黑龙江省桦南县高考英语一轮复习阅读理解训练一290.pdf

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1、第 1 页 黑龙江桦南县 2021 高考英语一轮阅读理解训练一 阅读以下四篇短文，从每题后所给 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最正确选项。“So what is Quintura you may ask.“I like the search engine I currently use,My Favorite Search Engine.Why do I need anything else My Favorite Search Engine knows everything about every subject I am interested in and I can access

2、all of the information available on the Web with My Favorite Search Engine.“Oh,yes!we answer.“Indeed!We have no doubt that you have chosen the best search engine for your own search purposes!We dont want you to part with your favorite Yahoo,MSN or Google.However,what if you think about searching in

3、a different way.Have you ever raked through the paper card index of a big library You have to find the necessary letter(or their combination),take the correct drawer,and start sorting through the cards.Ring any bells After much time and effort,finally you find the long-awaited card!Of course web sea

4、rch engines take away the laborious task of sifting(筛选)through paper index cards.And if you know the books exact author and title,either search is easy on the web or in a library.But what if you know only your general search scope Neither the authors name nor the book title.In a library,the only way

5、 out is to ask a librarian.But on the web,what do you do You are on your own.第 2 页 Until now,Quintura is the very know-all librarian!Imagine a conversation between you and the search engine you use most often,My Favorite Search Engine(MFSE).You:I need some books on physics.MFSE:No problem.We have a

6、lot of good literature.You:Oh.so many of them!MFSE:You asked for books on physics,here,Ive found some more.You:No,I need only one branch of physics.MFSE:But I have all the branches!Thousands of books.Choose whatever you want.You:But I need the branch on solid movement:acceleration,friction and so on

7、.MFSE:Here they are.Books on physics.Now imagine beginning the same conversation with Quintura(Qu).You:I need some books on physics.Qu:OK!We have a lot of good literature;what branch of physics do you need 第 3 页 You:Branch Im not sure of its name.Qu:What is your branch about You:Solid movement:accel

8、eration,friction and so on.Qu:Lets see.Here is mechanics!Please note this list of books,our visitors mostly ask for these books on mechanics.You:Thank you.1.Quintura is the name of .A.a web search engine B.a well-known website C.a big library D.a librarian 2.What is the purpose of the writers talkin

9、g about the paper card index of a big library A.To tell us how to find your book in a big library.B.To remind you of your school life.C.To advise you to think about searching in a different way.D.To prove the paper card index is worse than web search engines.3.In the writers opinion,if you know only

10、 your general search scope youd better use .第 4 页 A.Quintura B.Yahoo C.MSN D.MFSE 4.From the two conversations we can learn .A.MFSE can provide you with more books than Quintura B.MFSE always offers you some useless information C.Quintura can help you find what you are searching for more quickly tha

11、n MFSE D.Quintura can offer you more information than MFSE【参考答案】14、.ACAC 阅读以下短文，从每题所给四个选项A、B、C 与 D中，选出最正确选项。(Cryptic Coloring)Cryptic coloring is by far the commonest use of color in the struggle for existence.It is employed for the purpose of attack(aggressive resemblance or anticryptic coloring)as

12、 well as of defense(protective resemblance or procryptic coloring).The fact that the same method concealment,may be used both for attack and defense has been well explained by T.Belt who suggests as an illustration the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued,which

13、is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.Cryptic coloring is commonly associated with other aids in the struggle for life.Thus 第 5 页 well-concealed mammals and birds,when discovered,will generally endeavor to escape by speed and

14、 will often attempt to defend themselves actively.On the other hand,small animals which have no means of active defense,such as large,numbers of insects,frequently depend upon concealment alone.Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance,in correspondence with th

15、e fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey.In the case of insectivorous Vertebrata and their prey such differences exist in an exaggerated form.Cryptic coloring,whether used for defense of attack,may be either general or special.In general resemblan

16、ce the animal,in consequence of its coloring,produces the same effect as its environment,but the conditions do not require any special adaptation of shape and outline.General resemblance is especially common among the animal inhabiting some uniformly colored expanse of the earths surface,such as an

17、ocean or a desert.In the former,animals of all shapes are frequently protected by their transparent blue color,on the latter,equally diverse forms are defended by their sandy appearance.The effect of a uniform appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast.Thus the black

18、and white stripes of the zebra blend together at a little distance,and“their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.Special resemblance is far commoner than general and 第 6 页 is the form which is usually met with on the diversified sur

19、face of the earth,on the shores,and in shallow water,as well as on the floating masses of algae on the surface of the ocean,such as the Sargasso Sea.In these environments the cryptic coloring of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape,and by the instinct which leads them to assume

20、 particular attitudes.Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on land;but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized,and perhaps more important than any other element in the complex method by which concealment is

21、effected.In special resemblance the combination of coloring,shape,and attitude is such as to produce a more or less exact resemblance to some one of the objects in the environment,such as a leaf of twig,a patch of lichen,a flake of bark.In all cases the resemblance is to some object which is of no i

22、nterest to the enemy or prey respectively.The animal is not hidden from view by becoming indistinguishable from its background as in the case of general resemblance,but it is mistaken for some well-know object.In seeking the interpretation of these most interesting and elaborate adaptations,attempts

23、 have been made along two lines.The first seeks to explain the effect as a result of the direct influence of the environment upon the individual(G.L.L.Buffon),or by the inherited effects of efforts and the use and disuse of parts(J.B.P.Lamarck).The second believes that natural selection produced the

24、 result and afterwards maintained it 第 7 页 by the survival of the best concealed in each generation.The former suggestion breaks down when the complex nature of numerous special resemblances is appreciated.Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperat

25、ion of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attitude.The latter is instinctive and thus depends on the central nervous system.The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors;and in the present state of science,the only possible hole of an int

26、erpretation lies in the theory of natural selection,which can accumulate any and every variation which tends toward survival.A few of the chief types of methods by which concealment is effected may be briefly described.The colors of large numbers of vertebrate animals are darkest on the back and bec

27、ome gradually lighter on the sides,passing into white on the belly.Abbot H.Thayer has suggested that this gradation obliterates the appearance of solidity,which is due to shadow.The color harmony,which is also essential to concealment,is produced because the back is of the same tint as the environme

28、nt(e.g.earth),bathed in the cold blue-white of the sky,while the belly,being cold blue-white and bathed in shadow and yellow earth reflections produces the same effects.This method of neutralizing shadow for the purpose of concealment by increased lightness of tint was first suggested by E.B.Poulton

29、 in the case of a larva and a pupa,but he did not appreciate the great importance of the principle.In an analogous method an 第 8 页 animal in front of a background of dark shadow may have part of its body obliterated by the existence of a dark tint,the remainder resembling,e.g.,a part of a leaf.This

30、method of rendering invisible any part which would interfere with the resemblance is well know in mimicry.1.The black and white stripes of the zebra are most useful form A.hunters.nocturnal predators C.lions and tigers.C.insectivorous Vertrbrata 2.Aggressive resemblance occurs when A.a predaceous at

31、titude is assumed.special resemblance is utilized.C.an animal relies on speed.D.an animal blends in with its background.3.Special resemblance differs from general resemblance in that the animal relies on A.its ability to frighten its adversary.speed.C.its ability to assume an attitude.D.mistaken ide

32、ntify 4.The title below that best expresses the ides of this passage is A.Cryptic coloration for Protection.How Animals Survive.C.The uses of Mimicry in Nature.D.Resemblances of Animals.5.Of the following which is the least common 第 9 页 A.protective resemblance.General resemblance.C.Aggressive resem

33、blance.D.Special resemblance.Vocabulary 1.cryptic 隐藏，保护 cryptic coloring 保护色，隐藏色 2.predaceous 食肉，捕食其他动物。3.vertebrate 脊椎动物门 4.tint 色泽，色彩 5.zebra 斑马 6.Sargasso 果本马尾藻 7.twig 嫩枝 8.lichen 地衣 9.flake 一片 10.gradation 等级，层次，分等 11.obliterate 涂抹，擦去，使消失 12.larva 幼虫，幼体 13.pupa 蛹 14.mimicry 模仿，拟态 15.nocturnal 夜间

34、发生，夜出 16.insectivorous 食虫 17.procryptic 有保护色，保护性 第 10 页 难句译注 1.the rapidity of movement which is also made use of by both pursuer and pursued,which is similarly raised to a maximum in both by the gradual dying out of the slowest through a series of generations.参考译文 追捕动物与被追动物也利用快速动作。这种快速运动同样是通过几代更迭，逐

35、渐消除了慢速，而开展到快速顶峰。2.Protective resemblance is far commoner among animals than aggressive resemblance,in correspondence with the fact that predaceous forms are as a rule much larger and much less numerous than their prey.参考译文 保护性模仿远比侵犯行模仿要普遍得多，这是与下述情况想配合：食肉形式动物，按惯律总是比他们捕食对象要大而且多得多。3.The effect of a uni

36、form appearance may be produced by a combination of tints in startling contrast.参考译文 在惊人比照中，色泽综合可能产生外形一致效果。4.their proportion is such as exactly to match the pale tint which arid ground possesses when seen by moonlight.参考译文 这里指斑马黑白条比例正好与在月光下观看贫瘠土地所具有苍白色泽相吻合。5.In these environments the cryptic colori

37、ng of animals is usually aided by special modifications of shape,and by the instinct which leads them to assume particular attitudes.参考译文 在这些环境中，动物保护色常常得到特定形状变化与本能协作，这第 11 页 种本能会使动物采取特定姿势。6.Complete stillness and the assumption of a certain attitude play an essential part in general resemblance on l

38、and;but in special resemblance the attitude is often highly specialized 参考译文 绝对静态与采取一般姿势在陆地一般模仿中起很大作用，而在专门模仿中，姿势常常是高度专门化。7.Thus the arrangement of colors of many kinds into an appropriate pattern requires the cooperation of a suitable shape and the rigidly exact adoption of a certain elaborate attit

39、ude.参考译文 因此许多类颜色排列成恰当模式/形式，要求把适宜外形与严格采用一定精心设计姿势相结合。8.The cryptic effect is due to the exact cooperation of all these factors;and in the present state of science,the only possible hole of an interpretation lies in the theory of natural selection,which can accumulate any and every variation which tend

40、s toward survival.参考译文 保护效果是由于所以这些因素确切合作而形成。根据目前科学水平，唯一解释此种现象就是自然选择理论，它可以累积要生存各种变异/变种。写作方法与文章大意 文章以一般到具体协作与分类方式写作，第一段点出生物界生存竞争中最常用一种颜色是保护色，保护色可分为两类：进犯进攻型与防卫型。一般是防御性保护色多于进攻型。而两种类型都可归纳为一般性模仿与专门特定模仿。居住栖息在单一色泽地方动物，如海洋或沙漠，常采用模仿性保护色如透第 12 页 明绿色，土色等，而特定摸刚动物那么栖息在多样性地方，如海岸，浅水，海洋外表等。特定模仿还需要有改变形状姿势之协作，使其看起来像客观

41、环境中某物，某种身份 mistaken identify.第二段涉及有关模仿性解释探索，结果为二。一种观点是环境直接影响结果。第二种是自然选择结果。当人们理解了许多特定模仿复杂特性时，第一种解释就不能成立了。这说明保护效果是一切因素适宜外形与某种精心设计姿势等合作而成。按现在科学水平来解释，只能归之“自然选择理论，然后是用具体例子来证实。答案祥解 1.B.夜间活动食肉动物。见难句译注 4，斑马黑白相间颜色比例正好与月光下所见贫瘠土地苍白色泽相吻合。当然能保护斑马夜间免遭这些食肉动物袭击。A.捕获者。C.狮子与老虎。D.食虫脊椎动物 2.A.在装成捕食其他动物姿势时。B.应该专门模仿。C.动物依

42、赖速度。D.动物与背景混在一起。3.D.搞错/认错了动物身份mistaken identify 认错了人之义。见第一段最后一句话，它不像一般模仿那样，通过动物与背景难以区分从而从视觉中隐藏起来，它是被误认为某种著名动物。A.用以吓走它对手敌人能力。B.速度。C.采用某种姿势能力。4.C.自然界模拟运动。文章一开场就点命保护色迄今为止生存斗争中最常用一种颜色，常用于进攻与防卫。保护色常与其他措施相配合，首先提到速度，见难句译注 1。然后讲到保护色分类，一般普通与特殊专门模拟/模仿。第 13 页 第二段解释或说明模拟适应性。第一种解释为环境使然/影响。第二种认为是自然界选择之结果。A.为了保卫保护

43、色。B.动物是如何存活下来。D.动物之模仿性。5.C.进攻性侵犯性模仿。见难句译注 2。A.保护色模仿。B.一般性模仿。D.专项模仿。【2021 模拟】阅读以下短文，从每题所给四个选项A、B、C 与 D中，选出最正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。SmartWR PENS is your No.1 source for promotional pens,advertising pens,and logo(商标)pens.We have been in business since 1976,so you can be confident that youre dealing with a tru

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48、nformation is available in sixteen different colors.Each pen has the universal recycling symbol printed on it,showing clients the companys commitment to the environment.Feel free to call us at 8447367 or email us if you have any questions.39.What do we know about SmartWR PENS A.It has a history of o

49、ver 30 years.B.It has built up a large pen market.C.It has its name printed on each pen.D.It charges a low price for extra service.40.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 3 A.The different types of the products.B.The high quality of the products.C.The quick service of SmartWR PENS.第 15 页 D.The trad

50、e shows of SmartWR PENS.41.What can we learn about SmartWR PENS from Paragraph 4 A.They are designed in 16 styles.B.They come in 48 different colours.C.Their material is less harmful to the earth.D.Their price is much lower in the pen market.42.The main purpose of the passage is to _.A.persuade peop