仁爱版八年级英语上册语法.pdf

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1、U N I T 1 T o p i c 1 语 法 精 讲 be going to动词原形 1.表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象;判断将要或即将发生某种情况.这类句子的主语可以是人;也可是物.例如：There is going to be a football match in our school tomorrow afternoon.明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛.已有告示 I feel terrible.I think Im going to die.我感到难受极了;我想我快不行了.Look at those black cloudsIts going to rain.看看那些乌云天快要下雨

2、了.2.表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定;即打算在最近或将来进行某事.这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的.例如：He isnt going to see his elder brother tomorrow.他明天不准备去看他哥哥.Mary is going to be a teacher when she grows up.玛丽决定长大了当一名教师.3.只是单纯地预测未来的事;此时可与 will 互换.例如：I think it is going to/will rain this evening.我认为今晚要下雨.注意：1be going to 和 will 在含义和用法上略有不同.be

3、 going to 往往表示事先经过考虑的打算；will 多表示意愿、决心.两者有时不能互换.例如：He is studying hard and is going to try for the exams.他正努力学习;准备参加考试.不能用 will 替换 Can somebody help me 谁能帮我一下吗 I will.我来.不能用 be going to 替换 2 在 if 之后;通常不用 will 表示预言;但可以用 be going to 表示意图.例如：If you are going to go to the cinema this evening;youd better

4、take your coat with you.你若今晚去看电影;最好带着外套.be going to 也常可以用于主句之中.例如：If you invite Jack;theres going to be trouble.如果你邀请杰克;那就要惹麻烦了.如果表示将来的意愿;will 可用于条件从句.此时 will 为情态动词.例如：If you will learn to play football;Ill help you.如果你想学踢足球;我可以帮你.课堂小测 1、Be careful.The train _d.A.will come B.C.comes D.is coming 2.Lo

5、ok at those clouds.It _a_ soon;Im afraid.A.is going to rain B.is raining C.will rain D.wont rain 3.The radio says it _c_ the day after tomorrow.A.is going to snow B.is snowing C.will snow D.snows 4._b_ he _ some shopping tomorrow afternoon A.Willdoes B.is going to do C.isdoing D.Shall do UNIT 1 Topi

6、c 2 语法精讲 UNIT 1 Topic 3 语法精讲 随堂测试 1、There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.will be going to B.will going to be C.is going to be D.will go to be 2.Charlie _ here next month.A.isnt working B.doesnt working C.isnt going to working D.wont work 3.He _ very busy this week;he _ free next week.A.will be;is

7、B.is;is C.will be;will be D.is;will be 4.There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A.was B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be 5._ you _ free tomorrow No.I _ free the day after tomorrow.A.Are;going to;will B.Are;going to be;will C.Are;going to;will be D.Are;going to be;will be 6.M

8、other _ me a nice present on my next birthday.A.will gives B.will give C.gives D.give UNIT 2 Topic 1 语法精讲 UNIT 2 Topic 2 语法精讲 UNIT 2 Topic 3 语法精讲 情态动词用法总结：情态动词的语法特征：1 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情;只表示期待或估计某事的发生；2 情态动词 除 ought 和 have 外;后面只能接不带 to 的不定式.3 情态动词没有人称;数的变化;即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s.4 情态动词没有非谓语形式;即没有不定式;分词;等形

9、式.一、比较 can 和 be able to 1can could 表示能力；可能 过去时用 could;只用于现在式和过去式could.be able to 可以用于各种时态.They will be able to tell you the news soon.他很快就能告诉你消息了.2 只用 be able to a.位于助动词后.b.情态动词后.c.表示过去某时刻动作时.d.用于句首表示条件.e.表示成功地做了某事时;只能用 was/were able to;不能用 could.He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.H

10、e managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could 不表示时态 1 提出委婉的请求;注意在回答中不可用 could.Could I have the television on Yes;you can./No;you cant.2 在否定;疑问句中表示推测或怀疑.He couldnt be a bad man.他不大可能是坏人.二、比较 may 和 might 1 表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首;表示祝愿.May God bless you He might be at home.注意：might 表示推测

11、时;不表示时态.只是可能性比 may 小.2 成语：may/might as well;后面接不带 to 的不定式;意为不妨.If that is the case;we may as well try 三、比较 have to 和 must 1 两词都是必须的意思;have to 表示客观的需要;must 表示说话人主观上的看法;既主观上的必要.My brother was very ill;so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害;我只得半夜里把医生请来.客观上需要做这件事 He said that th

12、ey must work hard.他说他们必须努力工作.主观上要做这件事 2 have to 有人称、数、时态的变化;而 must 只有一种形式.但 must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务.He had to look after his sister yesterday.3 在否定结构中：dont have to 表示不必 mustnt 表示禁止;You dont have to tell him about it.你不一定要把此事告诉他.You mustnt tell him about it.你一定不要把这件事告诉他.四、must 表示推测 1 must 用在肯定句中表示较有把

13、握的推测;意为一定.2 must 表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时;must 后面通常接系动词 be 的原形或行为动词的进行式.You have worked hard all day.You must be tired.你辛苦干一整天;一定累了.对现在情况的推测判断 He must be working in his office.他一定在办公室工作呢.比较：He must be staying there.他现在肯定呆在那里.He must stay there.他必须呆在那.3 must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时;must 要接完成式.I didnt hear the phon

14、e.I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话;我想必是睡着了.4 must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测;must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式.Why didnt you answer my phone call Well;I must have been sleeping;so I didnt hear it.5 否定推测用 cant.If Tom didnt leave here until five oclock;he cant be home yet.如果汤姆五点才离开这儿;他此时一定还未到家.五、表示推测的用法 can;could;may;might;mu

15、st 皆可表示推测;其用法如下：1 情态动词+动词原形.表示对现在或将来的情况的推测;此时动词通常为系动词.I dont know where she is;she may be in Wuhan.2 情态动词+动词现在进行时.表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测.At this moment;our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.这时;我们老师想必在批改试卷.3 情态动词+动词完成时.表示对过去情况的推测.We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二

16、月底前我们很可能已完成这项工作了.The road is wet.It must have rained last night.地是湿的;昨天晚上一定下雨了.4 情态动词+动词的现在完成进行时.表示对过去正在发生事情的推测.Your mother must have been looking for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你.5 推测的否定形式;疑问形式用 cant;couldnt 表示.Mike cant have found his car;for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车;因为早上他是坐公共汽车来上班的.注意：c

17、ould;might 表示推测时不表示时态;其推测的程度不如 can;may.六、should 和 ought to should 和 ought to 都为应该的意思;可用于各种人称.Ought he to go Yes.I think he ought to.表示要求;命令时;语气由 should 应该、had better 最好、must 必须渐强.七、had better 表示最好 had better 相当于一个助动词;它只有一种形式;它后面要跟动词原形.had better do sth had better not do sth It is pretty cold.Youd be

18、tter put on my coat.Shed better not play with the dog.had better have done sth 表示与事实相反的结果;意为本来最好.You had better have come earlier.八、would rather 表示宁愿 would rather do would rather not do would rather than 宁愿而不愿.还有 would sooner;had rather;had sooner 都表示宁愿、宁可的意思.If I have a choice;I had sooner not cont

19、inue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home.=I would stay here rather than go home.九、will 和 would 注意：1would like；Would like to do=want to 想要;为固定搭配.Would you like to go with me 2Will you Would you like 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时;疑问句中一般用 some;而不是 any.Would you like some cake 3 否定结构中用 will;一

20、般不用 would;wont you 是一种委婉语气.Wont you sit down 十、情态动词的回答方式 问句 肯定回答 否定回答 Need you Yes;I must.No;I neednt Must you /dont have to.十一、带 to 的情态动词 带 to 的情态动词有四个：ought to;have to;used to;be to;如加上have got to;=must;be able to;为六个.它们的疑问;否定形式应予以注意：Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month She d

21、idnt use to play tennis before she was fourteen.You ought not to have told her all about it.Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.ought to 本身作为情态动词使用.其他的词作为实义动词使用;变疑问;否定时;须有 do 等助动词协助.典型例题 Tom ought not to _ me your secret;but he meant no harm.A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.having told 答案 A.

22、由于后句为过去时;告诉秘密的动作又发生在其前因;此地应用过去完成时;但它在情态动词 ought to 后;所以用 have.十二、比较 need 和 dare 这两词既可做实义动词用;又可做情态动词用.作为情态动词;两者都只能用于疑问句;否定句和条件句.need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带 to;而dare 作实义动词用时;后面的 to 时常可以被省略.1 实义动词：need 需要;要求 need+n./to do sth 2 情态动词：need;只用原形 need 后加 do;否定形式为 need not.Need you go yet Yes;I must./No;I neednt.3

23、 need 的被动含义：need;want;require;worth 形容词后面接 doing 也可以表示被动：need doing=need to be done 随堂测试 1.Must I finish my homework today No;you _.A.cant B.neednt.C.mustnt.D.may not 2._ I speak to Mary Mary Speaking.A.Must B.Need C.May D.Shall 3.This math problem is too hard.Nobody _ do it.A.may not B.may C.cant D

24、.can 4.Can you speak Japanese No;I _.A.cant B.mustnt C.may not D.neednt 5.You _ stop when the lights are red.A.may B.can C.should D.must 6.You _ play football in the street.Its dangerous.A.cant B.shouldnt C.mustnt D.wouldnt UNIT 3 Topic 1 语法精讲 UNIT 3 Topic 2 语法精讲 随堂小测 1.What a friendly person _ We a

25、ll like talking with him.A.is it B.is he C.it is D.he is 2._ swimming in this river A.How great fun B.What great fun C.How a great fun D.What a great fun 3._ sad news it is We must try our best to help them out of trouble.A.What a B.What C.How a D.How 4.What _ fine weather we have these days A.a B.t

26、he C./D.an 5._ lovely day Lets go for a walk.A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 6._ dangerous it is to ride on a busy road A.What B.What a C.How D.How a UNIT 3 Topic 3 语法精讲 随堂小测 1.My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A.fell;was riding B.fell;were riding C.had fallen;rode D.had fallen;was

27、riding 2.Tom _ into the house when no one _.A.slipped;was looking B.had slipped;looked C.slipped;had looked D.was slipping;looked 3.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A.had seen;was picking B.saw;picked C.had seen;picked D.saw;was picking 4.I don t think Jim saw me;he _ into space.A.j

28、ust stared B.was just staring C.has just stared D.had just stared 5.I first met Lisa three years ago.She _ at a radio shop at the time.A.has worked B.was working UNIT 4 Topic 1 语法精讲 随堂测试 1.Which lesson is _ difficult in Book 2 2.Alice writes _carefully than I.3.This story is _ interesting than that

29、one.4.That was one of _ exciting moments in 2008.5.This kind of food must be _ delicious than that one.6.Beihai park is one of _ beautiful parks in Beijing.7.Whos _careful;Tom;Jim or Kate 8.That is _easy of all.9.He is _clever boy in the class.10.John is _ short than Tom.UNIT 4 Topic 2 语法精讲 UNIT 4 T

30、opic 3 语法精讲 特别注意以下几种反意疑问句 1.陈述部分含否定意味的词 few;little;never;nothing;nobody;no;hardly;none;附加疑问句应使用肯定形式但前缀词 unhappy;unlike;disappear 等列外 eg.They are unhappy;arent they 2.陈述部分的主语是 everything;something;nothing;anything 时;附加疑问句的主语应用 it；陈述部分的主语是 everybody;somebody;nobody;everyone;no one 时;附加疑问句的主语应用 they.eg

31、.1Everything is ready;_ 2Everyone is here;_ 3.陈述部分是祈使句时;附加疑问句一般用：will you 但注意：Lets ;shall we Let us ;will you 4.陈述部分含 must 时;附加疑问句一般用 neednt.eg.I must finish my work now;_ 5.陈述部分是 there be 结构时;应用 there be 结构来完成.eg.Theres little water;_ 6.陈述部分含宾语从句时;疑问部分通常与主句一致.但当主句的谓语动词是 think;believe 且主语是 I;we 时;即：

32、I/We think believe+宾从;则附加问句应与从句一致.Im sure+宾从也是如此 eg.1She said I did it;_ 2We dont think you are right;_ 3Im sure youll help me;_ 7.Im;arent I eg.I am older than you;_ 8.陈述部分含 had better;疑问部分应用 had better 来回答.eg.Youd better go out;_ 9.陈述部分是感叹句;附加问句的人称代词应与主语一致.eg.1What a kind girl;_ 2What a fine day;_

33、 练 习 1.You had to work for 10 hours yesterday;_ A.didnt you B.did not you C.had not you D.did you 2.Dont eat too much;_ A.will you B.dont you C.do you D.can you 3.Lily looks like Lucy;_ A.is Lily B.isnt she C.does Lily D.doesnt she 4.You didnt change your mind;did you-_.A.No;I didnt B.Yes;did I C.No;I did D.Yes;I didnt