？这说明人们已经习惯于电视，以来电视，到了没有电视怎么办境地。不知道没有电视前情况。第二段“整个几代人越来越迷上了电视，饭不吃，家务不干，不睡觉。可以说整篇文章都描写了人们对电视迷恋，依赖。第一句话是引言。所以 B 对。A.难以消遣。只是人们一种感受。C.过去与现在不同。是一种比照，并没有点出这句话真正内涵。D.享受文明欢乐。是过去所作一个具体例子。【2021 高考复习】阅读理解 Resear

25、ch shows that childhood friendships are important indicators of future success and social adjustment.Childrens relationships with peers(同龄人)strongly influence their success in school，and children with fewer friends are more at risk of dropping out of school，becoming depressed and other problems.Maki

26、ng and Keeping Friends Is More than Childs Play When 6yearold Rachel returned to school on a recent Monday morning，her eyes immediately scanned the playground for her friend Abbie.“Though they were only separated by a weekend，the girls ran right into each others 第 10 页 arms and hugged，recalls Rachel

27、s mother Kathryn Willis of Gilbert.“It was like a scene from a movie.Most parents instinctively(本能地)know that having friends is good for their child.Experts agree that friendship is not simply childs play，but a powerful predictor of social adjustment throughout life.A Skill for Life“Childhood friend

28、ships serve as a very important training ground for adulthood，says Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia，psychologist with the Center for Childrens Health&Life Development at the East Valley Family Resource Center.Researcher William Hartup states，“Peer relations contribute significantly to both social and cognitive

29、(认知)development.Hartup concludes that the single best childhood predictor of adult social adaptation is not school grades or classroom behavior，but rather，how well a child gets along with other children.The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that

30、just as being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.Good Friendships Dont Just Happen 第 11 页 Experts agree that it is essential for children to establish highquality friendships.But，researchers warn，these friendships dont necessarily just happen.Of

31、ten，a good friendship begins with involved parents.Psychologistnne Kenney Markan believes kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and reading.Bad Company Many parents worry about the quality as well as the quantity of their childs friendships.“When she was in 1s

32、t grade，her supposed best friend began calling her names and threatening to hurt her，says Mindy Miller.“My daughter wasnt allowed to talk to or even look at other girls in her class.It really crushed her spirit.I told my daughter she didnt need a friend like that.“Ill bend over backwards to help my

33、son get together with a friend I think is good for him，AdlerTapia says.“I dont look at it as manipulation(操纵)，just positive parental involvement.【语篇解读】研究说明，童年时期友谊对孩子将来有着非常重要意义。5The example of Rachel and Abbie is used to illustrate 第 12 页 that_.A childhood friendship is of great significance to their

34、 growth Ba positive friendship helps children solve emotional and physical problems Cit is a proven fact that peer friendship is the most rewarding experience throughout life DRachel missed her friend Abbie very much because of their separation of one weekend 解析 细节理解题。文中六岁 Rachel 与她朋友 Abbie 之间友谊例证了本

35、局部标题 Making and Keeping Friends Is More than Childs Play，再结合文章首句可知应选 A 项。答案 A 6The underlined word“detrimental could be replaced by_.Aaggressive Bdisappointing Cridiculous Dharmful 解析 词义猜想题。根据文中“The work of Arizona State University professor of Developmental Psychology Gary Ladd proves that just as

36、being able to make and keep friends is beneficial to kids，so is the lack of friends detrimental.可知，“detrimental与句中“beneficial相对应，因此“detrimental与“harmful同义。第 13 页 答案 D 7 We can learn from the passage that highquality friendship most probably results from_.Asocial skills and good study habits Bschool

37、grades and classroom behaviors Cacademic success and social adaptation Dpositive parental involvement and social skills 解析 细节理解题。根据 Good Friendships Dont Just Happen中“a good friendship begins with involved parents与“kids should be taught social skills in much the same way they are taught math and rea

38、ding可知，D 项正确。答案 D 8From the last paragraph we can conclude that Dr.Robbie AdlerTapia agrees that_.Aparents should regard making friends as something that just happens Bits wise for parents to support and encourage healthy peer relationships Cparents only need to help their children to cope with diff

39、icult social situations Dparents are supposed to encourage their children to make as many friends as they can 第 14 页 解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句可推知，父母应该在孩子交友问题上给予指导，防止其受到不良影响，因此选 B。答案 B【2021 高考复习】阅读理解 Commuters(上下班往返人)who drive to work will face a parking charge of up to 350 a year.Ministers are backing a wor

40、kplace parking charge which will come into force in Nottingham in 2021 and is likely to be adopted across the country.The scheme will see firms with more than ten parking places for staff charged 350 a year for each space in two years.Employers would be free to pass on the charge to their staffmeani

41、ng it would effectively be a tax on driving to work.The scheme aims to reduce traffic by preventing unnecessary car journeys and raise funds to improve public transport，but critics say it is just an excuse for councils to fill their coffers(金库)Some ten million Britons drive to work each day，and the

42、British Chambers of Commerce says the new charge could total 3.4 billion a year if rolled out nationwide.Already some firms in Nottingham have threatened to leave the city，where 40,000 commuters use their cars to get to 第 15 页 work.A spokesman said the scheme was nothing more than a tax on jobs.“It

43、is very unfair to discriminate against those employers who have parking spaces，which get vehicles off the streets，he said.“And these charges apply around the clock，which is especially unfair on shift workers who rely on their cars because public transport is not available.This is more about increasi

44、ng the governments income than reducing traffic.However，Transport Minister Sadiq Khan gave the plan an official approval during a visit to Nottingham.The council says the tax will raise as much as 100 million over ten yearsone fifth of the cost of a new transport system for the city.Another transpor

45、t spokesman Theresa Villiers said the tax would have a devastating impact on businesses struggling to cope with the economic decline.But Richard Hebditch of the Campaign for Better Transport said the tax would raise money to invest in better transport.“We put forward the idea of workplace parking ta

46、xes as a fairer way to raise money to invest in the future local transport services.We are pleased that the people of Nottingham will be the first to benefit.第 16 页【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了 Nottingham 将出台政策对工作场所停车收费及由此引发剧烈讨论。1Supporters argue that the scheme_.Acan help improve the parking conditions for the sta

47、ff Bshould be applied to ail commuters driving to work Cis certain to be carried out despite the objections Dwill relieve traffic pressure and improve public transport 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The scheme aims to reduce traffic by preventing unnecessary car journeys and raise funds to improve public transport

48、，but critics say it is just an excuse for councils to fill their coffers(金库)可知，支持者认为这个方案能够缓解交通压力，改善公共交通。答案 D 2According to the objectors，the scheme is unfair for_.Athe firms with parking lots Bthe workforce without cars Cthe employees parking their cars on the streets Dthe staff driving to work in t

49、he daytime 解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，A 项正确。答案 A 3Which word can best describe Theresa Villierss attitude 第 17 页 towards the scheme ANeutral.BNegative.CUnderstanding.DPositive.解析 态度推断题。根据第六段内容可知，Theresa Villiers 对这个方案持否认态度。答案 B 4It can be inferred from the passage that_.Amany firms are willing to pay the c

50、harges for their staff Bthe public transport in Nottingham is in great need of improvement Cthe author believes Britons will benefit from the scheme Dthose firms with more commuters will leave Nottingham 解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“The council says the tax will raise as much as 100 million over ten yearsone f